Pharm question

b. "Increasing fluid and fiber in your diet can help prevent the side effect of constipation."

A client who takes clonidine (Catapres) is to be discharged to home. Which instruction will the nurse include when teaching this client? a. "Your blood pressure should be checked by a health care provider at least once a year."b. "Increasing fluid and fiber in your diet can help prevent the side effect of constipation."c. "Intense exercise or prolonged standing is not a problem with clonidine as it can be with other antihypertensive agents."d. "If you are having difficulty with the common side effect of drooling, notify your health care provider so your dosage can be adjusted."

Correct Answer: A. Urine specific gravity 1.035 Oliguria, an increased urine concentration, and an increased urine specific gravity greater than 1.030 are expected findings in clients who are dehydrated.

A nurse in an outpatient facility is assessing a client who is prescribed furosemide 40 mg daily. The client reports taking extra doses to promote weight loss. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the client is dehydrated? A. Urine specific gravity 1.035 B. Distended neck veins C. BUN 18 mg/dL D. Bounding radial pulses

Correct Answer: A. Administer the medication into the client's abdomen The heparin should be administered into the client's abdomen.

A nurse is administering subcutaneous heparin to a client who is at risk for deep vein thrombosis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Administer the medication into the client's abdomen B. Inject the medication into a muscle C. Massage the site after administering the medication D. Use a 22-gauge needle to administer the medication

✔Correct answer B. Nitroglycerin

A nurse is admitting a client who has unstable angina. Which of the following medications should the nurse anticipate administering to the client? A. Epinephrine B. Nitroglycerin C. Lidocaine D. Atropine

Correct Answer: A. Hypokalemia Furosemide can cause the loss of potassium, sodium, calcium, and magnesium. Manifestations of hypokalemia can include shallow respirations, muscle weakness, lethargy, and ectopic heartbeats.

A nurse is assessing a client who has heart failure and is taking daily furosemide. The client's apical pulse is weak and irregular. The nurse should identify these findings as manifestations of which of the following electrolyte imbalances? A. Hypokalemia B. Hypophosphatemia C. Hypercalcemia D. Hypermagnesemia

Correct Answer: B. Diuresis The nurse should identify that furosemide is a high-ceiling loop diuretic indicated for the treatment of clients who have severe renal impairment such as acute glomerulonephritis. Furosemide blocks the reabsorption of sodium and chloride, thereby preventing the reabsorption of water. Diuresis is a therapeutic response to the administration of furosemide.

A nurse is caring for a client who has acute glomerulonephritis and a prescription for furosemide. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following therapeutic effects of this medication? A. Hypotension B. Diuresis C. Increased blood glucose level D. Weight gain

Correct Answer: C. Tinnitus Loop diuretics such as furosemide can cause ototoxicity. The client should be taught to notify the provider if tinnitus, a full feeling in the ears, or hearing loss occurs.

A nurse is caring for a client who has heart failure and is taking oral furosemide 40 mg daily. For which of the following adverse effects should the client be taught to monitor and notify the provider if it occurs? A. Nasal congestion B. Tremors C. Tinnitus D. Frontal headache Check Answer Question Feedback Close Explanation

Correct Answer: D. Enoxaparin The nurse should anticipate the administration of enoxaparin for a client who is 12 hours postoperative following surgery. Enoxaparin is low-molecular-weight (LMW) heparin that is used to prevent a DVT by inhibiting the effects of antithrombin and thrombin.

A nurse is caring for a client who is 12 hours postoperative following a total hip arthroplasty. Which of following medications should the nurse anticipate administering to this client to prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT)? A. Aspirin B. Warfarin C. Ticagrelor D. Enoxaparin

Correct Answer: A. Undiluted administered over 2 min The nurse should plan to administer low-dose furosemide therapy (e.g. 40 mg undiluted via IV bolus) at a rate of 20 mg/min or a dose of 40 mg over 2 min.

A nurse is caring for a client who is developing acute pulmonary edema and has a new prescription for furosemide 40 mg IV bolus. The nurse should plan to administer the medication using which of the following methods? A. Undiluted administered over 2 min B. Diluted administered over 20 min C. Undiluted administered as rapidly as possible D. Diluted administered over 5 min

✔Correct answer D INR 3.0

A nurse is caring for a client who is taking warfarin. Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse recognize as an effective response to the medication? A. Hct 45% B. Hgb 15 g/dL C. aPTT 35 seconds D. INR 3.0

Correct Answer: C. Nitroglycerin The nurse should identify the need to administer nitroglycerin, which is used to treat angina. Nitroglycerin acts directly on vascular smooth muscle to promote vasodilation.

