pharm

Ganglia

Axons from the CNS neurons end in which structure?

heat stroke related to decreased perspiration.

Because of the systemic effects of anticholinergic drugs, patients using these drugs are more susceptible to

To record episodes of hypoglycemia for review by the home care nurse

A 35-year-old diabetic is being discharged home to recover after being hospitalized after an episode of diabetic ketoacidosis. The patient is being discharged home on a beta-adrenergic blocking agent and is to have home care follow-up. As the discharging nurse, what would be important to include in this patient's discharge teaching?

"Some beta-blockers have been approved as antianginal agents."

A 75-year-old male client is being treated for angina. He was started on nadolol, a beta blocker, but the client questions this, asking, "Why am I taking a blood pressure pill if I don't have high blood pressure?" What is the nurse's best response?"

Perform a blood sugar analysis.

A client diagnosed with type 1 diabetes suddenly reports feeling weak, shaky, and dizzy. What should be the nurses first reponse

Ensure consistent, adequate fluid intake

A client has just begun to take a prescribed diuretic and the nurse has taught the client about the phenomenon of fluid rebound. How should the nurse teach the client to avoid this complication?

The patch's effectiveness will last about 72 hours."

A client is going on a company-sponsored deep-sea fishing trip in 2 weeks. He presents to the clinic requesting a scopolamine patch because he is afraid that he will get seasick. What should the nurse teach the client about the use of this medication?

Via an electric infusion pump, by itself, and titrated to desired systolic blood pressure

A client is in shock and is receiving dopamine. The nurse knows that the proper way dopamine should be given is by what method?

"Most side effects occur in the gastrointestinal system."

A client is worried about taking a new cholinergic medication. The client wants to know in what body system most of the side effects occur. What would be a correct response by the nurse?

The different onsets and peaks of the two types provide better overall glucose control."

A client with type 1 diabetes has been prescribed 12 units of regular insulin and 34 units of NPH insulin in the morning. How should the nurse explain why two different types of insulin are required to control the client's blood glucose?

It decreases intestinal absorption of glucose and improves insulin sensitivity.

A female client is prescribed metformin to decrease her blood glucose levels associated with diabetes mellitus type 2. Which statement accurately describes the action of metformin?

Painful urination

A male client is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, asthmatic bronchitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and hyperlipidemia. He takes an adrenergic medication as part of his daily drug regimen. As part of his education plan, the nurse would teach the client to observe for which signs and symptoms?

Avoid an excessive intake of citrus fruits.

A nurse is required to care for a patient receiving the anti-infective methenamine for the treatment of chronic bacterial UTIs on an outpatient basis. What instruction should the nurse provide the patient related to the administration of the methenamine drug in the patient teaching plan?

Adrenergic agonists can be used for varied indications across the lifespan

A nurse is reviewing the therapeutic use of adrenergic agonists. When reviewing their use in clients of differing ages, what principle should guide the nurse's actions?

Acetylcholin

A patient exercises for 30 minutes today. The client has not been on an exercise regimen for many years. The exercise will result in what autonomic neurotransmitter to be released?

Administer midodrine during the day

A patient has been prescribed midodrine. Which of the following interventions should the nurse perform to ensure that the patient doesn't develop supine hypertension?

Apply the drug to the dry area of the hip, abdomen, or buttocks.

A patient has been prescribed oxybutynin for the treatment of an overactive bladder. What instruction should a nurse provide if the patient wishes to use the transdermal form of the drug

Dopamine

A patient is experiencing shock and is extremely hypotensive. Which of the following would the nurse expect as the drug to most likely be given?

Blood in stool

A patient receiving neostigmine uses naproxen for relief of low back pain. The nurse would caution the patient to report

Mechanism of Action

A thiazide diuretic, hydrochlorothiazide promotes the movement of sodium (Na*), chloride (CH-), and water (H20) from blood in the peritubular capillaries into the nephron's distal convoluted tubule, as shown at right. Initially, hydrochlorothiazide may decrease extracellular fluid volume, plasma volume, and cardiac output, which helps explain blood pressure reduction. It also may rèduce blopd pressure by causing direct dilation of arteries. After several weeks, extracellular fluid volume, plasma volume, and cardiac output return to normal, and peripheral vascular resistance remains decreased

The medullary nephrons are able to concentrate or dilute urine.

After reviewing the structure of the kidneys, the students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which of the following?

