Pharmacology Exam 1
Adrenergic agonists mimic the sympathetic nervous system and exert which of the following effects? A. Dilates pupils B. Dilates bronchioles C. Increases heart rate D. Constricts blood vessels E. All of the above
E. All of the above
Which of the following actions describe the effects of cholinergic medications on the body? A. Decreased heart rate B. Increased peristalsis C. Constricted bronchioles D. Blood vessels dilated E. All of the above
E. All of the above
Which of the following are potential side effects/adverse effects of atropine? A. Dry mouth B. Blurred vision C. Urinary retention D. Tachycardia E. All of the above
E. All of the above
Which anticholinergic drug is used to treat urinary frequency? (hint remember If you tt to much!)
-tolterodine tartrate (Detrol)
Which of the following assessments are included in the plan of care for the patient taking aminoglycoside antibiotics? A. Assess for baseline hearing prior to therapy B. Assess for tinnitus, dizziness, and balance during therapy C. Assess for renal and liver function prior to therapy D. Monitor urinary output and labs during therapy E. All of the above
E. All of the above
Which of the following interventions should be implemented when giving penicillin? A. Assess the patient for allergies to penicillins and cephalosporins. B. Explain the need for back up contraception for women using oral contraceptives C. Assess the patient for development of superinfections D.Assess CBC for bone marrow depression E. All of the above
E. All of the above
Which of the following is a therapeutic use of the adrenergic agonist epinephrine? A. Allergic reaction/anaphylaxis B. Asthma/bronchospasm C. Severe hypotension D. Cardiac arrest E. All of the above
E. All of the above
Which of the following is true regarding fluoroquinolones? A. These drugs generic names end in "floxacin" B. These drugs can cause photosensitivity C. Signs of superinfections can include mouth sores and a black furry tongue D. Renal function should be monitored with these drugs E. All of the above
E. All of the above
Which of the following medications are cephalosporins? A. cefazolin B. cephalexin C. ceftriaxone D. cefdinir E. All of the above
E. All of the above
Which of the following medications may be used to prevent migraines? A. Beta adrenergic blockers such as propanolol (Inderal) and atenolol (Tenormin) B. Anticonvulsants such as valproic acid (Depakote) and gabapentin (Neurontin) C. Tricyclic antidepressants such as amitriptyline (Elavil) and imipramine (Tofranil). D. Ergot Alkaloids such as Migranal E. All of the above
E. All of the above
Which of the following nursing interventions would be appropriate for the patient receiving morphine? A. Monitor vital signs frequently to detect respiratory changes and decreased BP. B. Be prepared to administer naloxone if respiratory rate drops below 10 per minute. C. Monitor bowel sounds and bowel movements since constipation is a frequent side effect. D. Monitor urinary output since urinary retention is a side effect of morphine. E. All of the above
E. All of the above
Which of the following should be included in a teaching plan for the patient taking tetracycline? A. Use sun block and protective clothing in the sun B. If GI upset occurs, this drug may be taken with nondairy foods only C. Pregnant women and children under age 8 should not take this drug D. Back up contraceptives are needed for patients on birth control pills E. All of the above
E. All of the above
Which of the following statements are true regarding Aspirin? A. Aspirin, a salicylate NSAID, decreases platelet aggregation, as well as exerting analgesic, antipyretic, and anti inflammatory properties. B. ASA may be prescribed daily in dosages of 81-mg. 162-mg., or 325-mg as a preventive measure against strokes, heart attacks and TIAs. C. Tinnitus, vertigo, bronchospasm, and urticaria are S\S of hypersensitivity and overdose of salicylates. D. Aspirin should not be used in children under 12 years of age and for elevated temps due to the risk for Reye's syndrome. E. All of the above
E. All of the above