A nurse is caring for a client who reports crushing chest pain. The nurse reviews the client's ECG results and notes ST changes. Which of the following medications should the nurse administer? A. Simvastatin B. Furosemide C. Nitroglycerin D. Sildenafil

C. Vitamin K

A nurse is caring for a client who takes warfarin 2.5 mg PO daily and has an INR of 6.2. The nurse should anticipate a prescription from the provider for which of the following medications? A. Protamine sulfate B. Fondaparinux C. Vitamin K D. Bivalirudin

Correct Answer: C. 3 oz grilled chicken, 1 cup of pear slices, and 120 mL (4 oz) of apple juice A child who has glomerulonephritis has moderate sodium restriction, and further restriction is given to foods that are high in potassium for children who have decreased urinary output. These restrictions are because the kidneys of these children are not functioning appropriately. This menu option consists of 571 g of potassium and 268 g of sodium.

A nurse is caring for a school-age child who has glomerulonephritis. The child has decreased urinary output and a blood pressure of 160/78 mmHg and is receiving hydralazine. Which of the following lunch choices should the nurse recommend? A. 1 hot dog, 22 potato chips, and 120 mL (4 oz) of orange juice B. 1 sandwich with lettuce, tomato, and 4 slices of bacon; a small apple; and 240 mL (8 oz) of milk C. 3 oz grilled chicken, 1 cup of pear slices, and 120 mL (4 oz) of apple juice D. 1 cup of cottage cheese, a small banana, and 240 mL (8 oz) of soda Check Answer Question Feedback Show Explanation

Correct Answer: A. Infuse the heparin using an electronic IV pump The nurse should administer heparin using an electronic IV pump, rather than by gravity, to prevent an accidental increase or change in the rate of infusion.

A nurse is planning care for a client with thrombophlebitis who has a prescription to receive heparin via continuous IV infusion. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the plan of care? A. Infuse the heparin using an electronic IV pump B. Administer vitamin K if the client has indications of hemorrhage C. Adjust the dosage of heparin based on the client's PT levels D. Inform the client that the heparin will dissolve the thrombus

✔Correct answer A. Epoetin alfa often causes hypertension, which can lead to stroke or other cardiovascular complications. The nurse should monitor the client's blood pressure and notify the provider about increases. A client who receives epoetin alfa frequently requires concurrent use of an antihypertensive medication.

A nurse is planning to administer epoetin alfa to a client who has chronic kidney failure. Which of the following should the nurse plan to review prior to administering this medication? A. Blood pressure B. Temperature C. Blood glucose levels D. Total protein level

Correct Answer: A. Hypotension Nitroglycerin is a coronary vasodilator and antianginal agent. A major adverse effect of this medication is hypotension; therefore, blood pressure and pulse must be monitored before and after administration.

A nurse is preparing to administer a sublingual nitroglycerin tablet to a client who is reporting chest pain. For which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor after giving this medication? A. Hypotension B. Myalgia C. Diarrhea D. Ototoxicity

A. Hypotension---Nitroglycerin is a coronary vasodilator and antianginal agent. A major adverse effect of this medication is hypotension; therefore, blood pressure and pulse must be monitored before and after administration.

A nurse is preparing to administer a sublingual nitroglycerin tablet to a client who is reporting chest pain. For which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor after giving this medication?a. Hypotensionb. Myalgiac. Diarrhead. Ototoxicity

Correct Answer: B. Apply the ointment using a dose-measuring applicator The nurse should apply the ointment using a dose-measuring applicator. This allows the nurse to measure the correct dose the client is to receive.

A nurse is preparing to administer nitroglycerin topical ointment to a client who has angina. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Cover the applied ointment with cotton gauze B. Apply the ointment using a dose-measuring applicator C. Apply the ointment using the index finger D. Massage the ointment into the client's skin

Correct Answer: A. "Verapamil is used to treat both high blood pressure and angina." Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker that is used for both hypertension and anginal pain because of its ability to dilate arteries and decrease afterload.

A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has angina pectoris and a new prescription for verapamil. The client tells the nurse, "My brother takes verapamil for high blood pressure. Do you think the provider made a mistake?" Which of the following responses should the nurse make? A. "Verapamil is used to treat both high blood pressure and angina." B. "You should talk to your provider to make sure the prescription is correct for you." C. "Are you concerned that you might have high blood pressure?" D. "Your provider has prescribed verapamil so that you will not develop high blood pressure."

