Personal Fitness and Wellness Final

Hypokinetic disease

"Hypo" denotes "lack of"; therefore, illness related to lack of physical activity.

Ecosystem

A community of organisms interacting with each other in an environment.

Morbidity

A condition related to or caused by illness or disease.

Very low calorie diet

A diet that allows an energy intake of only 800 calories of less per day.

Weight-regulating mechanism (WRM)

A feature of the hypothalamus of the brain that controls how much the body should weigh

Physical fitness standards

A fitness level that allows a person to sustain moderate-to-vigorous physical activity without undue fatigue and the ability to closely maintain this level throughout life.

Adenosine triphosphate

A high-energy chemical compound that the body uses for immediate energy

Glycemic index

A measure that is used to rate the plasma glucose response of carbohydrates-containing foods with the response produced by the same amount of carbohydrate from a standard source, usually glucose or white bread.

metabolic profile

A measurement of plasma insulin, glucose, lipid, and lipoprotein levels to assess risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Energy-balancing equation

A principle holding that as long as caloric input equals caloric output, the person will not gain or lose weight.

Mental wellness

A state in which your mind is engaged in lively interaction with the world around you.

Health

A state of complete well-being -- not just the absence of disease of infirmity.

Exercise

A type of physical activity that requires planned, structured, and repetitive bodily movement with the intent of improving or maintain one or more components of physical fitness.

Moderate physical activity

Activity that used 150 calories of energy per day, or 1,000 calories per week.

Alveoli

Air sacs in the lungs where oxygen is taken up and carbon dioxide is released from the blood

Stroke volume

Amount of blood pumped by the heart I on ebeat

Cardiac output

Amount of blood pumped by the heart I on minute

Bulimia nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by a pattern of binge eating and purging in an attempt to lose weight and maintain low body weight.

Anorexia nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by self imposed starvation to lose and maintain very low body weight.

Binge-eating disorder

An eating disorder characterized by uncontrollable episodes of eating excessive amounts of food within a relatively short time

Pedometer

An electronic device that senses body motion and counts footsteps. Some pedometer also record distance, calories burned, speeds, "aerobic steps", and time spent being physically active.

Overweight

An excess amount of weight against a given standard, such as height or recommended percent body fat.

Obesity

An excessive accumulation of body fat, usually at least 30 percent above recommended body weight.

Vigorous activity

Any exercise that requires MET level equal to or greater than 6 METS. Page 19

Physical activity

Bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles; requires expenditure of energy and produces progressive health benefits. Examples include walking, taking the stairs, dancing, gardening, yard work, house cleaning and so on.

Storage fat

Body fat in excess of essential fat; stored in adipose tissue

Recommended body weight

Body weight at which there seems to be no harm to human health, healthy weight.

Lean body mass

Body weight without body fat

Sedentary Death Syndrome (SeDS)

Cause of deaths attributed to a lack of regular physical activity.

Bod pod

Commercial name of the equipment used to assess body composition through the air displacement technique

Subcutaneous fat

Deposits of fat directly under the skin

Anaerobic

Describes exercise that does not require oxygen to produce the necessary energy to carry out the activity

Aerobic

Describes exercise that requires oxygen to produce he necessary energy to carry out the activity

Sedentary

Description of a person who is relatively inactive and whole lifestyle is characterized by a lot of sitting.

Underweight

Extremely low body weight

Spot reducing

Fallacious theory proposing that exercising a specific body part will result in significant fat reduction in that area.

Skill-related fitness

Fitness components important for success in skillful activities and athletic events; encompasses agility, balance, coordination, power, reaction time, and speed.

Health-related fitness

Fitness programs that are prescribed to improve the individual's overall health

Physical Wellness

Good physical fitness and confidence in your personal ability to take care of health problems.

Aquaphobic

Having fear of water.

Resting heart Rate (RHR)

Heart rate after a person has been sitting quietly for 15 to 20 minutes

Chronic diseases

Illnesses that develop as a result of an unhealthy lifestyle and last a long time.

Sphygmomanometer

Inflatable bladder contained within a cuff and mercury gravity manometer from which blood pressure is read.

