Personality Theory exam 2
Therapy
According to Jung, the process by which patients were able, through exploration of their inner lives, to broaden their personalities and to develop a spiritual or religious attitude toward their existence.
Archetypes
According to Jung, these are themes that have existed in all cultures throughout history. They include images that are universal in nature and essentially thought forms or ideas that lead to visions projected into current experiences.
Ego
According to Jung, this is responsible for our feelings of identity and continuity as human beings. It contains the conscious thoughts of our own behavior and feelings, as well as memories of our experiences.
Both parents
Adler believed these could help deal with childhood problems and help shape children's lifestyle
Society
Adler referred to this problem as "communal life" in which we must learn to affirm our fundamental connections to others and must try to build constructive relationships.
Love
Adler referred to this problem as a way to involve cooperation and trust between partners that treat each other equally with dignity and respect.
Work
Adler referred to this problem as a way to learn the skills necessary to function effectively in life, to take responsibility for our actions, and to contribute to society.
Contribution to community
Adler stressed this was the reason for mental health and personal growth.
Faulty or mistaken attitudes
Adler used Individual Psychology to correct what kind of attitudes?
Socially useful type
Adler's major lifestyle type: Most productive and healthy one. People demonstrating this type grow up in families where members are supportive of each other, showing respect and consideration. Such persons do not use aggression; instead they show courage in facing their problems directly.They are confident and prepared to cooperate with others, contribute to the welfare of the society for a better community. They act according to social interests.
Ruling type
Adler's major lifestyle type: These individuals lack social experience and courage. In a threatening situation, they try to reduce feelings of anxiety by acting in antisocial ways, and they have great needs to control others to feel powerful.
Avoiding type
Adler's major lifestyle types: Such persons lack confidence to solve problems especially crisis situations. They tend to avoid rather than face their problems. They are self-absorbed, engage in daydreaming and create fantasies in which they are always superior.
Getting type
Adler's major lifestyle types: These persons are relatively passive and do not try to solve their own problems.They want other to care for them. They lack confidence and associate with people who can take care of their needs. They also use charm to persuade others to help them.
Dream Analysis
Adler's personality technique: : Determined by his/her goals of superiority. They reflect the person's unconscious attempts to achieve personal goals according to his/her lifestyle.
Early recollections
Adler's personality technique: reports of patients regarding their earliest memories (actual or fantasical) which provided valuable information and insight to their unique lifestyles.
Constructive or destructive
Adler: Superiority can be...
Word Association test
Jung presented his patients with a stimulus word and asked them to respond with whatever word or words came to their minds. Long time meant the more conflict the stimulus might have been to the person.
Sexual instinct
Jung separated from Freud on basis of disagreement on...
Method of Amplification
Jung used this to understand the symbols of dreams. It involves starting with one specific symbol and giving as many associations to it as possible. Multiple meaning of a symbol become clear.
Spiritual needs
Jung was more inclined towards...
Confession
Jung's Therapeutic process: necessary first step in the healing process, because it forces the individual to acknowledge his or her limitations to another. The person also becomes aware of his or her universal ties to humankind, in the sense that all men and women possess certain weaknesses.
Transformation
Jung's Therapeutic process: the dynamic interplay between therapist and patient leads to exciting changes that move beyond adaptation to the environment and toward self-realization.
Education
Jung's Therapeutic process: the person incorporates the insights into his or her personality in order to adapt to the social environment.
Elucidation
Jung's Therapeutic process: the process of understanding this transference, the patient brings to the surface certain contents of the unconscious that the therapist clarifies. Person learns the origin of problems.
Analytical Psychology
Jung's theory of personality to understand human functioning from alchemy and astrology.
Thinking and feeling
Personality functions that are considered rational functions because they involve making judgments about experiences.
Introverted-feeling type
Psychological type characterized as silent and hard to understand with tendency toward being melancholy. Appear unfeeling to other people, in reality they are capable of an intense emotion, originating in the collective unconscious or poetic form.
