Personal Health: Block 4, Chapter 11: Infections
True or False: There is no cure for smallpox
True
True or False: There is no cure for the common cold
True
A feature of Gardasil is that is provides protection against human papillomavirus (HPV) that is responsible for the majority of cases of _____
Cervical cancer
In the _____ stage of syphilis, the bacteria become highly disseminated and start damaging body organs
Latent
White blood cells called _____ are the most basic unit of the immune system
Leukocytes
Identify a true statement about phagocytes
Neutrophils are a type of phagocyte that primarily targets bacteria
After the rapid spread of H1N1 in 2009, the World Health Organization officially classified H1N1 as a _____
Pandemic
Infectious bacteria are _____-celled organisms that, after entering a body, divide in large numbers and cause symptoms
Single
Impetigo is a contagious infection that can result when staph bacteria invade the _____ through a crack or broken area
Skin
A common bacteria found on the skin and the membranes that line the nose and throat is
Staph
The most common streptococcal infection is
Strep throat
Which body part is most widely associated with the transmission or spread of the common cold?
The hands
An instance in which the use of antiviral drugs is less likely to be effective is when _____
The infected person is extremely ill
True or False: A person who is infected by mononucleosis experiences its symptoms one day after exposure
False
Identify the true statements about athlete's foot
-A cure for athlete's foot is topical antifungal medication, which clears up the infection quickly -The symptoms of athlete's foot are redness, itching, and cracking of skin, usually between the toes
Identify the symptoms of toxic shock syndrome
-A sudden drop in blood pressure -High fever -Skin rash
Which of the following diseases are of concern in a bioterrorist context?
-Anthrax -Pneumonic plague -Botulism
Which of the following are effective ways to fight infectious disease?
-Antivirals -Vaccines -Antibiotics
If a pathogen invades the body, it is detected by _____ cells and destroyed by _____ cells
-B -T
How do lymphocytes work in partnership to destroy pathogens?
-B cells produce antigen specific antibodies -T cells destroy the pathogen
Match the major components of the Homeland Security Presidential Directive (HSPD-21) with their descriptions
-Biosurveillance: Its measures include focused national and international activities to monitor disease occurrence and distribution for those diseases that are likely to be a part of bioterrorism in both animal and human populations -Countermeasure stockpiling and distribution: It involves ensuring that appropriate vaccines and drugs are available in the case of a real or potential bioterrorism event -Mass casualty care: It is the mobilization of public health and medical systems to treat those affected by a bioterrorism disease outbreak -Community resilience: It involves activities that communities and social networks can undertake to lessen the risk and damage done in such outbreaks
Identify the common staph infections
-Cellulitis -Boils
A healthy immune response is found in people who
-Cope and deal with stress effectively -Have healthy lifestyle behaviors
Identify the preventive measures for the Zika virus infection
-Covering exposed skin -Using insect repellents when traveling to areas where the virus is commonly found
Which are effective ways to prevent the spread of H1N1?
-Covering the nose and mouth when sneezing or coughing -Avoiding contact with a sick person -Frequent hand washing
Match the three things that can happen after the acute stage of an infection with their descriptions
-Death: The pathogen wins -Recovery: The immune system wins -Relapse: The infection goes back to the acute stage
Which of the following highlighted the concept of bioterrorism in the minds of most Americans?
-Discussions of weapons of mass destruction -Anthrax deaths in late 2001
Which of the following are the symptoms of bacterial meningitis?
-Fever -Rash -Frequent vomiting -Stiff neck
Which of the following are the symptoms of Zika virus infections?
-Fever -Rash -Joint pain
Which of the following are common pathogens?
-Fungi -Viruses -Bacteria
Which of the following are true statements?
-HIV is an infection transmitted by means of bodily fluids -HIV is the cause of AIDS -It can take six weeks to six months after exposure for a person to test positive for HIV
Match the names of the common types of herpes virus
-HSV 1: Oral herpes -HSV 2: Genital herpes
Match the different types of hepatitis with their descriptions
-Hepatitis A: This is contracted through eating food prepared by someone who is infected and did not wash his or her hands after using the bathroom -Hepatitis B: This is contracted through contact with infected blood via transfusions, dirty needles, or sexual intercourse
Match the following stages of response to a pathogen to their descriptions
-Incubation: Exposure to onset of infection -Prodromal: Early symptoms of disease -Acute: Period of greatest illness -Recovery: Period of getting better
Which of the following are potentially serious consequences of pelvic inflammatory disease?
-Infertility -Ectopic pregnancy
A bacterial infection that affects the brain and is often transmitted by close contact between persons in such places as college dorms is
-Meningococcal meningitis -Bacterial meningitis
Identify the proteins present in the H1N1 virus
-Neuraminidase -Hemagglutinin
Which of the following can be portals of entry and exit?
-Reproductive organs -The nose -The skin -The mouth
Identify the factors involved in the communicable disease process
-Reservoir -Modes of transmission -Stages of response -Pathogens
Which of the following are symptoms of hepatitis?
-Stomach pain -Brown urine -Loss of appetite -Nausea
Identify the symptoms of strep throat
-Swollen neck glands -Fever
Which of the following statements are true of chlamydia?
-Symptoms of chlamydia typically appear 7-30 days after exposure -Many people do not have symptoms of chlamydia, but they can spread the disease
Which of the following statements are true of Invasive Group A Streptococcus?
-The attack of these microbes on the skin results in tissue death -An untreated skin wound is the usual mode of transmission for these microbes
Which of the following can happen during the secondary stage of syphilis?