Correct Answer: D. "I will eat fruits and vegetables that have a high potassium content every day." Hypokalemia is an adverse effect of diuretic therapy. Because the client is taking digoxin, it is important to maintain a potassium level between 3.5 to 5.0 mg/dL to avoid digoxin toxicity.

A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has heart failure and a prescription for digoxin 0.125 mg PO daily and furosemide 20 mg PO daily. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. "I know that blurred vision is expected to happen while I'm taking digoxin." B. "I will measure my urine output each day and document it in my diary." C. "I will skip a dose of my digoxin if my resting heart rate is below 72 beats per minute." D. "I will eat fruits and vegetables that have a high potassium content every day."

✔Correct answer C C. "Use a soft toothbrush to brush your teeth gently." An adverse effect of heparin therapy is an increased risk of bleeding. The client should use a soft toothbrush to prevent trauma and bleeding.

A nurse is providing education about continuous heparin therapy for a client who is 18 hours postpartum and has developed a deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching? A. "An adverse effect of this medication is drowsiness." B. "This medication will require frequent monitoring of WBC levels."C. "Use a soft toothbrush to brush your teeth gently." D. "Avoid taking acetaminophen while receiving this medication."

A. Take the medication with food. The client should take hydrochlorothiazide with or after meals to prevent GI upset

A nurse is providing information to a client who has a new prescription for hydrochlorothiazide. Which of the following information should the nurse include? A. Take the medication with foodB. Plan to take the medication at bedtimeC. Expect increased swelling of the anklesD. Fluid intake should be limited in the morning

✔Correct answer D D. "I need to rotate the location of my patch every few days.

A nurse is providing teaching for a client who has a new prescription for nitroglycerin administered through a transdermal patch. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. "I need to wear the patch continuously for it to be effective." B. "I will stop using the patch immediately if it gives me a headache." C. "I should change the patch whenever I have chest pain." D. "I need to rotate the location of my patch every few days.

Correct Answer: D. "I need to rotate the location of my patch every few days." The nitroglycerin patch should be rotated to different hairless areas of the client's body every few days to avoid local skin irritation.

A nurse is providing teaching for a client who has a new prescription for nitroglycerin administered through a transdermal patch. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. "I need to wear the patch continuously for it to be effective." B. "I will stop using the patch immediately if it gives me a headache." C. "I should change the patch whenever I have chest pain." D. "I need to rotate the location of my patch every few days."

Correct Answer: D. "Take hydrochlorothiazide in the morning." The client should take hydrochlorothiazide in the morning to allow for diuresis during the day and to prevent nocturia.

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new prescription for hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg PO daily to treat hypertension. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? A. "Take hydrochlorothiazide as needed for edema." B. "Check your weight once each week." C. "Take hydrochlorothiazide on an empty stomach." D. "Take hydrochlorothiazide in the morning." Check Answer Question Feedback Show Explanation Previous Next Questions List ▼

Correct Answer: C. Promotes RBC production Epoetin alfa stimulates erythropoiesis in the bone marrow to increase RBC production and reduce anemia. Anemia is common in clients who have chronic kidney failure since erythropoietin is produced by the kidney.

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has chronic kidney failure with an AV fistula for hemodialysis and a new prescription for epoetin alfa. Which of the following therapeutic effects of epoetin alfa should the nurse include in the teaching? A. Reduces blood pressure B. Inhibits clotting of fistula C. Promotes RBC production D. Stimulates growth of neutrophils

correct Answer: D. Avoid driving until the client's reaction to the medication is known. Clonidine can cause drowsiness, weakness, sedation, and other CNS effects. Until the client's response to the medication is known, the nurse should instruct the client to avoid driving or handling other potentially hazardous equipment. Over time, these effects are likely to decrease.

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has hypertension and a new prescription for oral clonidine. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? A. Discontinue the medication if a rash develops. B. Expect increased salivation during the first few weeks of therapy. C. Minimize fiber intake to prevent diarrhea. D. Avoid driving until the client's reaction to the medication is known.

Correct Answer: D. "This medication can cause a loss of potassium." Hydrochlorothiazide can result in hypokalemia caused by excessive potassium excretion from the kidneys. The client should supplement his diet with potassium-rich foods to avoid the occurrence of hypokalemia. Foods that are high in potassium include bananas, raisins, baked potatoes, pumpkins, and milk.

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who is scheduled to start taking hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension. The nurse instructs the client to eat foods that are rich in potassium. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. "This medication will not work unless I have enough potassium." B. "Potassium will increase the therapeutic effect of my blood pressure medication." C. "Potassium will lower my blood pressure." D. "This medication can cause a loss of potassium."