Which of the following statements is true regarding the opioid analgesic morphine sulfate? A. Contraindications for morphine include severe respiratory disorders, increased intracranial pressure and severe renal disease. B. Have naloxone available for severe respiratory depression (less than 10 per minute). C. Monitor for side effects and adverse reactions such as constipation, urinary retention, pin point pupils, hypotension, & respiratory depression. D. Morphine may be used as a preop med and is useful to treat pain with acute MI, cancer and dyspnea from pulmonary edema. E. All of the above
E. All of the above
Which of the following statements is true regarding transdermal fentanyl (Duragesic)? A. Duragesic patches provide continuous around the clock pain control that is helpful for patients who suffer from chronic pain B. Transdermal pain control is not appropriate for acute pain, post operative pain, and patients who are opioid naive C. Duragesic (fentanyl) may also be given via IM and IV routes D. Maximum serum levels of fentanyl are reached within 24 hours of application E. All of the above
E. All of the above
Which of the following statements regarding acetaminophen (Tylenol) is correct? A. Acetaminophen is a nonopioid drug and does not have antiinflammatory properties. B. An over dose which causes hepatotoxicity may be treated with the antidote acetylcysteine (Mucomyst). C. It causes little to no gastric distress and does not interfere with platelet aggregation. D. Suggested safe adult dose is between 2000mg/day - 4000 mg/day to avoid liver damage E. All of the above
E. All of the above
Which urinary antiinfective drug causes peripheral neuropathy (damage to your peripheral nerves, often causes weakness, numbness and pain) (hint it also causes your urine to turn a harmless brown color)
-nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin)
What patient teaching would you do for metronidazole (Flagyl)?
-Tell the patient to avoid alcohol and alcohol containing medications for at least 48 hours after treatment is completed. -If alcohol is consumed the patient could have severe nausea, vomiting, fever, facial flushing, slurred speech, tachycardia, hypotension and palpitations.
When taking a drug in this group of antibiotics you would avoid dairy products
-Tetracyclines
Who am I? I am a systemic anti-fungal drug that is only given IV, i require premed with acetaminophen and diphenhydramine, and I cause decreased potassium and magnesium levels.
-Amphotericin B (Fungizone)
Who am I? I am a systemic oral anti-fungal drug frequently used for yeast infections that you may get after taking antibiotics, and sometimes only one dose is needed!
-Fluconazole
Which urinary tract drug is a bladder analgesic (hint it turns your urine bright orange)?
-Phenazopyridine hydrochloride (Pyridium)
What adverse reaction is characterized by the appearance of a blistering rash?
-Steven's Johnson syndrome
What would you teach your Alzheimer's patient and family about the cholinesterase inhibitor rivastigmine?
-The drug increases the amount of ACh at the cholingeruc synapses. -Tends to slow down the disease process (improves memory loss) -side effects could cause nausea, diarrhea, constipation. abdominal pain. GI bleeding, dry mouth, restless legs syndrome -Adverse reactions could be seizures, bradycardia, orthostatic hypotension, cataracts, heart failure and myocardial infarction.
True or False: When patients take AIDS antiretroviral drugs, the desired effect is to decrease the viral load and increase the CD4 counts
-True
What is Steven's Johnson Syndrome?
-a rare, serious disorder of your skin and mucous membranes. It's usually a reaction to a medication or an infection. -begins with flu-like symptoms and is followed by a red and purple rash that spreads and could turn into blisters.
Can you list the adverse effects of Septra/Bactrim? (be able to recognize the generic name!)
-generic name is trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) -Seizures, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, increased bone marrow depression, anemia, stevens-johnson syndrome, renal failure
Can you list the major toxicities of aminoglycoside antibiotics?
