Pharmacology II Prep U Chapter 39: Introduction to the Reproductive System

The nurse is describing changes in the male that occur with aging and parallel the changes that occur in women. The nurse is describing:

Andropause

Damage to what component of the male reproductive system would result in a lack of testosterone?

Leydig cells

When describing the male reproductive system, which would the nurse include as the structure responsible for secreting testosterone?

Leydig cells

A group of students are reviewing information about the menstrual cycle. The students demonstrate understanding when they identify what as the onset of the menstrual cycle?

Menarche

When the nurse is interviewing an adolescent, the patient states that she experienced her first menstrual cycle at age 11. The nurse documents this as:

Menarche

During pregnancy, what becomes a massive endocrine gland?

Placenta

If an ovum is fertilized and implants into the uterine wall, which would occur next?

Production of human chorionic gonadotropin

During fetal development, the descent of the testes into what structure helps prevent injury to the sperm-producing cells?

Scrotum

The organ that holds a developing fetus is the:

Uterus

After implantation, the fertilized egg is known as a(n):

embryo

A patient reports menstrual cramps. The nurse understands that this is due to:

prostaglandins.

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates the anterior pituitary to release which hormones? (Select all that apply.)

• Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) • Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Which is a phase of the human sexual response? (Select all that apply.)

• Resolution • Climax • Stimulation • Plateau

What would castration prior to puberty result in? (Select all that apply.)

• Sterility • Failure to develop normal male characteristics

What would a nurse attribute to the effect of testosterone? (Select all that apply.)

• Vocal cord thickening • Increased hematocrit • Facial hair growth

The pubescent girl exhibits many changes as a result of estrogen production. Her mother asks the nurse what secondary sexual characteristics to look for in her daughter. What is the best information for the nurse to provide to the mother about secondary sexual characteristics? (Select all that apply.)

• Wider hip structure • Pubic and axillary hair • Breast development

Which characteristic puts a male client at greatest risk for gonadal dysfunction?

An older adult

When considering the hormonal changes that occur, the nurse should encourage which diagnostic screening for a postmenopausal woman?

Bone calcium level

What would a nurse attribute to estrogen?

Breast growth

Which phase of the human sexual response results from massive sympathetic stimulation?

Climax

Which hormone would be initially responsible for hormone secretion from the ovaries and testes?

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

After teaching a class on the female reproductive system, the nurse determines that the teaching was successful when the class identifies what as a primary function of the ovaries?

Secretion of estrogen and progesterone

The nurse is discussing the human response to sexual stimulation with a client experiencing an arousal problem. In which phase of sexual response should the client begin to feel the effects of the sympathetic nervous system?

Stimulation

Castration involves the removal of what structure of the male reproductive system?

Testes

The layer of the uterus that is influenced by hormone changes in preparation for possible conception and pregnancy is the:

endometrium.

Which cells in the testes produce testosterone?

Leydig cells

In the male, interstitial cell stimulating hormone is released. The nurse identifies this as:

luteinizing hormone.

A group of nursing students are reviewing information about the structure and function of the female reproductive system in preparation for an examination. The students demonstrate understanding when they identify what as an internal structure?

Fallopian tube

After teaching a group of students about hormonal secretion of the reproductive system, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify what as initiating hormone secretion from the ovaries and testes?

Gonadotropin releasing hormone

A client with a 28-day cycle reports that she ovulated on May 10. The nurse would expect the client's next menses to begin on:

May 24

The nurse is preparing an outline for a class on the physiology of the male sexual response. Which event would the nurse identify as occurring first?

Penile vasodilation

After describing the events of the menstrual cycle to a group of students, the instructor determines that the students have understood the information when they identify what as the initial event that occurs following fertilization and implantation?

Production of human chorionic gonadotropin

After teaching a group of students about female reproductive hormones, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which hormone as being primarily responsible for maintaining pregnancy?

Progesterone

Sperm are produced by the:

seminiferous tubules

Which hormone is released into circulation by the Graafian follicles?

Estrogen

The nurse is discussing infertility issues with a couple. What information should the nurse provide the couple concerning the effect of Sertoli cells of male sperm?

They produce inhibin a substance that in turn affects sperm production

Which hormone is responsible for the development of wider hips, breasts, and soft skin in females?