Extroverted-intuitive type
Psychological type characterized by a keen nose for anything new and in the making. Politicians, merchants, contractors, speculators, and lawyers of this type.
Extroverted-thinking type
Psychological type characterized by a need to make all his/her life activities dependent on intellectual conclusions; outgoing and logically minded people.
Extroverted-sensing type
Psychological type characterized by being primarily reality-oriented and typically does not like thinking and contemplation. Usually outgoing and like enjoyment. Food and physical appearance are important to them. Men more this type.
Introverted-sensing type
Psychological type characterized by intensity of the subject sensation. These people overreact to outside stimuli ad interpret comments from other in bizarre ways.
Introverted-thinking type
Psychological type characterized by sources of thoughts that come from inward, not outward. Due to focus on internal forces, this appears cold, aloof, and inconsiderate of others; lack of social skills.
Extroverted-feeling type
Psychological type characterized in accordance with objective situation and general values. Feelings and behaviors are controlled by social norms and expectations of others. Feelings change from person to person; believed that women were the best example of this type.
Introverted-intuitive type
Psychology type characterized by as estranged from the external reality. They become visionaries and mystics. Hard to understand.
Extroversion
Refers to an outgoing, candid, and accommodating nature.
Personal unconscious
Region next to the ego. Consists of forgotten experiences.
Paleolithic sun wheel
the oldest mandala. Drawing based on the principle of four Mandalas are also found in Buddhism, Taoism, and other Eastern religions. The golden flower is often placed in the center of the mandala.
Intuition personality
Relying of our hunches when we need to deal with strange situation when we have no established facts.
Shadow
Similar to Freud's "id." It represents the dark and evil side of our psyche.
Personal Unconscious
Similar to Freud's unconscious mind.
Fictional finalism
Someone who drops out of college and does not begin a career, but imagines that his/her ultimate goal is to become the president of the United States is engaged in...
Social Interest
Striving for a form of community in which a man has reached the goal of perfection
Oldest child
Type-A child is usually which child?
Youngest child
Type-B is usually which child?
Introversion
A hesitant, retiring nature that keeps to himself/herself.
five
A persons' unique style of life is formed during the first #? years
Painting Therapy
Jung felt this would reveal unconscious feelings and thoughts because it expresses the innermost self creatively.
Self
A unifying force with transcendental function which is a process by which a conflict is resolved by bringing opposing forces into balance with each other through understanding.
Style of life
According to Adler, What refers to the unique ways in which people follow their goals (creative self).
Social feelings and interests
According to Adler, every person is born with...
Superiority
According to Adler, the ultimate goal to attain is...
Inferiority
According to Adler, this is equated with feminine behaviors such as passivity, submissiveness and dependence
Superiority
According to Adler, this is equated with traditionally masculine behaviors such as assertiveness, independence and dominance
Dreams
According to Adler, this reflects a person's unconscious attempt to achieve personal goals.
Organ inferiority, neglect and pampering
According to Adler, what are the three major environmental factors that cause destructive or neurotic life goals.
Society, work, and love
According to Adler, what problems must a person solve in order to function in a psychologically healthy manner?
Individual Psychology
Alfred Adler's school of thought; attempts to understand the experiences and behavior of each person as an organized entity
Persona
Allows people to express innermost feelings in ways acceptable to other people.
Religion and philosophy
Jung had a interest in...
Self-realization
An ideal state and not something to be actually attained. It is the process that is important, not the achievement of the goal. They do not become perfect human beings; they become, instead, what they are destined to become—individuals with unique sets of strengths and limitations.
General life process energy
As oppose to Freud, Jung believed the libido was the...
Symbols
Aspect of the self: Expressed in various religions and occult systems and have multiple meanings.
Mandalas
Aspect of the self: magic circles, found in the writing and art of all cultures. These represent the synthesis or union of opposites within the psyche that occurs when individuals attain self-realization.