-kidney and ear toxicity or poisoning
Which of the following cholinesterase inhibitors (cholinergic agonists) may be used to diagnose Myasthenia Gravis? A. Urecholine (bethanechol) B. Tensilon (edrophonium) C. Reglan (metoclopramide) D. Aricept (donepezil)
B. Tensilon (edrophonium)
Which of the following dietary restrictions applies to the patient using morphine for pain relief? A. Alcohol B. Grapefruit juice C. Dairy products D. Chocolate E. All of the above
A. Alcohol
All of the following drugs are used in the treatment/diagnosis of Myasthenia Gravis except A. Aricept (donezepil HCL) B. Mytelase (ambenonium) C. Tensilon (edrophonium) D. Mestignon (pyridostigmine bromide)
A. Aricept (donezepil HCL)
All of the following meds are anticholinergics used to treat motion sickness except A. Cogentin (benzotropine) B. Transderm scop (scopolamine) C. Antivert (meclizine hydrochloride) D. Dramamine (dimenhydrinate) E. Marzine (cyclizine)
A. Cogentin (benzotropine)
Which of the following statements made by the patient taking bactrim requires further teaching by the nurse A. I will take my medication to the beach with me so I don't miss a dose B. I will drink at least 2,000 ml of fluid each day C. I will report bruising and bleeding to my doctor immediately D. I will check my mouth for sore which are signs of superinfection
A. I will take my medication to the beach with me so I don't miss a dose
Which of the following medications is an opioid agonist- antagonist? A. Nubain B. Morphine C. Dilaudid D. Codeine
A. Nubain
Which of the following cholinergic medications is used to treat GERD and promotes gastric emptying? A. Reglan (metoclopramide) B. Urecholine (bethanechol HCL) C. Aricept (donepezil HCL) D. Pilocar (pilocarpine HCL)
A. Reglan (metoclopramide)
Which of the following is the PRIORITY assessment for the patient receiving opioids? A. Respiratory B. Bowel function C. Urinary function D. N/V
A. Respiratory
For which of the following patients would Tylenol be contraindicated? A. The patient with Hepatitis B. The pediatric patient with a fever C. The 65 year old with a headache D. All of the above E. None of the above
A. The patient with Hepatitus
Jeff Foxworthy says, "You might be a red neck if your nurse infuses this drug too rapidly" A. Vancomycin B. Gentamicin C. Piperacillin and tazobactam D. Flagyl
A. Vancomycin
Which of the following medications is a fluoroquinolone? A. ciprofloxacin B. acyclovir C. metronidazole D. nystatin
A. ciprofloxacin
Which of the following medications would be most appropriate for the patient who is first day post op after a hip replacement? A. morphine B. Tylenol C. Ibuprophen D. Tylenol #3
A. morphine
Which of the following statements regarding tetracycline requires immediate follow up by the nurse? A. I am not pregnant so I can take this drug B. I will avoid iron products, antacids, and dairy products C. I will take the tetracycline prescription I did not use 18 months ago to save money D. I will use effective mouth care to avoid mouth ulcers
C. I will take the tetracycline prescription I did not use 18 months ago to save money
Which of the following orders will the nurse implement first for the patient admitted with a diagnosis pneumonia? A. Start an IV B. Obtain sputum and blood cultures C. Administer an IV antibiotic D. Teach the patient to notify the nurse of vaginal itching
B. Obtain sputum and blood cultures
Which of the following cholinergic agonists (cholinesterase inhibitor) may be used to treat early stage Alzheimer's? A. Mestinon (pyridostigmine bromide) B. Aricept (donepezil) C. Tensilon (edrophonium) D. Prostigmine (neostigmine methylsulsfate)
B. Aricept (donepezil)
Which of the following pain meds is NOT useful for post operative pain? A. morphine B. Fentanyl patch C. Percocet D. Dilaudid
B. Fentanyl patch
All of the following are potential adverse effects of epinephrine except A.Tachycardia (rapid heart rate) B. Hypotension (decreased BP) C. Palpitations (irregular beats) D. Ventricular fibrillation
B. Hypotension (decreased BP)
For which of the following statements is more education needed for the patient taking amoxicillin? A. I must continue taking this medicine even when I start to feel better B. I can not take this medication with food C. I should report hives and itching to my provider immediately D. I should take this medicine with water instead of juice
B. I can not take this medication with food
The student nurse presents information about amphotericin. Which statement requires follow up by the instructor? A. Vital signs must be monitored closely for the patient taking this medication B. The only intervention prior to giving this medication is obtaining vital signs C. This medication causes hypokalemia and low magnesium levels D. Urinary output, serum creatnine, and BUN should be monitored
B. The only intervention prior to giving this medication is obtaining vital signs
What is the unique about opioid agonists- antagonists? A. These medications are never used B. They are medications in which an opioid antagonist (i.e. naloxone) is added to an opioid to decrease the risk for opioid abuse C. These drugs are never given orally D. These drugs are used exclusively for cancer pain
B. They are medications in which an opioid antagonist (i.e. naloxone) is added to an opioid to decrease the risk for opioid abuse
Which of the following statements is accurate regarding inadequate pain management? A. There are no documented harmful effects of unrelieved pain. B. Unrelieved pain leads to a multitude of harmful effects involving almost every organ of the body. C. Inadequate pain management does not affect health care costs. D. None of the above statements is true.