Hemoglobin

Iron-containing compound, found in red blood cells, that transport oxygen

Workload

Load placed on the body during physical activity

Glycogen

Manner in which carbohydtrates are stored in the human body; predominantly in liver and muscles

Maximal oxygen uptake(VO2 max)

Maximum amount of oxygen the body is able to utilize per minute of physical activity, commonly expressed in milliliters per kilogram per minute; the best indicator of cardiorespiratory or aerobic fitness

Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)

Method to assess body composition that uses very low-does beams of x-ray energy to measure total body fat mass, fat distribution pattern, and bone density.

Essential fat

Minimal amount of body fat needed for normal physiological functions; constitutes about 3 percent of total weight in men and 12 percent in women.

Life expectancy

Number of years a person is expected to live based on the person's birth year.

Android obesity

Obesity pattern seen in individuals who tend to store fat in the trunk or abdominal areas

Gynoid obesity

Obesity pattern seen in people who store fat primarily around the hips and thighs.

Systolic blood pressure

Pressure exerted by blood against walls of arteries during forceful contraction of heart

Diastolic blood pressure

Pressure exerted by the blood against the walls of the arteries during the relaxation phase of the heart.

Primordial prevention

Prevention of the development of risk factors for disease.

Percent body fat

Proportional amount of fat in the body based on the person's total weight; includes both essential fat and storage fat; also termed fat mass.

Prayer

Sincere and humble communication with a higher power.

Bradycardia

Slower heart rate than normal

Air displacement

Technique to assess body composition by calculating the body volume from the air replaced by an individual sitting inside a small chamber

Skinfold thickness

Technique to assess body composition by measuring a double thickness of skin at specific body sites

Girth measurements

Technique to assess body composition by measuring circumferences at specific body sites

Bioelectrical impedance

Technique to assess body composition by running a weak electrical current through the body

Body mass index (BMI)

Technique to determine thinness and excessive fatness that incorporates height and weight to estimate critical fat values at which the risk for disease increases.

Anthropometric measurement

Techniques to measure body girths a different sites

Cellulite

Term frequently used in reference to fat deposits that "bulge out"; caused by the herniation of subcutaneous fat within fibrous connective tissue, giving it a padded-like appearance.

Cardiorespiratory endurance

The ability of the lungs, heart, and blood vessels to deliver adequate amounts of oxygen to the cells to meet the demands of prolonged physical activity.

Physical fitness

The ability to meet the ordinary as well as unusual demands of daily life safely and effectively without being overly fatigued and still have energy left for leisure and recreational activities.

Occupational Wellness

The ability to perform your job skillfully and effectively under conditions that provide personal and team satisfaction an adequately reward each individual.

Social wellness

The ability to relate well to others, both within and outside the family unit.

Emotional Wellness

The ability to understand your own feelings, accept your limitations, and achieve emotional stability.

Oxygen uptake (VO2)

The amount of oxygen the human body uses

Estimated energy requirement (EER)

The average dietary energy intake that is predicted to maintain energy balance in a healthy adult of defined age, gender, weight, height, and level of physical activity, consistent with good health.

Environmental wellness

The capability to live in a clean and safe environment that is not detrimental to health.

Wellness

The constant and deliberate effort to stay healthy and achieve the highest potential for well-being. It encompasses seven dimensions.

Emotional eating

The consumption of large quantities of food to suppress negative emotions

Resting metabolic rate (RMR)

The energy requirement to maintain the body's vital processes in the resting state.

Body composition

The fat and non-fat components of the human body; important in assessing recommended body weight.

Health and fitness standards

The lowest fitness requirements for maintaining good health, decreasing the risk for chronic diseases, and lowering the incidence of muscular-skeletal injuries.

Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

The lowest level of oxygen consumption necessary to sustain life.

Health promotion

The science and art of enabling people to increase control over their lifestyle to more toward a state of wellness.

Spiritual wellness

The sense that life is meaningful, that life has purpose, and that some power brings all humanity together; the ethics, values, and morals that guide you and give meaning and direction to life.

Hydrostatic weighing

Underwater technique to assess body composition; considered the most accurate of the body composition assessment techniques.

Altruism

Unselfish concern for the welfare of others.

Setpoint

Weight control theory that the body has an established weight and strongly attempts to maintain that weight