Correct Answer: C. "You should eat foods that are high in potassium while taking this medication." The nurse should instruct this client who has a prescription for furosemide to consume foods that are high in potassium. Furosemide is a high-ceiling loop diuretic that depletes potassium, sodium, chloride, magnesium, and water.

A nurse is providing teaching to a client with a new diagnosis of heart failure who has a prescription for furosemide. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching? A. "You can take ibuprofen for headaches while taking this medication." B. "You may experience increased swelling in your lower extremities while taking this medication." C. "You should eat foods that are high in potassium while taking this medication." D. "You should take this medication at bedtime."

Correct Answer: B. "I can expect my child to be drowsy while taking this medication." The nurse should instruct the guardian that clonidine can cause adverse effects like somnolence, fatigue, and hypotension.

A nurse is providing teaching to the guardian of a school-aged child who has ADHD and a new prescription for clonidine. Which of the following statements by the guardian indicates an understanding of the teaching?

✔Correct answer B An aPTT of 90 seconds is outside the expected reference range of 60 to 80 seconds, which can cause anticoagulation. The nurse should contact the provider, reduce the infusion rate, and assess the client for bleeding.

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory values of a client who is receiving a continuous IV heparin infusion and has an aPTT of 90 sec. Which of the following actions should the nurse prepare to take? A. Administer vitamin K B. Reduce the infusion rate C. Give the client a low-dose aspirin D. Request an INR

Correct Answer: C. Diabetes insipidus A thiazide diuretic such as HCTZ is administered to treat diabetes insipidus. Diabetes insipidus is a condition in which there is an overproduction of urine. Thiazides reduce urine production by 30% to 50%.

A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who is receiving hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ). The nurse should expect to find an improvement in which of the following conditions as a result of this medication? xIncorrect answer A A. Gouty arthritis B. Dehydration C. Diabetes insipidus D. Hypokalemia Check Answer

Correct Answer: D. Furosemide Furosemide can cause ototoxicity, especially in an older adult client, due to a decrease in medication metabolism in the kidneys. The nurse should monitor clients taking ototoxic medications and teach the client about the symptoms of ototoxicity, such as tinnitus and difficulty hearing.

A nurse is reviewing the medical record of an older adult client. For which of the following medications should the nurse conduct a hearing assessment of the client? A. Omeprazole B. Ferrous sulfate C. Digoxin D. Furosemide

Correct Answer: D. Potassium 3.2 mEq/L The nurse should identify that a potassium level of 3.2 mEq/L is below the expected reference range of 4.1 to 5.3 mEq/L for an infant. Therefore, the nurse should report this finding to the provider.

A nurse is reviewing the morning laboratory results of an infant who is receiving digoxin and furosemide for the treatment of heart failure. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider? A. Sodium 140 mEq/L B. Calcium 10.2 mg/dL C. Chloride 100 mEq/L D. Potassium 3.2 mEq/L

Correct Answer: B. "I can place the patch on any area of my body without hair." The nitroglycerin transdermal patch should be applied to skin that is free from hair because hair creates a physical barrier to absorption.

A nurse is teaching a client about the proper placement of a nitroglycerin patch. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. "I'll apply the patch over areas of my body with little fatty tissue." B. "I can place the patch on any area of my body without hair." C. "I'll put the patch on the same site as the previous patch." D. "I have to apply the patch directly over my heart."

The client should first stop all activity b. Place a tablet under his tongue c. Next, he should wait 5 min. d. If chest pain is not relieved, he should call 911

A nurse is teaching a client who has chronic stable angina pectoris and a prescription for sublingual nitroglycerin tablets. What sequence of instructions should the nurse tell the client to use if he experiences chest pain? (Move the steps into the box on the right, placing them in the order of performance. Use all the steps.)

A. Admin. Another nitroglycerin tablet--- Admin guideline for sublingual nitroglycerin indicate that it is appropriate to admin another tablet 5 min after the first one if the client is still reporting pain

A nurse on a telemetry unit is caring for a client who has unstable angina and is reporting chest pain with a severity of 6 on a 0-10 scale. The nurse administers 1 sublingual nitroglycerin tablet. After 5 min, the client states that his chest pain is now a severity of 2. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?a. Admin another nitroglycerin tabletb. Initiate a peripheral IVc. Call the Rapid Response Teamd. Obtain an ECG

a. "Drowsiness is a common side effect initially, but it will lessen with time."