B. Unrelieved pain leads to a multitude of harmful effects involving almost every organ of the body.
Which of the following drugs is an anticholinergic prototype? A. epinephrine B. atropine C. atenolol D. bethanechol
B. atropine
Which of the following macrolides is given for 5 days? A. clarithromycin B. azithromycin C. erythromycin D. none of the above
B. azithromycin
Which of the following nonopioid mediations will cause the least GI distress? (p. 355) A. Ibuprophen (NSAID) B. celecoxib (Cox 2 inhibitor) C. Aspirin (NSAID) D. ketorolac E. None of the above
B. celecoxib (Cox 2 inhibitor)
Which of the following medications is used to treat the patient having a severe reaction to a peanut allergy? A. atropine B. epinephrine C. atenolol D. All of the above
B. epinephrine
Which of the following aminoglycoside is used as a preoperative bowel antiseptic? A. tobramyclin B. neomycin C. gentamicin D. streptomycin
B. neomycin
Which of the following is the most reliable indicator of the patient's pain? A. Patients vital signs B. The prescriber's opinion of pain intensity C. Assessment of pain based on patient self report D. None of the above
C. Assessment of pain based on patient self report
Which of the following medications may be used to reverse opioid overdose? A. Narcan (naloxone) B. Revia (naltrexone) C. Both A&B D. Imitrex (sumatriptan) E. None of the above
C. Both A&B
Which of the following nursing interventions would the nurse provide to the patient taking Tylenol? A. monitor routine liver enzymes B. Check labels of OTC medications since many products contain acetaminophen C. Both A&B D. Tell the patient that tylenol may be taken with antacids to reduce GI distress
C. Both A&B
Which of the following statements is true regarding Cogentin (benztropine)? A. This is an anticholinergic drug. B. This drug is effective against involuntary symptoms of Parkinson's Disease and drug induced Parkinson's disease. C. Both A&B D. This drug is a cholinergic agent
C. Both A&B
Which of the following statements is true regarding meperidine (Demerol)? A. Meperidine should not be prescribed for long term use due to neurotoxicity B. This drug is primarily effective in GI procedures C. Both A&B D. This drug is frequently used in PCA pumps
C. Both A&B
Which of the following is an example of a macrolide antibiotic? A. vancomycin B. gentamicin C. clarithromycin D. tobramycin
C. Clarithromycin
Which of the following meds is used to treat urinary frequency, urgency, and incontinence? A. Urecholine (generic bethanechol) B. atropine C. Detrol (generic tolterodine tartrate) D. All of the above
C. Detrol (generic tolterodine tartrate)
Which of the following statements is true regarding aminoglycosides? A. These drugs are used for minor infections B. These drugs have a few minor side effects C. Most of these drugs are given IV since they are not well absorbed in GI tract D. These drugs are very safe with no lab monitoring required
C. Most of these drugs are given IV since they are not well absorbed in GI tract
For which of the following conditions would the administration of anticholinergic drugs be contraindicated? A. Bradycardia B. Preop patient C. Narrow angle glaucoma D. Eye exam
C. Narrow angle glaucoma
Which of the following statements is true regarding hydromorphone (Dilaudid)? A. Dilaudid is a nonopioid medication used to treat mild pain B. Dilaudid does not cause respiratory depression, constipation or urinary retention C. The analgesic effect is approximately 6 times greater than morphine with fewer hypnotic and less GI distress D. Dilaudid, unlike morphine, is safe to use for patient with head injuries E. None of the above
C. The analgesic effect is approximately 6 times greater than morphine with fewer hypnotic and less GI distress
The patient taking nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin) for a UTI tells the RN that her urine has turned dark brown. The nurse explains A. Taking food with the medication caused the change in urine color B. There must be another reason for this change in urine color C. This is a harmless side effect of the medication D. You have blood in your urine, go to the emergency room.
