Personal Health: Block 4, Chapter 11: Infections

True or False: There is no cure for smallpox

True

True or False: There is no cure for the common cold

True

A feature of Gardasil is that is provides protection against human papillomavirus (HPV) that is responsible for the majority of cases of _____

Cervical cancer

In the _____ stage of syphilis, the bacteria become highly disseminated and start damaging body organs

Latent

White blood cells called _____ are the most basic unit of the immune system

Leukocytes

Identify a true statement about phagocytes

Neutrophils are a type of phagocyte that primarily targets bacteria

After the rapid spread of H1N1 in 2009, the World Health Organization officially classified H1N1 as a _____

Pandemic

Infectious bacteria are _____-celled organisms that, after entering a body, divide in large numbers and cause symptoms

Single

Impetigo is a contagious infection that can result when staph bacteria invade the _____ through a crack or broken area

Skin

A common bacteria found on the skin and the membranes that line the nose and throat is

Staph

The most common streptococcal infection is

Strep throat

Which body part is most widely associated with the transmission or spread of the common cold?

The hands

An instance in which the use of antiviral drugs is less likely to be effective is when _____

The infected person is extremely ill

True or False: A person who is infected by mononucleosis experiences its symptoms one day after exposure

False

Identify the true statements about athlete's foot

-A cure for athlete's foot is topical antifungal medication, which clears up the infection quickly -The symptoms of athlete's foot are redness, itching, and cracking of skin, usually between the toes

Identify the symptoms of toxic shock syndrome

-A sudden drop in blood pressure -High fever -Skin rash

Which of the following diseases are of concern in a bioterrorist context?

-Anthrax -Pneumonic plague -Botulism

Which of the following are effective ways to fight infectious disease?

-Antivirals -Vaccines -Antibiotics

If a pathogen invades the body, it is detected by _____ cells and destroyed by _____ cells

-B -T

How do lymphocytes work in partnership to destroy pathogens?

-B cells produce antigen specific antibodies -T cells destroy the pathogen

Match the major components of the Homeland Security Presidential Directive (HSPD-21) with their descriptions

-Biosurveillance: Its measures include focused national and international activities to monitor disease occurrence and distribution for those diseases that are likely to be a part of bioterrorism in both animal and human populations -Countermeasure stockpiling and distribution: It involves ensuring that appropriate vaccines and drugs are available in the case of a real or potential bioterrorism event -Mass casualty care: It is the mobilization of public health and medical systems to treat those affected by a bioterrorism disease outbreak -Community resilience: It involves activities that communities and social networks can undertake to lessen the risk and damage done in such outbreaks

Identify the common staph infections

-Cellulitis -Boils

A healthy immune response is found in people who

-Cope and deal with stress effectively -Have healthy lifestyle behaviors

Identify the preventive measures for the Zika virus infection

-Covering exposed skin -Using insect repellents when traveling to areas where the virus is commonly found

Which are effective ways to prevent the spread of H1N1?

-Covering the nose and mouth when sneezing or coughing -Avoiding contact with a sick person -Frequent hand washing

Match the three things that can happen after the acute stage of an infection with their descriptions

-Death: The pathogen wins -Recovery: The immune system wins -Relapse: The infection goes back to the acute stage

Which of the following highlighted the concept of bioterrorism in the minds of most Americans?

-Discussions of weapons of mass destruction -Anthrax deaths in late 2001

Which of the following are the symptoms of bacterial meningitis?

-Fever -Rash -Frequent vomiting -Stiff neck

Which of the following are the symptoms of Zika virus infections?

-Fever -Rash -Joint pain

Which of the following are common pathogens?

-Fungi -Viruses -Bacteria

Which of the following are true statements?

-HIV is an infection transmitted by means of bodily fluids -HIV is the cause of AIDS -It can take six weeks to six months after exposure for a person to test positive for HIV

Match the names of the common types of herpes virus

-HSV 1: Oral herpes -HSV 2: Genital herpes

Match the different types of hepatitis with their descriptions

-Hepatitis A: This is contracted through eating food prepared by someone who is infected and did not wash his or her hands after using the bathroom -Hepatitis B: This is contracted through contact with infected blood via transfusions, dirty needles, or sexual intercourse

Match the following stages of response to a pathogen to their descriptions

-Incubation: Exposure to onset of infection -Prodromal: Early symptoms of disease -Acute: Period of greatest illness -Recovery: Period of getting better

Which of the following are potentially serious consequences of pelvic inflammatory disease?

-Infertility -Ectopic pregnancy

A bacterial infection that affects the brain and is often transmitted by close contact between persons in such places as college dorms is

-Meningococcal meningitis -Bacterial meningitis

Identify the proteins present in the H1N1 virus

-Neuraminidase -Hemagglutinin

Which of the following can be portals of entry and exit?

-Reproductive organs -The nose -The skin -The mouth

Identify the factors involved in the communicable disease process

-Reservoir -Modes of transmission -Stages of response -Pathogens

Which of the following are symptoms of hepatitis?

-Stomach pain -Brown urine -Loss of appetite -Nausea

Identify the symptoms of strep throat

-Swollen neck glands -Fever

Which of the following statements are true of chlamydia?

-Symptoms of chlamydia typically appear 7-30 days after exposure -Many people do not have symptoms of chlamydia, but they can spread the disease

Which of the following statements are true of Invasive Group A Streptococcus?

-The attack of these microbes on the skin results in tissue death -An untreated skin wound is the usual mode of transmission for these microbes

Which of the following can happen during the secondary stage of syphilis?

