Personality Theory exam 2

Therapy

According to Jung, the process by which patients were able, through exploration of their inner lives, to broaden their personalities and to develop a spiritual or religious attitude toward their existence.

Archetypes

According to Jung, these are themes that have existed in all cultures throughout history. They include images that are universal in nature and essentially thought forms or ideas that lead to visions projected into current experiences.

Ego

According to Jung, this is responsible for our feelings of identity and continuity as human beings. It contains the conscious thoughts of our own behavior and feelings, as well as memories of our experiences.

Both parents

Adler believed these could help deal with childhood problems and help shape children's lifestyle

Society

Adler referred to this problem as "communal life" in which we must learn to affirm our fundamental connections to others and must try to build constructive relationships.

Love

Adler referred to this problem as a way to involve cooperation and trust between partners that treat each other equally with dignity and respect.

Work

Adler referred to this problem as a way to learn the skills necessary to function effectively in life, to take responsibility for our actions, and to contribute to society.

Contribution to community

Adler stressed this was the reason for mental health and personal growth.

Faulty or mistaken attitudes

Adler used Individual Psychology to correct what kind of attitudes?

Socially useful type

Adler's major lifestyle type: Most productive and healthy one. People demonstrating this type grow up in families where members are supportive of each other, showing respect and consideration. Such persons do not use aggression; instead they show courage in facing their problems directly.They are confident and prepared to cooperate with others, contribute to the welfare of the society for a better community. They act according to social interests.

Ruling type

Adler's major lifestyle type: These individuals lack social experience and courage. In a threatening situation, they try to reduce feelings of anxiety by acting in antisocial ways, and they have great needs to control others to feel powerful.

Avoiding type

Adler's major lifestyle types: Such persons lack confidence to solve problems especially crisis situations. They tend to avoid rather than face their problems. They are self-absorbed, engage in daydreaming and create fantasies in which they are always superior.

Getting type

Adler's major lifestyle types: These persons are relatively passive and do not try to solve their own problems.They want other to care for them. They lack confidence and associate with people who can take care of their needs. They also use charm to persuade others to help them.

Dream Analysis

Adler's personality technique: : Determined by his/her goals of superiority. They reflect the person's unconscious attempts to achieve personal goals according to his/her lifestyle.

Early recollections

Adler's personality technique: reports of patients regarding their earliest memories (actual or fantasical) which provided valuable information and insight to their unique lifestyles.

Constructive or destructive

Adler: Superiority can be...

Word Association test

Jung presented his patients with a stimulus word and asked them to respond with whatever word or words came to their minds. Long time meant the more conflict the stimulus might have been to the person.

Sexual instinct

Jung separated from Freud on basis of disagreement on...

Method of Amplification

Jung used this to understand the symbols of dreams. It involves starting with one specific symbol and giving as many associations to it as possible. Multiple meaning of a symbol become clear.

Spiritual needs

Jung was more inclined towards...

Confession

Jung's Therapeutic process: necessary first step in the healing process, because it forces the individual to acknowledge his or her limitations to another. The person also becomes aware of his or her universal ties to humankind, in the sense that all men and women possess certain weaknesses.

Transformation

Jung's Therapeutic process: the dynamic interplay between therapist and patient leads to exciting changes that move beyond adaptation to the environment and toward self-realization.

Education

Jung's Therapeutic process: the person incorporates the insights into his or her personality in order to adapt to the social environment.

Elucidation

Jung's Therapeutic process: the process of understanding this transference, the patient brings to the surface certain contents of the unconscious that the therapist clarifies. Person learns the origin of problems.

Analytical Psychology

Jung's theory of personality to understand human functioning from alchemy and astrology.

Thinking and feeling

Personality functions that are considered rational functions because they involve making judgments about experiences.

Introverted-feeling type

Psychological type characterized as silent and hard to understand with tendency toward being melancholy. Appear unfeeling to other people, in reality they are capable of an intense emotion, originating in the collective unconscious or poetic form.