C. This is a harmless side effect of the medication
Which of the following is an adrenergic agonist? A. atropine B. atenolol C. albuterol D. propanolol E. None of the above
C. albuterol
Which of the following drugs may be used for the patient experiencing an anaphylactic reaction to penicillin? A. albuterol B. naloxone C. epinephrine D. flumazenil
C. epinephrine
A patient is taking a z-pack. Which of the following is included in the teaching plan? A. Take 2 pills the first day and 1 pill per day for the next 4 days B. Hearing loss is possible; report ringing in ears to provider C. Take with water, do not take with fruit juice D. All of the above
D. All of the above
The anticholinergic drug atropine is used for which of the following therapeutic purposes? A. Preop med to reduce oral and gastric secretions B. Increase heart rate for patients with bradycardia C. Dilate pupils for eye exams D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which of the following adverse effects are associated with the use of Septra/ Bactrim? A. photosensitivity B. crystalluria and kidney stones C. Thrombocytopenia D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which of the following is a contraindication for the administration of opioid analgesics? A. patients with head injuries B. Patients in shock C. Patients taking kava kava, valerian and st. johns wort D. All of the above E. There are no contraindications for use of opioid analgesia
D. All of the above
Which of the following is true regarding Levaquin (levofloxacin)? A. Tendon rupture is a rare adverse effect B. This drug increases the effects of oral hypoglycemic drugs C. This drug may be nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which of the following is true regarding the beta adrenergic agonist albuterol? A. The trade name for albuterol is Proventil. B. This med is a bronchodilator used to treat bronchospasm, asthma, bronchitis. C. Side effects of this med may include tremors, tachycardia, hypertension, hyperglycemia. D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which of the following is true regarding the macrolide antibiotics? A. Generic names end in "romycin" B. Monitor liver enzymes and assess for jaundice with long term use C. Monitor for loose stools which could indicate pseudomembranous colitis D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which of the following medications contain a beta lactamase inhibitor (body guard)? A. Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid B. Pipercillin-tazobactum C. Ampicillin-sulbactam D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which of the following statements is true regarding adjuvant therapy in pain management? p. 363 A. Adjuvant analgesics were originally developed for other conditions and were later found to be effective for pain relief B. Adjuvant meds enhance opioid analgesia in diabetic neuropathy, cancer, migraine headaches, and rheumatoid arthritis. C. Anticonvulsant meds such as gabapentin (Neurontin) & tricyclic antidepressants such as amitriptyline (Elavil) are used for neuropathic pain D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which of the following statements is true regarding analgesics and older adults? A.Analgesics are usually metabolized in the liver and excreted in the urine. B. Usual adult doses in older adults may result in excessive sedation and prolonged duration of action. C. Chronological age is one of several factors that influence medication use and dosage. D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which of the following statements is true regarding atenolol? A. This drug is a beta adrenergic blocker which is used to treat hypertension. B. Patients being discharged on this drug should be taught to monitor BP and heart rate. C. Adverse reactions may include bradycardia, hypotension, bronchospasm & masking of s/s hypoglycemia. D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which of the following statements is true regarding bethanechol (Urecholine)? A. This is the prototypical cholinergic drug which mimics the parasympathetic nervous system B. This drug is used to treat urinary retention by promoting contraction of the bladder. C. If an overdose occurs with this drug, atropine is the antidote. D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which of the following statements is true regarding the use of naloxone? A. It is a narcotic antagonist that may be administered IV or IM to the patient experiencing respiratory depression . B. The patient receiving naloxone should be monitored continuously for indications of analgesic reversal (N/V, sweating, tachycardia). C. Observe patient for bleeding since naloxone may cause an elevation of the patient's PTT (partial thromboplastin time). D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which of the following statements would be included in the nursing student's presentation re: cephalosporin drugs? A. Patients allergic to penicillin have an increased risk for allergy to cephs B. Encourage patients to ingest buttermilk, yogurt or acidophilus to prevent superinfection C. This drug may be taken with food to minimize gastric distress D. All of the above
D. All of the above