A patient complains to the nurse that the clonidine (Catapres) recently prescribed for hypertension is causing drowsiness. Which response by the nurse to this concern is appropriate?a. "Drowsiness is a common side effect initially, but it will lessen with time."b. "You may also experience orthostatic hypotension along with the drowsiness."c. "You may be at risk for addiction if you have central nervous system side effects."d. "You should discontinue the medication and contact your prescriber."

b- Fatigue c- Dizziness d- Headache Some of the common adverse effects of hydralazine include fatigue, dizziness, and headache. Nausea is associated with minoxidil. Joint pain is not a common adverse effect of hydralazine.

A patient is prescribed hydralazine [Apresoline] for the treatment of essential hypertension. Which expected adverse effects should the nurse discuss with the patient? (Select all that apply.)a- Nauseab- Fatiguec- Dizzinessd- Headachee- Joint pain

a. Clonidine (Catapres)Patients who abuse cocaine, opioids, and other such drugs also frequently abuse clonidine, so this agent would not be the best choice for this patient. The other drugs do no share this abuse potential.

A patient with hypertension has a previous history of opioid dependence. Which medication would the nurse question?a. Clonidine (Catapres)b. Guanabenz (Wytensin)c. Methyldopad. Reserpine (Serpasil)

a. "I should chew sugar-free gum or drink water to reduce dry mouth."

A prescriber has ordered clonidine (Catapres) for a patient who has hypertension. The nurse teaches the patient about side effects of this drug. Which statement by the patient indicates understanding of the teaching?a. "I should chew sugar-free gum or drink water to reduce dry mouth."b. "I should not drive as long as I am taking this drug."c. "I should stand up slowly when taking this medication."d. "I should stop taking this drug if I feel anxious or depressed."

Correct Answer: kidneys. Secreted by the kidney, erythropoietin travels to the bone marrow where it interacts with receptors on hematopoietic stem cells with the message to increase erythrocyte production. The primary signal for the increased secretion of erythropoietin is a reduction in oxygen reaching the kidney.

Erythropoietin regulates the process of red blood cell formation. The nurse understands this mechanism is activated by a reduction of oxygen reaching the

B. Glucose Correct Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics are associated with adverse metabolic effects of hyperglycemia; therefore, close monitoring of blood glucose levels are needed. Other metabolic disturbances include hyperlipidemia and hyperuricemia.

For a patient prescribed hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL), the nurse should closely monitor which laboratory test value?A. SodiumB. GlucoseC. CalciumD. Chloride

A., B., C., D. Potential adverse effects from amiodarone include visual halos, photosensitivity, photophobia, dry eyes, bluish skin discoloration, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, constipation, and decreased libido.

For patients prescribed amiodarone (Cordarone), the nurse should monitor for which potential adverse effects of this drug? (Select all that apply.)A. HypothyroidismB. Visual halosC. PhotosensitivityD. Blue gray skin discolorationE. Overgrowth of gum tissueF. Diarrhea

Heparin

Plavix also shares the same herbal interactions with what drug?

Your Answer:monitoring the hematocrit and hemoglobin level.

The client with a diagnosis of cancer is receiving epoetin alfa (Epogen, Procrit) as part of the treatment regimen. The nurse evaluates the effectiveness of this drug by

Answer: QT interval; Heart rate and rhythm; Magnesium level Rationale: Amiodarone causes prolongation of the QT interval, which can precipitate dysrhythmia. Antidysrhythmic medications cause changes in cardiac rhythm and rate; therefore monitoring of heart rate and rhythm is needed.Electrolyte depletion, specifically potassium and magnesium, may predispose to further dysrhythmia. Although it is always important to monitor vital signs and urine output, these assessments are not specific to amiodarone.

The nurse administers amiodarone (Cordarone) to a client with ventricular tachycardia. Which monitoring by the nurse is necessary with this drug? Select all that apply. a. Respiratory rate b. QT interval c. Heart rate and rhythm d. Magnesium level e. Urine output

C. Drowsiness and dry mouth

The nurse is assessing a patient in a clinic who has been taking clonidine (Catapres) for hypertension. Which findings are most indicative of an adverse effect of this drug?A. Cough and wheezingB. Epigastric pain and diarrheaC. Drowsiness and dry mouthD. Positive Coombs' test result and anemia

Dry cough

The nurse is caring for a client receiving an intravenous amiodarone infusion. Which symptom should the nurse immediately report to the health care provider? Dry mouth Dry cough Ear pain Metallic taste

Place the client on a cardiac monitor This answer is correct because abnormal potassium levels place the client at risk for changes in waveform conduction and abnormal heart rhythms. Mildly decreased potassium levels may cause flattened, inverted T-waves, while moderately to severely low potassium levels may lead to prolonged Q-T intervals, visible U waves, and slight ST-segment depression. Continuous cardiac monitoring is an important safety consideration.