-The bacteria causing the disease to spread -A rash appears all over the body

Identify the true statements about a chancre that appears at the point of sexual contact during the first stage of syphilis

-The chancre remains on the body for an average of 21 days -The disappearance of the chancre indicates that the infected person is moving into the next stage

Identify the true statements about herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV 1)

-There are no medications that can rid the body of this virus -It can affect the nervous system

Identify the true statements about Ebola

-To contract Ebola, an individual needs to come into contact with the blood of an infected person -Ebola is caused by the contact of exposed skin with the body fluids of an infected person

Which of the following statements are true of gonorrhea?

-Untreated gonorrhea can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) -Symptoms of gonorrhea usually appear two to seven days after exposure

Insects such as mosquitos or ticks that carry a pathogen are referred to as

-Vectors -Indirect modes of transmission

Indirect modes of transmission include

-Vectors -Vehicles

Which of the following is a topic discussed in the American Public Health Association publication Control of Communicable Diseases in Man?

All are correct

Mononucleosis is a common viral infection that as many as _____% of adults in the United States will contract by the age of fourty

95

Which of the following is true of the primary stage of syphilis?

A painless lesion or sore called a chancre appears at the point of sexual contact

The place where pathogens can live and reproduce in their natural environment is called

A reservoir

The lowest-risk behavior for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections is _____

Abstinence

As symptoms of infection get more intense and the person begins to feel sick, the infection enters the _____ stage

Acute

A bacterial disease called _____, which is associated with cows, is a potential weapon of bioterrorism

Anthrax

Antibodies called _____ are given as a drug that disrupts bacterial processes and stops an infection from growing

Antibiotics

Toxic shock syndrome is treated with _____

Antibiotics

Unless _____ are administered, pneumonic plague can cause respiratory failure and result in death

Antibiotics

The immune system continually guards human body against foreign substances called _____

Antigens

Tamiflu is an example of an

Antiviral

_____ are drugs that block the reproductive ability of viruses

Antivirals

Botulism is a foodborne disease caused by _____

Bacteria

Antibiotics fight _____ infections

Bacterial

The use of lethal pathogens for terrorism is called _____

Bioterrorism

Inflamed, pus-filled lumps on the skin called _____ usually result from the infection of hair follicles by staph bacteria

Boils

Lymphocytes called B _____ originate and stay in the bone marrow producing antibodies when needed

Cells

A staph infection of the skin and of the tissues beneath it that usually results from a wound and that affects the neck, face, and legs is called

Cellulitis

Coughing and sneezing are examples of

Direct modes of transmission

The _____-Barr virus is the pathogen that causes mononucleosis

Epstien

It is important that once an antibiotic is prescribed to a person that in the course of treatment the person take the _____ amount prescribed, even if symptoms subside

Full

Which of the following is true about syphilis in the tertiary stage?

If organ damage occurs, it will not be reversed by antibiotic treatment

The key to dealing with viral infections is the quality of the

Immune system

Which of the following is a common staph infection?

Impetigo

Which of the following is a skin infection that is typically the result of an invasion of staph bacteria through a crack or broken area of the skin, which can become red and blistered?

Impetigo

The first stage of response to infection, which is defined as the time between exposure to the pathogen and the onset of symptoms, is

Incubation

Vectors and vehicles are _____ modes of transmission for pathogens

Indirect

A common viral infection with symptoms that include headache, tiredness, fever, chills, and body aches is

Influenza

Identify the kind of strep bacteria that destroys fatty tissue and muscle, thereby gaining the nickname "flesh-eating bacteria"

Invasive Group A Streptococcus

A key symptom of hepatitis is yellowing of the skin and eyes, a condition called _____

Jaundice

The process by which people get antibodies from an outside source, such as when infants ingest them in breast milk, is called _____ immunity

Passive

Communicable diseases are caused by microorganisms that are called _____, germs, or microbes

Pathogens

In the context of the immune system, _____ are considered antigens

Pathogens

A serious, painful condition called _____ is a serious complication of untreated chlamydia and gonorrhea

Pelvic inflammatory disease

_____, a type of leukocytes, surround, engulf, and digest pathogens or other material that is recognized as being foreign to the body

Phagocytes

In the context of the communicable disease process, the stage of response when the infected person begins to experience early symptoms of a disease is referred to as prodrome or the _____

Prodromal stage

Toxic shock syndrome associated with tampon use can be prevented by

Proper hand washing

The stage when an infected person's immune response system overcomes the infection is the _____ stage

Recovery

A person with an infectious disease who stops taking medication too soon may experience a _____, returning to the acute stage of the infection

Relapse

Ringworm is a fungal infection normally confined to the _____

Scalp

In extreme cases, strep throat can develop into _____

Scarlet fever

If bacterial meningitis spreads, a condition called _____ results, and the death rate can rise to around 20 percent or higher

Septicemia

T cells, or T lymphocytes, mature in the _____

Thymus gland

The process by which a pathogen leaves the reservoir and enters another person is referred to as the mode of _____

Transmission

The most widespread type of influenza is

Type A

The best method of prevention for bacterial meningitis is _____

Vaccination

When people are given a _____, they are given a weakened or dead form of a pathogen to develop an immunity to it

Vaccine

In the transmission of pathogens, food, water, and inanimate objects such as drinking glasses and eating utensils are considered _____

Vehicles

_____ consist of a strand of RNA or DNA wrapped in a protein coat

Viruses