Extroverted-intuitive type

Psychological type characterized by a keen nose for anything new and in the making. Politicians, merchants, contractors, speculators, and lawyers of this type.

Extroverted-thinking type

Psychological type characterized by a need to make all his/her life activities dependent on intellectual conclusions; outgoing and logically minded people.

Extroverted-sensing type

Psychological type characterized by being primarily reality-oriented and typically does not like thinking and contemplation. Usually outgoing and like enjoyment. Food and physical appearance are important to them. Men more this type.

Introverted-sensing type

Psychological type characterized by intensity of the subject sensation. These people overreact to outside stimuli ad interpret comments from other in bizarre ways.

Introverted-thinking type

Psychological type characterized by sources of thoughts that come from inward, not outward. Due to focus on internal forces, this appears cold, aloof, and inconsiderate of others; lack of social skills.

Extroverted-feeling type

Psychological type characterized in accordance with objective situation and general values. Feelings and behaviors are controlled by social norms and expectations of others. Feelings change from person to person; believed that women were the best example of this type.

Introverted-intuitive type

Psychology type characterized by as estranged from the external reality. They become visionaries and mystics. Hard to understand.

Extroversion

Refers to an outgoing, candid, and accommodating nature.

Personal unconscious

Region next to the ego. Consists of forgotten experiences.

Paleolithic sun wheel

the oldest mandala. Drawing based on the principle of four Mandalas are also found in Buddhism, Taoism, and other Eastern religions. The golden flower is often placed in the center of the mandala.

Intuition personality

Relying of our hunches when we need to deal with strange situation when we have no established facts.

Shadow

Similar to Freud's "id." It represents the dark and evil side of our psyche.

Personal Unconscious

Similar to Freud's unconscious mind.

Fictional finalism

Someone who drops out of college and does not begin a career, but imagines that his/her ultimate goal is to become the president of the United States is engaged in...

Social Interest

Striving for a form of community in which a man has reached the goal of perfection

Oldest child

Type-A child is usually which child?

Youngest child

Type-B is usually which child?

Introversion

A hesitant, retiring nature that keeps to himself/herself.

five

A persons' unique style of life is formed during the first #? years

Painting Therapy

Jung felt this would reveal unconscious feelings and thoughts because it expresses the innermost self creatively.

Self

A unifying force with transcendental function which is a process by which a conflict is resolved by bringing opposing forces into balance with each other through understanding.

Style of life

According to Adler, What refers to the unique ways in which people follow their goals (creative self).

Social feelings and interests

According to Adler, every person is born with...

Superiority

According to Adler, the ultimate goal to attain is...

Inferiority

According to Adler, this is equated with feminine behaviors such as passivity, submissiveness and dependence

Superiority

According to Adler, this is equated with traditionally masculine behaviors such as assertiveness, independence and dominance

Dreams

According to Adler, this reflects a person's unconscious attempt to achieve personal goals.

Organ inferiority, neglect and pampering

According to Adler, what are the three major environmental factors that cause destructive or neurotic life goals.

Society, work, and love

According to Adler, what problems must a person solve in order to function in a psychologically healthy manner?

Individual Psychology

Alfred Adler's school of thought; attempts to understand the experiences and behavior of each person as an organized entity

Persona

Allows people to express innermost feelings in ways acceptable to other people.

Religion and philosophy

Jung had a interest in...

Self-realization

An ideal state and not something to be actually attained. It is the process that is important, not the achievement of the goal. They do not become perfect human beings; they become, instead, what they are destined to become—individuals with unique sets of strengths and limitations.

General life process energy

As oppose to Freud, Jung believed the libido was the...

Symbols

Aspect of the self: Expressed in various religions and occult systems and have multiple meanings.

Mandalas

Aspect of the self: magic circles, found in the writing and art of all cultures. These represent the synthesis or union of opposites within the psyche that occurs when individuals attain self-realization.