The nurse is caring for a client receiving daily furosemide. The client's potassium levels are low, and the health care provider orders repletion with an oral potassium supplement. Which action is most important for the nurse to take?

Determine the client's potassium and creatinine levels

The nurse is caring for a client who has an order for furosemide to be administered via intravenous push. Which action is most important for the nurse to take first? Determine the client's potassium and creatinine levels Administer the medication slowly at a rate of 10 mg per minute Assess the client's heart rate by auscultation of the apical pulse Carefully calculate the client's intake and output for the shift

C. Treatment of anemia due to renal failure

The nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed epoetin alfa (Epogen). What does the nurse expect as the reason for use of this medication in this client?A. To cure or reverse kidney failureB. To replace blood loss from surgeryC. Treatment of anemia due to renal failureD. Management of pregnancy-associated anemia

d. Get up slowly from a sitting to a standing position

The nurse is caring for a client with hypertension who is prescribed Clonidine transdermal preparation. What is the correct information to teach this client? a. Change the patch daily at the same time.b. Remove the patch before taking a shower or bath.c. Do not take other antihypertensive medications while on this patch.d. Get up slowly from a sitting to a standing position.

D. Respiratory

The nurse is caring for a patient prescribed amiodarone (Cordarone). The nurse knows the MOST serious adverse effect of this medication can occur in which body system?A. ImmuneB. NervousC. GastrointestinalD. Respiratory

d- To protect against reflex tachycardia.Hydralazine is a vasodilator that lowers blood pressure, but it also can trigger reflex tachycardia. Beta blockers, such as propranolol, are added to the regimen to normalize the heart rate.

The nurse is caring for a patient receiving hydralazine [Apresoline]. The healthcare provider prescribes propranolol [Inderal]. The nurse knows that a drug such as propranolol often is combined with hydralazine for what purpose?a- To reduce the risk of headacheb- To improve hypotensive effectsc- To prevent heart failured- To protect against reflex tachycardia

Wear sunglasses and use a barrier sunscreen for outdoor activities

The nurse is educating a client receiving oral amiodarone therapy for atrial fibrillation. Which information is most important for the nurse to include in the teaching plan? Check blood pressure and heart rate weekly and record the values Use a soft toothbrush and avoid alcohol-based mouthwash Wear sunglasses and use a barrier sunscreen for outdoor activities Ensure hallways are well lit and remove rugs and other hazards

"I will wear a hat and apply sunscreen before spending time outside."

The nurse is educating a client with a new prescription for hydrochlorothiazide. Which client statement indicates that the nurse's teaching about this medication has been effective? "I will check my blood pressure weekly while taking this medicine." "If I miss a dose, I will add the missed pill to the next dose." "I may need to take a calcium supplement with this medicine." "I will wear a hat and apply sunscreen before spending time outside."

A. It selectively activates alpha2 receptors in the central nervous system (CNS).

The nurse is preparing to administer a dose of clonidine (Catapres). Which is the best description of the action of this drug?A. It selectively activates alpha2 receptors in the central nervous system (CNS).B. It causes peripheral activation of alpha1 and alpha2 receptors.C. It depletes sympathetic neurons of norepinephrine.D. It directly blocks alpha and beta receptors in the periphery.

B. Uncontrolled hypertension

The nurse would question the prescription for epoetin alfa (Epogen) in a client with which condition?A. End-stage renal diseaseB. Uncontrolled hypertensionC. Chemotherapy-induced anemiaD. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Your Answer:angina, or a change in level of consciousness.

The nursing care plan for a client receiving epoetin alfa (Epogen, Procrit) should include careful monitoring for symptoms of

"The goal is to taper the medication gradually and then stop it completely."

The phone nurse receives a call from a client who was recently prescribed oral amiodarone for atrial fibrillation. The client asks the nurse why their doctor told them to take less amiodarone after one week. Which reply is best? "The goal is to taper the medication gradually and then stop it completely." "Have you been taking this medication regularly?" "Are you experiencing any troubling or persistent side effects with this medication?" "A larger dose is used for several days until the medicine builds up in the system."

C. Vitamin K antagonists

Warfarin (Coumadin) is an anticoagulant. What family of anticoagulant medications does this drug belong to?*A. Direct thrombin inhibitorsB. Indirect thrombin inhibitorsC. Vitamin K antagonistsD. Factor Xa inhibitors

Asthma ,Unstable heart failure, heart block, severe bradycardia or cardiogenic shock, teratogenic.

