Pharm Midterm

A life-threatening non-predictable reaction such as anaphylactic response to penicillin is an example of a(n):

Adverse reaction

Which of the following antiarrhythmic drugs is a class II beta-adrenergic antagonist?

Atenolol

Explain the pharmacologic actions of bupropion

Bupropion inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine

The use of midazolam for pre-operative sedation and induction would be contraindicated in a patient with:

COPD

Describe the type of information that should be given to a newly diagnosed angina patient about sublingual nitroglycerin:

Carry the prescribed at all times

Blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system would have which of the following results?

Decreased blood volume

Which of the following is a common side effect of potassium channel blocker amiodarone?

Dizziness

Schizophrenia can be treated with haloperidol which acts as a:

Dopamine antagonist

The most common side effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors such as lisinopril is:

Dry cough

Weight loss is a common side effect of:

Duloxetine

Which of the following is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)?

Fluoxetine

The indication for protamine is to reverse the effects of:

Heparin

Which of the following is prophylactically used to prevent clots?

Heparin

Select the adverse effect of acetaminophen overdose:

Hepatoxicity

Lupus is a contraindication to the use of:

Hydralazine

Activation of the RAA system would have which of the following results?

Increased blood pressure

Which of the drugs below slows down the breakdown of acetylcholine?

Neostigmine

In pharmacology, OTC refers to:

Over the counter

A specific location where a drug binds to some chemical structure located on the outer cell membrane or within the cell itself is called the:

Receptor site

Albuterol is a bronchodilator that works by relaxing smooth muscles due to its action as a:

Selective beta 2 agonist

Patient that can not tolerate thiazide diuretics because of electrolyte imbalances, particularly of potassium, can use the following drug in combination:

Spironolactone

The use of morphine for severe pain would be contraindicated in a patient with:

Status asthmaticus

Electrolytes enter and leave cells through:

Transmembrane ion channels

Class 3 antiarrhythmic drugs (e.g, amiodarone) block:

Voltage-gated K+ channels

Which of the following is less potent:

C

Antiarrhythmic drug primarily affect the activity of the following ion channels except:

CI-

Which of the following would be indicated for angina?

Calcium channel blockers

Which of the following would be ideal for Long-term anti-inflammatory use?

Celecoxib

Explain the underlying principle of monoamine theory of mental depression:

Decrease in levels of norepinephrine and serotonin, referred to chemically as the monoamines, leads to depression.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor drugs will:

Decrease the quantity of angiotensin II

The benzodiazepine of choice for status epilepticus is:

Diazepam

If the serum levels of digoxin for a client are in the toxic range above 3 ng/ml, the nurse understands that the reversal agent would be:

Digibind

The dose that produces an effect that is half of the maximal response is referred to as the:

Effective dose 50, or ED50

Explain the reason why local anesthetics that are given by injection occasionally contain epinephrine:

Epinephrine counteracts the vasodilation that occurs with local anesthetic use

No safety concerns were demonstrated in animals that received Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna or Janssen vaccination data in pregnant women are insufficient. Which category would most likely describe this vaccine?

FDA Pregnancy Category B

If the potential benefits of blood pressure medications warrant their use during pregnancy despite known and demonstrated adverse risks to the fetus, the drug would be designated as:

FDA Pregnancy Category D

If the potential benefits of blood pressure medications warrant their use during pregnancy, despite known and demonstrated adverse risks to the fetus, the drug would be designated as:

FDA Pregnancy category D

Levothyroxine does not cross the placenta barrier to affect first trimester fetal development, and there is no evidence of risk in later trimesters. It is designated as:

FDA pregnancy category A

All hormones are contraindicated during pregnancy and should be notified to the physician immediately for appropriate discontinuation. This means they are designated as:

FDA pregnancy category X

Inhibition of serotonin uptake into the presynaptic endings is the mechanism of action for:

Fluoxetine

The nurse recognizes which of the following as indicated for hypercholesterolemia:

Gemfibrozil

Select the contributing factor that leads to physical dependency while taking barbiturates:

Greater therapeutic dosages for an extended amount of time

A client who has kidney disease may:

Have impaired ability to excrete drugs

Photosensitivity is a side effect of:

Hydrochlorothiazide

Which of the following symptoms is associated with the excessive release of aldosterone?

Hypertension

The nurse knows that hydrochlorothiazide is indicated for the following indications. Select all that apply:

Hypertension, edema

A potential adverse effect of thiazide diuretics is:

Hypokalemia

Identify the most common side effect of decongestant use:

Irritation of the nasal sinuses or eye due to excess dryness

The following medication is classified as a class 1 Na+ channel blocker anti-dysrhythmic:

Lidocaine

Absorption of drug mostly depends on:

Lipid solubility

Which of the following can be given for opioid addiction because it relieves narcotic craving, but block euphoric effects:

Methadone

Concurrent use of eractile dysfunction (PDE-5 inhibitor) drugs is contraindicated for:

Nitroglycerin

A nurse leading a medication support group, states that haloperidol is contraindicated in which clinical situation?

Parkinson's disease, because it blocks dopamine receptors

The pharmacological effects of buprenorphine, used for the treatment of morphine addiction, are due to it's action as a/an:

Partial opioid agonist

The nurse knows that this monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) prevents the breakdown of amine neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin and is indicated for Parkinson's disease and depression:

Phenelzine

A potential adverse reaction that can occur with K+ channel blocker amiodarone is:

Pulmonary fibrosis

Which of the following are expected upon activation of the sympathetic nervous system:

Pupil dilation

What would be the instructions for a patient taking warfarin?

Report blood in urine, use a soft toothbrush.

While the most effective at lowering LDL levels, statins have an adverse reaction of:

Rhabdomyolysis

Select a condition that would be a contraindication for dronabinol during cancer chemotherapy:

Schizophrenia

The best definition of pharmacology would be:

Study of drug action and drug effects

To help with muscle relaxation for tracheal intubation, your patient would likely receive IV infusion of:

Succinylcholine

What substance is produced first in blood clot formation?

Thrombin

Which of the following would be used as a clot-buster, with no prophylactic action?

Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)

Levodopa-carbidopa use is delayed in the beginning stages of Parkinson's disease:

To avoid the development of movement disorders that develop over time

Nitric oxide regulates smooth muscle contraction because it is potent:

Vasodilator

An oral anticoagulant designated by the FDA as "pregnancy category X" because it can cross the placenta barrier is:

Warfarin

Naloxone prevents the effects of morphine overdose at the opioid receptor by acting as a(n)

antagonist

Local anesthetics work by:

blocking sodium channels

A drug that only binds to one receptor shows

selectivity

Electrolytes enter and leave cells through:

transmembrane ion channels

Clinically antidepressant activity can be seen in a client:

After 4-8 weeks

Hydralazine is indicated for severe hypertension mainly by acting as a/an:

Arterial vasodilator

Insecticide poisoning stimulates cholinergic (muscarinic) receptors. The antidote for a cholinergic crisis is:

Atropine

therapeutic dosing seeks to maintain a peak plasma concentration that is:

Blow toxic level and above minimally effective dose

The direct arterial vasodilator, Hydralazine, decreases blood pressure and reduces -

Afterload

Drug X binds and activated receptor X. Drug X is classified as a(n):

Agonist

Spironolactone produces its potassium-sparing diuretic by acting as a(n):

Aldosterone receptor antagonist

A Hypersensitivity reaction is also called a(n):

Allergic reaction

Losartan is a(n):

Angiotensin II Receptor antagonist