-The bacteria causing the disease to spread -A rash appears all over the body
Identify the true statements about a chancre that appears at the point of sexual contact during the first stage of syphilis
-The chancre remains on the body for an average of 21 days -The disappearance of the chancre indicates that the infected person is moving into the next stage
Identify the true statements about herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV 1)
-There are no medications that can rid the body of this virus -It can affect the nervous system
Identify the true statements about Ebola
-To contract Ebola, an individual needs to come into contact with the blood of an infected person -Ebola is caused by the contact of exposed skin with the body fluids of an infected person
Which of the following statements are true of gonorrhea?
-Untreated gonorrhea can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) -Symptoms of gonorrhea usually appear two to seven days after exposure
Insects such as mosquitos or ticks that carry a pathogen are referred to as
-Vectors -Indirect modes of transmission
Indirect modes of transmission include
-Vectors -Vehicles
Which of the following is a topic discussed in the American Public Health Association publication Control of Communicable Diseases in Man?
All are correct
Mononucleosis is a common viral infection that as many as _____% of adults in the United States will contract by the age of fourty
95
Which of the following is true of the primary stage of syphilis?
A painless lesion or sore called a chancre appears at the point of sexual contact
The place where pathogens can live and reproduce in their natural environment is called
A reservoir
The lowest-risk behavior for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections is _____
Abstinence
As symptoms of infection get more intense and the person begins to feel sick, the infection enters the _____ stage
Acute
A bacterial disease called _____, which is associated with cows, is a potential weapon of bioterrorism
Anthrax
Antibodies called _____ are given as a drug that disrupts bacterial processes and stops an infection from growing
Antibiotics
Toxic shock syndrome is treated with _____
Antibiotics
Unless _____ are administered, pneumonic plague can cause respiratory failure and result in death
Antibiotics
The immune system continually guards human body against foreign substances called _____
Antigens
Tamiflu is an example of an
Antiviral
_____ are drugs that block the reproductive ability of viruses
Antivirals
Botulism is a foodborne disease caused by _____
Bacteria
Antibiotics fight _____ infections
Bacterial
The use of lethal pathogens for terrorism is called _____
Bioterrorism
Inflamed, pus-filled lumps on the skin called _____ usually result from the infection of hair follicles by staph bacteria
Boils
Lymphocytes called B _____ originate and stay in the bone marrow producing antibodies when needed
Cells
A staph infection of the skin and of the tissues beneath it that usually results from a wound and that affects the neck, face, and legs is called
Cellulitis
Coughing and sneezing are examples of
Direct modes of transmission
The _____-Barr virus is the pathogen that causes mononucleosis
Epstien
It is important that once an antibiotic is prescribed to a person that in the course of treatment the person take the _____ amount prescribed, even if symptoms subside
Full
Which of the following is true about syphilis in the tertiary stage?
If organ damage occurs, it will not be reversed by antibiotic treatment
The key to dealing with viral infections is the quality of the
Immune system
Which of the following is a common staph infection?
Impetigo
Which of the following is a skin infection that is typically the result of an invasion of staph bacteria through a crack or broken area of the skin, which can become red and blistered?
Impetigo
The first stage of response to infection, which is defined as the time between exposure to the pathogen and the onset of symptoms, is
Incubation
Vectors and vehicles are _____ modes of transmission for pathogens
Indirect
A common viral infection with symptoms that include headache, tiredness, fever, chills, and body aches is
Influenza
Identify the kind of strep bacteria that destroys fatty tissue and muscle, thereby gaining the nickname "flesh-eating bacteria"
Invasive Group A Streptococcus
A key symptom of hepatitis is yellowing of the skin and eyes, a condition called _____
Jaundice
The process by which people get antibodies from an outside source, such as when infants ingest them in breast milk, is called _____ immunity
Passive
Communicable diseases are caused by microorganisms that are called _____, germs, or microbes
Pathogens
In the context of the immune system, _____ are considered antigens
Pathogens
A serious, painful condition called _____ is a serious complication of untreated chlamydia and gonorrhea
Pelvic inflammatory disease
_____, a type of leukocytes, surround, engulf, and digest pathogens or other material that is recognized as being foreign to the body
Phagocytes
In the context of the communicable disease process, the stage of response when the infected person begins to experience early symptoms of a disease is referred to as prodrome or the _____
Prodromal stage
Toxic shock syndrome associated with tampon use can be prevented by
Proper hand washing
The stage when an infected person's immune response system overcomes the infection is the _____ stage
Recovery
A person with an infectious disease who stops taking medication too soon may experience a _____, returning to the acute stage of the infection
Relapse
Ringworm is a fungal infection normally confined to the _____
Scalp
In extreme cases, strep throat can develop into _____
Scarlet fever
If bacterial meningitis spreads, a condition called _____ results, and the death rate can rise to around 20 percent or higher
Septicemia
T cells, or T lymphocytes, mature in the _____
Thymus gland
The process by which a pathogen leaves the reservoir and enters another person is referred to as the mode of _____
Transmission
The most widespread type of influenza is
Type A
The best method of prevention for bacterial meningitis is _____
Vaccination
When people are given a _____, they are given a weakened or dead form of a pathogen to develop an immunity to it
Vaccine
In the transmission of pathogens, food, water, and inanimate objects such as drinking glasses and eating utensils are considered _____
Vehicles
_____ consist of a strand of RNA or DNA wrapped in a protein coat
Viruses