What are contraindications of Carvedilol

Herb (ginger , gingko biloba, fever-few , evening primrose oil = increases the risk of bleeding. NSAIDS , ASPIRIN , ANTI-PLATELET = Increase risk for bleeding.

What are some Heparin interactions ?

Headache (severe 2 first but reduced w/ time) Orthostatic hypotension Tachycardia Tolerance develops quickly ( Only used short term) - Also start @ low dose

What are the Adverse Drug effects of Nitroglycerin ?

ADR: GI sx: anorexia, nausea, vomit, constipation, ARDS, pulmonary toxicity w/ pneumonitis ( fever, cough, SOB), may lead to pulmonary fibrosis a serious irreversible lung condition. (long term/ high doses) Dizziness, fatigue, malaise , ataxia , paresthesia & corneal micro-deposits. Cardiac effects: (coming in IV-bradycardia , hypotension), heart failure may worsen Pts w/ frequent sun exposure may experience blue-gray discoloration of skin is HARMLESS

What are the Adverse drug reactions of Amiodarone?

Hypotension by (IV admin) or Overdose on Oral drug, Bradycardia especially w/ IV but also w/ oral therapy. Heart failure by peripheral edema of feet/ legs w/ oral therapy & SOB, lightheadness, dizziness, vasodilation

What are the adverse Drug reactions of Verapamil?

ADR: Hypertension, Seizure Cardiac arrest,MI, heart failure, CVA, cardiac effect due to clotting , Malignancy progression(cancer for example)

What are the adverse drug reactions of Epoetin alfa/Erythropoietic Growth factor ?

DONOT give to ICP , Viagra (Sildenafil Teratogenic, Severe anemia,

What are the contraindications for Nitroglycerin?

Treats : ADHD , HYPERTENSION , AND SEVERE Pain

What are the uses of Clonidine ?

Treat: Mod-severe hypertension , Hypertensive Crisis (IV form), Treat heart failure w/ digitalis

What conditions do we use Hydralazine treat ?

Treats: manages severe ventricular tachycardia or fibrillations, treat some atrial dysrhythmias (afib), For pts w/ vtach or v-vib

What does Amiodarone treats?

TREATs: Hypertension , heart failure w/ digoxin, increase chance of survival following MI.

What does Carvedilol treat?

Treats: pulmonary edema, edema by renal, hepatic or cardiac failure & hypertension.

What does Furosemide treat?

Treats : W/ other drugs treats heart failure, cirrhosis of the liver / renal failure & hypertension, Diabetes insipidus

What does HCTZ treat ?

anticoagulation for CVA, Pulmonary embolism, massive DVT, postop venous thrombosis & pulmonary emboli ,

What does Heparin treat?

Prophylaxis (UNSTABLE )Angina pectoris/ Crushing chest pain , (acute MI common sx is substernal chest pain)

What does Nitroglycerin treat?

Treat: Convert supraventricular tachycardia to sinus rhythm, slow rate of A-FIB OR A-Flutter. Treat angina & hypertension

What does Verapamil treat ?

Treats: Prevents venous thrombosis , pulmonary embolism, during atrial fib, prevent thromboembolism in pts have protistic heart valves, recurrent myocardial infarction & transient ischemic attacks.

What does Warfarin treat

Bind w/ antithrombin inactivating factor XA and thrombin. = blocks clotting process/ fibrin

What does heparin do ?

Treats: Supports production of chronic renal failure, preop anemia, chemotherapy, HiV w/ zidovudine/Retrovir therapy

What is Epoetin alfa/Erythropoietic Growth factor used for ?

INR range 2.0 to 3.0

What is the INR range ?

Bleeding leading to hemorrhage. Neurological injury = hematoma formations during lumbar puncture epidural anesthesia. Thrombocytopenia (low platelet count) to autoimmune reaction to proteins in heparin. Hypersensitivity (rash, hives)

What is the adverse drug reactions of Heparin?

Dual-action alpha1 and beta receptor blocker

What is the classification of carvedilol (Coreg)?

Periodic PT/INR (prothrombin time/international normalized ratio) Check: hematocrit blood counts( indicates blood loss),

What lab values should the nurse monitor for Warfarin ?

Measure blood count, platelet count, hematocrit count Keep aPTT @ ½ - 2 times the baseline value Platelet count especially @ first month

What lab values to monitor for Heparin?

sildenafil, a medication that treats erectile dysfunction. Taking it concurrently with nitroglycerin can cause life-threatening hypotension.