Hypertension

After teaching a group of students about direct acting cholinergic agonists, the instructor determines that additional teaching is necessary when students identify which of the following as an adverse effect?

Up to 3 mg/kg daily

Dosage: Children under 6 Months

Patients with renal function impairment

For which category of patients should the nurse take precautions when administering anti-adrenergic drugs?

Hydrochlorothiazide acts on the distal convoluted tubules and inhibits the sodium chloride co-transporter system. This action leads to a diuretic action and loss of potassium in the urine.

Hydrochlorothiazide works by what mechanism of action?

Norepinephrine

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is an enzyme that breaks down which neurotransmitter?

Sweat glands

Muscarinic receptors would be found most likely at which location?

Thiazide diuretics

The class of diuretics that act to block the chloride pump in the distal convoluted tubules and leads to a loss of sodium and potassium and a minor loss of water is what?

Muscarinic

The nurse administers a dose of carbachol to an ophthalmologic client. When assessing this client for drug effects, the nurse would expect to see effects arising from stimulation of what receptors?

hyperglycemia and glycosuria

The nurse educator works at the diabetes clinic. When talking to a class of adolescent diabetics, the educator tells the students that the most recognized signs of diabetes are:

Blood pressure of patient

The nurse has just administered 150 g of mannitol IV to a patient with increased intracranial pressure. What is most important for the nurse to monitor in the hour after administration?

photophobia

The nurse is assessing a patient who is receiving clonidine. Which might the nurse note?

Insulin

The nurse is caring for a pregnant patient diagnosed with pregnancy-induced diabetes. What antidiabetic agent is best suited for administration to this patient?

BP: 200/100 mmHg; HR 110

The nurse is caring for client that suddenly stopped taking a chronically prescribed beta-adrenergic blocking drug prescribed for hypertension. The client's blood pressure (BP) ranged from 110/70 to 130/70 mmHg and heart rate (HR) ranged 60 to 90 beats per minute while taking the drug. The nurse would predict which assessment findings to support the expected beta-adrenergic responsiveness?

Take it with food or milk

The nurse is counseling a client who has been prescribed nitrofurantoin for treatment of a urinary tract infection. What should the nurse teach the client specific to timing of this medication?

destroy any bacteria that may enter

The nurse is describing the need to maintain the acidity of urine based on the understanding that this is necessary to

Filtration Secretion Reabsorption

The nurse is teaching a renal client about the processes involved

Hypertension

The nurse understands that older clients taking anticholinergic drugs are more likely to have all of the following symptoms EXCEPT

Impotence

The nurse would inform the client about what possible side effect when dutasteride is given?

Distal convoluted tubule

The students are learning about maintaining electrolytes in the body by actions within the kidney. Where do the students learn the fine-tuning of potassium levels occurs?

Cardiac bradydysrhythmia

Understanding that beta-blockers are used mainly for cardiovascular disorders, which is not an indication for beta-blocker use?

Body weight

What sign is most indicative of dehydration in a patient taking diuretics?

Dyspnea

What would the nurse expect to assess in a cent receiving an alpha- and beta-adrenergic.agonist?

They occupy receptor sites for acetylcholine.

Which best reflects the action of direct acting cholinergic agonists?

Alpha-adrenergic receptor

Which receptor is responsible for increasing blood pressure?

The neurotransmitter at the sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia is acetylcholine. Sympathetic neurons release NE and parasympathetic neurons release ACh in the effector cells. Afferent neurons carry signals from the periphery to the CNS.

Which statements are correct regarding the autonomic nervous system receptors

a. Auscultating bowel sounds b. Monitoring urine output c. Monitoring heart rate

Which would be important to perform for a client who has received an anticholergenic agent

Metabolic acidosis

Which would the nurse expect to find in a client receiving acetazolamide?

Negative, Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

blood calcium levels are increased by

Digoxin toxicity.

client has been prescribed both digoxin and furosemide. The nurse should monitor the client for development of what adverse effect?

increased blood pressure

client with hypertension is to receive an anticholinergic agent. The nurse would be especially alert for

renin

nurse is caring for a client whose blood pressure is 90/49 mm Hg. This client's kidneys will compensate by secreting

Sinus bradycardia

teaching a group of students about beta-] selective blockers, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which of the following as a contradiction for using this group of drugs?

Myasthenia gravis

À nurse should not administer solifenacin (Vesicare) to a patient with which medical condition?