Superiority

Basic feelings of inferiority can be overcome by striving towards...

Individuation

Becoming all one is capable of being.

Oldest child

Child that holds the position of authority and is forced to share his/her privileges with other children which may cause resentment or hostility.

Youngest child

Child that is the baby of the family, has the position of love, drawing the attention of the family.

Youngest child

Child that parents are apt to pamper and spoil and become most dependent

Second child

Child that views the older brother or sister as a competition.

Oldest child

Child who wants to rule over others, wishes to establish their position of power on others and become dominant. They usually are superior to other siblings in intellectual achievements.

Self

Consists of consciousness, unconsciousness, whereas ego is only part of the total psyche and consists of consciousness.

Persona

Consists of the role that human beings play in order to meet demands of others.

Principle of opposites

Energy that motivates personality and behavior is derived from the interplay between opposite forces within the psyche.

Anima

Feminine archetype in men such as such as emotion, social sensitivity, moodiness, and irrationality.

Self

Final goal of our striving. Refers to the total psyche or entire personality.

Principle of equivalence

For a quantity of energy expended or consumed an equal quantity of the same or another form of energy will appear somewhere else. Thus, energy is never created nor lost, but simply shift from one region of psyche to another.

Carl Jung

He had an introverted personality

Sigmund Freud

He was fascinated by Jung

Middle child syndrome

If oldest child is unloving and aggressive, second child may develop neurotic feelings and a faulty lifestyle, setting unrealistic high foals which might lead to failure called...

Thinking Personality

Interprets events though reason and logic; gives us the meaning of events that are sensed.

Persona

It is like a mask people wear in different situations that help them hide real selves behind the mask (teacher, friend, daughter, wife).

Psychic Energy

It is real and similar to Freud's libido. Jung believed it is our feelings, thoughts, and behaviors

Dream Analysis

Jung believed this involved involuntary and spontaneous eruptions of repressed materials that are rooted in both the personal and collective unconscious. They are efforts of adjustment, attempts at correcting deficiencies in personality.

The Psyche

Jung believed this was the total personality where energy flows in all directions from unconscious to the conscious and vice versa.

Animus

Masculine archetype in women, such as logic, reason, and social insensitivity.

Sensation and intuition

Personality functions that are considered irrational functions because they involve passively recording experiences without evaluating or interpreting them.

Feeling personality

The emotional part, giving us an evaluation of events by judging whether they are good or bad, acceptable or not. Compassion leads to giving.

Sensing personality

The initial, concrete experience of phenomena without the use of reason. Act without thinking.

Principle of entropy

The process within the psyche where elements of unequal strength seek psychological equilibrium. Thus, energy is automatically disturbed in the psyche in order to achieve equilibrium or balance.

Unconscious and conscious

The shadow relates to both...

Ideal Community

The ultimate goal in Adler's view. It is when each of us seeks to contribute to the welfare of others, we all benefit. Through cooperation, each individual is helped to survive and to grow as a human being.

Typology

Theory of psychological types

Principle of synchronicity

There is an order in the world that has meaning and extends beyond casualty.

Neurosis and psychosis

These occur when a person develops in an unhealthy and threatening environment where repressed forces and unconscious forces take over consciousness.

Collective unconscious

Was lead from Jung's studies. Located deep within the psyche. It includes a start of timeless and eternal world-image and is the storehouse of latent memories of our human and pre-human ancestry. Universal in nature and consists of archetypes.

Guiding self-ideal

What Adler in later years changed the name of fictional finalism to

Masculine protest

What did Adler use to describe compensative behaviors of people compensating weakness by intensive training.

Organ inferiority

When people with defective organs tried to compensate for their weaknesses by intensive training; later included exaggerated strivings caused by feelings of unmanliness.

Youngest child

Which child is prone to alcoholism and addiction?

Pampering

Which environmental factor leads to faulty lifestyles, unrealistic goals, and expecting too much.