Superiority
Basic feelings of inferiority can be overcome by striving towards...
Individuation
Becoming all one is capable of being.
Oldest child
Child that holds the position of authority and is forced to share his/her privileges with other children which may cause resentment or hostility.
Youngest child
Child that is the baby of the family, has the position of love, drawing the attention of the family.
Youngest child
Child that parents are apt to pamper and spoil and become most dependent
Second child
Child that views the older brother or sister as a competition.
Oldest child
Child who wants to rule over others, wishes to establish their position of power on others and become dominant. They usually are superior to other siblings in intellectual achievements.
Self
Consists of consciousness, unconsciousness, whereas ego is only part of the total psyche and consists of consciousness.
Persona
Consists of the role that human beings play in order to meet demands of others.
Principle of opposites
Energy that motivates personality and behavior is derived from the interplay between opposite forces within the psyche.
Anima
Feminine archetype in men such as such as emotion, social sensitivity, moodiness, and irrationality.
Self
Final goal of our striving. Refers to the total psyche or entire personality.
Principle of equivalence
For a quantity of energy expended or consumed an equal quantity of the same or another form of energy will appear somewhere else. Thus, energy is never created nor lost, but simply shift from one region of psyche to another.
Carl Jung
He had an introverted personality
Sigmund Freud
He was fascinated by Jung
Middle child syndrome
If oldest child is unloving and aggressive, second child may develop neurotic feelings and a faulty lifestyle, setting unrealistic high foals which might lead to failure called...
Thinking Personality
Interprets events though reason and logic; gives us the meaning of events that are sensed.
Persona
It is like a mask people wear in different situations that help them hide real selves behind the mask (teacher, friend, daughter, wife).
Psychic Energy
It is real and similar to Freud's libido. Jung believed it is our feelings, thoughts, and behaviors
Dream Analysis
Jung believed this involved involuntary and spontaneous eruptions of repressed materials that are rooted in both the personal and collective unconscious. They are efforts of adjustment, attempts at correcting deficiencies in personality.
The Psyche
Jung believed this was the total personality where energy flows in all directions from unconscious to the conscious and vice versa.
Animus
Masculine archetype in women, such as logic, reason, and social insensitivity.
Sensation and intuition
Personality functions that are considered irrational functions because they involve passively recording experiences without evaluating or interpreting them.
Feeling personality
The emotional part, giving us an evaluation of events by judging whether they are good or bad, acceptable or not. Compassion leads to giving.
Sensing personality
The initial, concrete experience of phenomena without the use of reason. Act without thinking.
Principle of entropy
The process within the psyche where elements of unequal strength seek psychological equilibrium. Thus, energy is automatically disturbed in the psyche in order to achieve equilibrium or balance.
Unconscious and conscious
The shadow relates to both...
Ideal Community
The ultimate goal in Adler's view. It is when each of us seeks to contribute to the welfare of others, we all benefit. Through cooperation, each individual is helped to survive and to grow as a human being.
Typology
Theory of psychological types
Principle of synchronicity
There is an order in the world that has meaning and extends beyond casualty.
Neurosis and psychosis
These occur when a person develops in an unhealthy and threatening environment where repressed forces and unconscious forces take over consciousness.
Collective unconscious
Was lead from Jung's studies. Located deep within the psyche. It includes a start of timeless and eternal world-image and is the storehouse of latent memories of our human and pre-human ancestry. Universal in nature and consists of archetypes.
Guiding self-ideal
What Adler in later years changed the name of fictional finalism to
Masculine protest
What did Adler use to describe compensative behaviors of people compensating weakness by intensive training.
Organ inferiority
When people with defective organs tried to compensate for their weaknesses by intensive training; later included exaggerated strivings caused by feelings of unmanliness.
Youngest child
Which child is prone to alcoholism and addiction?
Pampering
Which environmental factor leads to faulty lifestyles, unrealistic goals, and expecting too much.