Peritoneal-Pathology

True or False. Hepatorenal fluid collection do not change shape with changes in the patients position.

-False. Hepatorenal fluid collections change shape with the patient

True or False. Pseudomyxoma peritonei are common and clincally non-significant?

-False. Pseudomyxoma peritonei are rare and often fatal

True or False. Transudative fluid does not conform to the surrounding structure?

-False. Transudative fluid conforms to surrounding structure

True or False. Exodative fluid does not conform to the surrounding structure?

-True. Exodative fluid does not conform to surrounding structures

What is a localized collection of pus formed by necrosis in the peritoneum called/

-abscess

Describe the appearance of transudative fluid?

-anechoic

What is an accumulation of excess serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity called?

-ascites

Transudative fluid is more common with benign or malignant processes?

-benign

Where can a urachal cyst be found?

-between the umbilicus and the bladder

What is a lymph accumulation in the peritoneal called?

-chylous ascites

What is the sonographic appearance of pseudomyxoma peritonei?

-complex ascites -gelatinous nature of fluid

Where does ascites usually collect?

-dependent areas of the abdomen and pelvis

If gas is found within an abscess, what will it look like sonographically?

-echogenic foci with posterior reverberation artifact -dirty shadowing

What does FAST stand for?

-focused assessment with sonography for trauma

What is sometimes found within transudative fluid?

-free floating bowel

What is the FAST assessment looking for?

-free intraperitoneal fluid

What needs to be present to be considered exudative fluid?

-greater than 3 grams of protein/100 ml

What is the effusion of blood into the peritoneal cavity called?

-hemoperitoneum

Where are inclusion cysts usually found?

-in the adnexal region of females

What develops when there is a disease process of the pelvis?

-inclusion cyst

What are 4 types of bacteria that can cause the infection that leads to peritonitis?

1. tuberculosis 2. virus 3. fungus 4. parasite

What are 3 main causes of hemoperitoneum?

1. trauma 2. ruptured ectopic 3. post surgery

Which type of fluid does not change with patients position, transudative or exudative fluid?

-Exudative fluid

With any type of fluid, what is important to determine?

-is the fluid free or loculated

If fluid is found within the abdomen during a FAST exam, what might be done?

-laparotomy(surgical opening of the abdomen)

What does chylous ascites look like sonographically?

-layering of lymph fluid(fluid fluid level)

What needs to be present to be considered transudative fluid?

-less than 3 grams of protein/100 ml

Exudative fluid is more common with benign or malignant processes?

-malignancy or infectious processes

What is any cyst that is located in the mesentary area and not associated with any specific organ called?

-mesenteric cysts

What is the "other" name for hepatorenal recess?

-morison's pouch

Where are abscesses generally found?

-near a surgery site

What is the treament for ascites?

-paracentesis

When there is a presence of blood, pus or neoplastic cells in the fluid, what is it called?

-particulate ascites

What is an inflammation of the peritoneum called?

-peritonitis

What has a "starburst" appearance?

-pseudomyxoma peritonei

What is it called when bowel loops aren't free floating, but instead are displaced centrally by a surrounding mass?

-pseudomyxoma peritonei

What is an accumuulation of mucus in the peritoneum called?

-pseudomyxoma peritonei(PP)

What is the FAST assessment used for?

-screen patients for intra-abdominal injury in trauma patients

Describe the appearance of exudative fluid?

-septations -debris -loculations -matted bowel loops

Which type of fluid changes with patients position, transudative or exudative fluid?

-transudative

Which type of fluid has a thick gallbladder wall, transudative or exudative fluid?

-transudative

What is it called when urine is trapped due to incomplete regression of the urachus?

-urachal cyst

What is the sonographic apperance of hemoperitoneum?

-varied, fluid debris level

What are the 2 forms of fluid identified as ascites?

1. transudative fluid 2. exudative fluid

What are the 2 symptoms associated with mesenteric cysts?

1. abdominal distention 2. abdominal pain

What are the 2 symptoms of pseudomyxoma peritonei?

1. abdominal pain 2. abdominal distention

What are the 4 main causes of ascites?

1. cirrhosis 2. neoplasm 3. congestive heart failure 4. tuberculosis

What are 4 symptoms of abscesses?

1. fever 2. tenderness 3. pain 4. chills

What are the 3 main causes of hepatorenal fluid collections?

1. generalized ascites 2. inflammatory fluid from acute cholecystitis 3. extopic pregnancy

What are the 3 types of cysts found in the peritoneum?

1. inclusion cysts 2. mesenteric cysts 3. urachal cysts

What are 2 lab values that are associated with abscesses of the peritoneum?

1. leukocytosis 2. sepsis

What are the 3 identified spaces where ascites is commonly found?

1. morison's pouch 2. pouch of douglas 3. paracolic gutter

What 2 types of ascites might you find with peritonitis?

1. particulated ascites 2. loculated ascites

What are the 2 symptoms of inclusion cysts?

1. pelvic pain 2. pelvic pressure

What 2 things might cause pseudomyxoma peritonei?

1. ruptured ovarian neoplasm 2. appendix