Estrogen

A group of students are reviewing factors that can affect reproductive ability. The students demonstrate a need for additional teaching when they identify what as decreasing reproductivity?

Excessive eating

What is the trigger for andropause in a male client?

Impaired testes function

A nurse caring for a 43-year-old client explains to the client that ovarian functions gradually decrease around this age. What is the implication of decreased ovarian function?

Inability to become pregnant

When describing the menstrual cycle to a group of young women, the nurse explains that estrogen levels are highest during which phase of the endometrial cycle?

Proliferative

The phases of the human sexual response are listed below. Place them in their proper sequence.

• Beginning stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system • Massive sympathetic stimulation • Leveling off of stimulation • Resolution of sympathetic effects

Which of these terms describes changes in the uterus between days 15-28 of an ideal menstrual cycle?

secretory phase

The nurse is teaching a health education class on male reproductive anatomy and asks the students to identify the site of sperm production. Which structure, if identified by the group, would indicate to the nurse that the teaching was successful?

Testes

In an ideal 28-day menstrual cycle, the secretory phase occurs during which days?

15 to 28

What happens with the hormones associated with pregnancy once the fetus and the placenta have been expelled from the uterus?

Hormone levels decrease significantly.

What stimulates the production of testosterone by the Leydig cells located in the testes?

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Which hormone is involved if a couple engages in the rhythm method of birth control?

Progesterone

The increase in thickness of the endometrial layer during the first half of the menstrual cycle is controlled by the:

increasing level of estrogen.

When teaching an adolescent about ovulation, the nurse would include that ovulation is initiated by a surge in:

luteinizing hormone.

Regular monthly menstrual cycles cease at the time of:

menopause

A group of students are reviewing material in preparation for a test on the male and female breasts. The students demonstrate understanding of the material when they state:

A primary function of the female breast is to produce milk.

When describing the process of fertilization, the nurse would explain that it normally occurs in which structure?

Fallopian tube

When stimulation levels off during the human sexual response, the person is said to be in which of the following phases?

Plateau

During pregnancy, what complication is related to insufficient progesterone production?

Premature uterine contractions occur

The nurse is reviewing the functions of the ovaries, uterus, clitoris, and vagina with a group of nursing students. What would be the best response by a nursing student about the function of the uterus?

Receives the fertilized ovum and provides housing and nourishment for a fetus

Which are estrogens produced by the ovaries? (Select all that apply.)

• Estradiol • Estrone • Estriol

Menopause occurs when the female body stops producing which hormones? (Select all that apply.)

• Estrogen • Progesterone

Which hormone serves to stimulate the development of female characteristics and prepares the body for pregnancy?

Estrogen

After describing the process of spermatogenesis to a group of students, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify what as being responsible?

Follicle stimulating hormone

Fertilization of the ovum and implantation in the uterine wall result in the production of what hormone?

Human chorionic gonadotropin

Insufficient levels of oxytocin would affect what event related to pregnancy?

Onset of labor contractions

After teaching a group of students about the events that occur with fertilization and implantation of an ovum, the instructor determines that the teaching has been effective when the students identify what as an endocrine structure?

Placenta

The human sexual response involves the activation of which system?

Sympathetic nervous system

After puberty, secondary male sexual characteristics can be maintained by:

androgens

If pregnancy does not occur during the menstrual cycle, the corpus luteum involutes and becomes the:

corpus albicans

In the female reproductive system, the hormones estrogen and progesterone are produced by the

ovaries

The production of estrogen during pregnancy would be negatively affected if which structure was not functioning effectively?

placenta

The release of gonadotropin releasing hormone by the hypothalamus signals the onset of:

puberty

The nurse is interviewing a postmenopausal woman. Which assessment question demonstrates the nurse's understanding of a condition associated with these hormonal changes? (Select all that apply.)

• "Do you every experience pain or burning when you urinate?" • "Has sexual intercourse become painful?" • "Do you ever feel unexpected flashes of heat?"

A male client who takes dutasteride for benign prostatic hypertrophy calls the clinic. He says he tried to donate blood and was denied because of his medication. The client is very concerned about this and wants to know why this happened. What is the nurse's best response to the client?

"This medication can harm a developing fetus so your blood could be harmful if given to a pregnant woman."

Which statements about the female reproductive system structures is most accurate?

An ovum contains one-half of the genetic material to produce a whole cell.