Peritoneal-Pathology
True or False. Hepatorenal fluid collection do not change shape with changes in the patients position.
-False. Hepatorenal fluid collections change shape with the patient
True or False. Pseudomyxoma peritonei are common and clincally non-significant?
-False. Pseudomyxoma peritonei are rare and often fatal
True or False. Transudative fluid does not conform to the surrounding structure?
-False. Transudative fluid conforms to surrounding structure
True or False. Exodative fluid does not conform to the surrounding structure?
-True. Exodative fluid does not conform to surrounding structures
What is a localized collection of pus formed by necrosis in the peritoneum called/
-abscess
Describe the appearance of transudative fluid?
-anechoic
What is an accumulation of excess serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity called?
-ascites
Transudative fluid is more common with benign or malignant processes?
-benign
Where can a urachal cyst be found?
-between the umbilicus and the bladder
What is a lymph accumulation in the peritoneal called?
-chylous ascites
What is the sonographic appearance of pseudomyxoma peritonei?
-complex ascites -gelatinous nature of fluid
Where does ascites usually collect?
-dependent areas of the abdomen and pelvis
If gas is found within an abscess, what will it look like sonographically?
-echogenic foci with posterior reverberation artifact -dirty shadowing
What does FAST stand for?
-focused assessment with sonography for trauma
What is sometimes found within transudative fluid?
-free floating bowel
What is the FAST assessment looking for?
-free intraperitoneal fluid
What needs to be present to be considered exudative fluid?
-greater than 3 grams of protein/100 ml
What is the effusion of blood into the peritoneal cavity called?
-hemoperitoneum
Where are inclusion cysts usually found?
-in the adnexal region of females
What develops when there is a disease process of the pelvis?
-inclusion cyst
What are 4 types of bacteria that can cause the infection that leads to peritonitis?
1. tuberculosis 2. virus 3. fungus 4. parasite
What are 3 main causes of hemoperitoneum?
1. trauma 2. ruptured ectopic 3. post surgery
Which type of fluid does not change with patients position, transudative or exudative fluid?
-Exudative fluid
With any type of fluid, what is important to determine?
-is the fluid free or loculated
If fluid is found within the abdomen during a FAST exam, what might be done?
-laparotomy(surgical opening of the abdomen)
What does chylous ascites look like sonographically?
-layering of lymph fluid(fluid fluid level)
What needs to be present to be considered transudative fluid?
-less than 3 grams of protein/100 ml
Exudative fluid is more common with benign or malignant processes?
-malignancy or infectious processes
What is any cyst that is located in the mesentary area and not associated with any specific organ called?
-mesenteric cysts
What is the "other" name for hepatorenal recess?
-morison's pouch
Where are abscesses generally found?
-near a surgery site
What is the treament for ascites?
-paracentesis
When there is a presence of blood, pus or neoplastic cells in the fluid, what is it called?
-particulate ascites
What is an inflammation of the peritoneum called?
-peritonitis
What has a "starburst" appearance?
-pseudomyxoma peritonei
What is it called when bowel loops aren't free floating, but instead are displaced centrally by a surrounding mass?
-pseudomyxoma peritonei
What is an accumuulation of mucus in the peritoneum called?
-pseudomyxoma peritonei(PP)
What is the FAST assessment used for?
-screen patients for intra-abdominal injury in trauma patients
Describe the appearance of exudative fluid?
-septations -debris -loculations -matted bowel loops
Which type of fluid changes with patients position, transudative or exudative fluid?
-transudative
Which type of fluid has a thick gallbladder wall, transudative or exudative fluid?
-transudative
What is it called when urine is trapped due to incomplete regression of the urachus?
-urachal cyst
What is the sonographic apperance of hemoperitoneum?
-varied, fluid debris level
What are the 2 forms of fluid identified as ascites?
1. transudative fluid 2. exudative fluid
What are the 2 symptoms associated with mesenteric cysts?
1. abdominal distention 2. abdominal pain
What are the 2 symptoms of pseudomyxoma peritonei?
1. abdominal pain 2. abdominal distention
What are the 4 main causes of ascites?
1. cirrhosis 2. neoplasm 3. congestive heart failure 4. tuberculosis
What are 4 symptoms of abscesses?
1. fever 2. tenderness 3. pain 4. chills
What are the 3 main causes of hepatorenal fluid collections?
1. generalized ascites 2. inflammatory fluid from acute cholecystitis 3. extopic pregnancy
What are the 3 types of cysts found in the peritoneum?
1. inclusion cysts 2. mesenteric cysts 3. urachal cysts
What are 2 lab values that are associated with abscesses of the peritoneum?
1. leukocytosis 2. sepsis
What are the 3 identified spaces where ascites is commonly found?
1. morison's pouch 2. pouch of douglas 3. paracolic gutter
What 2 types of ascites might you find with peritonitis?
1. particulated ascites 2. loculated ascites
What are the 2 symptoms of inclusion cysts?
1. pelvic pain 2. pelvic pressure
What 2 things might cause pseudomyxoma peritonei?
1. ruptured ovarian neoplasm 2. appendix