Pharmacology cardiovascular
The nurse is teaching a client diagnosed with angina how to properly store and use nitroglycerin sublingual tablets. Which statement made by the client establishes a need for additional teaching by the nurse?
" I will keep the bottle of nitroglycerin in my pants pocket."
Ends in pril. Blocks ACE from converting angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2, leading a decrease in blood pressure.
Ace Inhibitors
A client is receiving lisinopril. The nurse would most closely monitor for which concern?
Airway patency
Ends in -sartan; selectively bind with the angiotensin 2 receptors in vascular smooth muscle
Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers
monitor kidney function
Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers
Ends in -lol;
Beta blockers
A pregnant client has been diagnosed with HTN , and the care team has determined that the benefits of drug therapy outweighs the risks. What category of anti hypertensive is most appropriate?
Calcium Channel Blockers
Ends in -pine; Inhibits the movement of calcium ions across the membranes of cardiac and arterial muscle cells, depressing the impulse leading to slowed conduction.
Calcium Channel Blockers
What is a good teaching for a client on Ace inhibitor?
Change positions slowly ( orthostatic hypotension) Suck on sugarless candy ( dry cough)
Block the sodium channels in the cell membrane during an action potential.
Class 1 Antiarrhythmic
Beta-adrenergic blockers block beta-receptors, causing a depression of of phase 4 of the action potential
Class 2 antiarrhythmic
Block potassium channels and slow the outward movement of potassium during phase 3 of the action potential, prolonging it
Class 3 antiarrhythmic
Block the movement of calcium ions across the cell membrane, depressing the generation of action potentials and delaying phases 1 and 2 of repolarization which slows the automaticity and conduction
Class 4 antiarrhythmic
A male clients friend tells him to stop taking his metoprolol bc he read it causes cancer. The nurse encourages the client to consult his prescriber bc with abrupt withdrawal from the drug may cause what effect?
Exacerbation of angina ( rebound)
Which drug is most effective in reducing serum triglyceride levels?
Fibrates
What nursing considerations should be implemented when administering Nitro-Bid?
Gloves when removing/administering Check BP and pulse before Rotate sites Use correct dosage
End in -statin; helps decrease LDL and increase HDL
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
What are cardiac glycosides used for?
Increase force of myocardial contractility
Grapefruit can lead to toxicity
Interactions of calcium channel blockers
A client appears to be a candidate for statin therapy. What laboratory value should be assessed prior to initiating therapy?
LFT
Blocking calcium channels in the blood vessels and myocardium results in what?
Leads to vasodilation. Decreased HR and BP
Digoxin had a small therapeutic window of about 0.8-1.2ng/ml- what manifestations might a client manifest if Experiencing toxicity?
Mental changes Blurred vision Nausea and vomiting Anorexia
A client is being treated with heparin therapy for a pulmonary embolism. The nurse caring for this client knows that heparin:
Prevents the extension of the clot that has formed in lungs
What sign/symptom might a pt with Rhabdomyolysis experience?
Renal failure
Very similar to Ace inhibitors and ARBs High-fat foods decrease absorption
Renin inhibitor
When describing the action of calcium channel blockers, which would be an expected effect?
Slowed impulse formation
Beta-blockers reduce both morbidity and mortality associated with heart failure. By what mechanism do they work in the heart?
They block the sympathetic response
Tachycardia, bradycardia, PACs, PVCs, Atrial flutter, Atrial fibrillation or ventricular fibrillation
Types of cardiac arrhythmias
What is rhabdomyolysis?
muscle breakdown leading to kidney failure