What male enhancement drug is contraindicated with Nitroglycerin?

Reflex Tachycardia , dizziness, weakness, fatigue & headache especially@ few hrs. Fluid retention/ edema Abrupt withdrawal= hypertensive crisis & heart failure @ high dose= SLE syndrome (facial rash , fever, nephritis, pericarditis)

What the adverse drug reactions of Hydralazine ?

BP , Pulse

What vital signs should be monitored when on Nitroglycerin?

D. Change in level of consciousnessEpoetin alfa = increased risk of thrombotic events. If change in level of consciousness = stroke or myocardial infarction.

When developing a nursing care plan for a client receiving epoetin alfa (Epogen), the nurse will include monitoring for which adverse effect?A. Chronic diarrheaB. Severe hypotensionC. Impaired liver functionD. Change in level of consciousness

B. Decreases heart rate & c. Peripheral vasodilation

When teaching a patient about a new prescription for carvedilol (Coreg), the nurse explains that this medication reduces blood pressure by which action? A. Relaxes muscle toneB. Decreases heart rateC. Peripheral vasodilationD. Increases urine outputE. Promotes excretion of sodium

A. Cancer of the neckB. History of thrombosisD. Uncontrolled hypertensionE. Hemoglobin level of 15 g/dL

Which are known contraindications for use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) in clients? (Select all that apply.)A. Cancer of the neckB. History of thrombosisC. End-stage renal diseaseD. Uncontrolled hypertensionE. Hemoglobin level of 15 g/dL

c- Blood pressure.Hydralazine is a vasodilator that causes arteriolar dilation, decreased resistance, and decreased blood pressure. Monitoring of the blood pressure and heart rate is the highest assessment priority.

Which assessment finding is most important for the nurse to obtain before administering hydralazine [Apresoline]? a- Peripheral pulsesb- Homans' signc- Blood pressured- Capillary refill

No to Peptic Ulcer disease, bleeding disorders, thrombocytopenia , intracranial bleeding.

Who do we not give Plavix to ?

Correct Answer:The answer is B. The patient should AVOID grapefruit juice while taking CCBs because this could lead to an increase in drug levels. The patient should follow a high-fiber diet due to constipation (especially with Verapamil). In addition, CCBs can enlarge the gums (gingival hyperplasia) and lower blood pressure.

You're providing discharge instructions to a patient who will be taking a calcium channel blocker at home. Which statement by the patient demonstrates they did NOT understand the teaching instructions and needs re-education?a. "I will follow a low-fat & high-fiber diet."b. "I will limit my consumption of soft drinks & try to incorporate more healthy options, like grapefruit juice."c. "This medication can enlarge my gums so I will maintain good oral hygiene."d. "I will monitor my blood pressure regularly because this medication can cause low blood pressure."

Correct Answer:The answer is B. Verapamil can cause constipation. The patient should choose to eat foods that are high in fiber to help prevent this side effect.

Your patient is taking Verapamil. When helping the patient make a lunch selection, the nurse should encourage the patient to choose items that are? a. low in calciumb. high in fiberc. low in potassiumd. high in sodium

A prescriber orders transdermal clonidine (Catapres TTS) for a patient with hypertension. What will the nurse teach this patient?a. That medication given by transdermal patch has fewer systemic side effectsb. That localized skin reactions are uncommonc. To apply the patch to intact skin on the forearm or legd. To change the patch every week

d. To change the patch every weekTransdermal patches are to be changed every 7 days. Medication administered by patch has the same therapeutic effect and adverse effects as that given by other routes, except that localized skin reactions may occur and are common with clonidine patches. The patch should be applied to intact, hairless skin on the upper arm or torso.

Correct Answer: C. Hypertension is a common adverse effect of this medication. A common adverse effect of epoetin alfa is hypertension because of the rise in the production of erythrocytes and other blood cell types. Epoetin alfa is a synthetic version of human erythropoietin. Epoetin alfa is used to treat anemia associated with kidney disease or medication therapy. It increases and maintains the red blood cell level.

nurse is providing teaching to a client who has anemia and a new prescription for epoetin alfa. Which of the following pieces of information should the nurse include in the teaching? A. Hospitalization is required when administering each treatment. B. The maximum effect of the medication will occur in 6 months. C. Hypertension is a common adverse effect of this medication. D. Blood transfusions are needed with each treatment.

beta- blockers , Calcium channel blocker increase risk for bradycardia CYP3-A4 Inducers , grapefruit juice, azole anti-fungal drugs, erythromycin= increase risk for toxicity.

what is amiodarone interactions?