Pharmacology chapter 47

Which of the following activities increases high-density lipoproteins?

All of these

A nurse who provides care in a busy clinic is aware of the high incidence and prevalence of hyperlipidemia and the consequent need for antihyperlipidemics in many patients. Treatment of high cholesterol using statins would be contraindicated in which of the following patients?

An obese male client who is a heavy alcohol user and who has cirrhosis of the liver

A patient with atrial fibrillation is receiving warfarin therapy. The patient is also prescribed ezetimibe. The nurse would instruct the patient to watch for which of the following?

Blood in urine or stool

A patient who has been taking lovastatin (Mevacor) has seen an improvement in his cholesterol laboratory values; however, the low-density lipoprotein remains elevated. What medication will be added to the medical regime?

Cholestyramine (Questran)

Recommended treatments for patients with dyslipidemia are made according to their blood levels of total and LDL cholesterol and risk factors for cardiovascular disease. What does the impact of existing cardiovascular disease have on recommendations?

Decreases target serum LDL level

Elevated blood lipids are a major risk factor for atherosclerosis and vascular disorders. From where are blood lipids derived?

Diet

A patient is taking cholestyramine (Questran) to reduce LDL cholesterol. Cholestyramine will cause a decrease in absorption of which of the following medications?

Digoxin

HDLs are tightly packed cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipids, which are carried by proteins that enter the circulation to be broken down for energy or stored for future use as energy.

False

You are teaching your client about nicotinic acid, which the physician has prescribed for treatment of hyperlipidemia. What common adverse effect should you mention to the client?

Flushing of the skin

A patient with hyperlipidemia is prescribed ezetimibe. Which of the following ongoing assessments should the nurse perform during treatment?

Frequently monitor blood cholesterol

After teaching a group of students about fats and biotransformation, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which of the following as the storage location of bile acids?

Gallbladder

Which drug will be most effective in reducing the major types of dyslipidemia?

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

The most common adverse effects of lovastatin include which of the following?

Headache and flatulence

Increased levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) combined with certain risk factors can lead to the development of which medical condition? (Choose one)

Heart Disease

Which of the following lipid levels would the nurse interpret as being high?

LDL cholesterol of 180 mg/dL

A patient is taking lovastatin (Mevacor). Which of the following is noted as the most common adverse effects?

Nausea, flatulence, and constipation

A client who is receiving a bile acid sequestrant is being prescribed an additional agent to lower lipid levels. Which agent would the nurse most likely expect the provider to order?

Niacin

A female client presents to the physician's office with complaints of a recurrence of her "hot flashes." The nurse understands that the client is taking what drug to treat her dyslipidemia?

Niacin

An 8-year-old male client requires treatment for dyslipidemia. What would the nurse

Pravastatin

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) are in which pregnancy category? (Choose one)

Pregnancy Category X

The client has been taking rosuvastatin for hyperlipidemia. She now presents with complaints of severe weakness. She states she can barely move her extremities because she is so weak. The nurse suspects the client has which of the following?

Rhabdomyolysis

What should the nurse suggest to assist a client to improve his cholesterol levels?

Smoking cessation

A patient who has an elevated triglyceride level and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol is seen by her primary care physician. What do these laboratory tests indicate in this patient?

The development of metabolic syndrome

Your patient, a 37-year-old woman with moderately elevated lipid levels, requests immediate pharmacotherapy for her dyslipidemia. You explain that a period of intensive diet therapy and lifestyle modification will be utilized before drug therapy is considered. You explain the rationale for this regimen as:

Therapeutic lifestyle changes are the preferred method for lowering blood lipids.

A patient with metabolic syndrome usually has increased plasminogen activator levels

True

Cholesterol is the base unit for the formation of steroid hormones.

True

Strong evidence exists that atheroma development occurs more quickly in patients with elevated cholesterol and lipid levels.

True

The administration of cholestyramine (Questran) with warfarin (Coumadin) would most likely cause a client to present with which of the following? Select all that apply:

• Subtherapeutic INR • Calf pain and warmth

What information would be included in a lipoprotein profile? Select all that apply:

• Total cholesterol • Triglycerides • LDL

Which of the following are examples of modifiable risk factors for hyperlipidemia? (Select all that apply)

• Weight • Diet