Phil 1030 Final Exam

which of the following is not a potential problem for extreme fideism? A) it does not allow faith to play a role in religious belief B) it is not possible to consistently practice extreme fideism C) it appears to justify any belief D) none of the above

it does not allow faith to play a role in religious beliefs

explain an obligation that can be raised against fideism.

it is not possible to consistently practice extreme fideism

when dealing with expected value, a desirable situation is A) low cost and high payoff B) equal cost and payoff C) high cost and low payoff D) none of the above

low cost and high payoff

Which of the following is not an example of natural evil? A) earthquakes B) tornados C) lying D) none

lying

Those who believe that the objects of faith are revealed by reason assign what type of role to reason? A) magisterial b) ministerial C) adversarial D) none

magisterial

describe fideism's two forms

moderate: proponents: most religious thinkers Explained: matters of faith will oftentimes go "beyond" reason, but faith and reason are compatible. Extreme proponents: Kierkegaard explained: matters of faith are contrary to reason; faith and reason are incompatible.

if God's ways are inscrutable, this means that God's reasons for allowing evil are A) mysterious B) based on free will C) presupposed D) none of the above

mysterious

the experience of identification or union of the self with the ultimate reality

mysticism

knowledge of god delivered through general revelation (general in the sense of revealed or accessible to all)

natural theology

According to Kierkegaard, subjective thinking is A) detached B) impartial C) an ideal that can never be fully realized D) none

none

In coming to known God, humans are limited I two possible ways: they are infinite and A) personal B) material C) spiritual D) none of the above

none

in which approach in religious epistemology does one demonstrate the belief in God is not epistemically or theoretically rational, but that the belief in God is practically or prudently rational? A) natural theology B) fideism C) religious experience D) none

none

moral evil is also known as A) an act of god B) an act of nature C) an act of logic D) none of the above

none

the experience of identification or union of the self with Ultimate reality is known as A) an ordinary religious feeling/sentiment B) a religious vision C) a sensory experience D) none

none

what traditional argument for the existence of God states "god is the greatest conceivable being; it is greater to exist than no; therefore god must exist?" A) cosmological B) teleological C) moral D) none

none

which of the following is a a priori argument (an argument based not based on sensory experiences) A) comsological B) teleological C) moral D) none

none

which of the following is sometimes referred to as the design argument? A) cosmological B) moral C) ontological D) none

none

a reliance on faith rather than reason in matters of religious belief

fideism

explain and evaluate three solutions that either eliminate or revise the concept of God and evil.

1) eliminate one of the concepts , the reality of evil is denied. evaluation: it is clearly counter to experience and it does not solve the problem. 2) revise one of the concepts,

That evil is a natural consequence of God allowing persons the freedom to choose good or evil is the A) free will defense/theodicy B) stable-world defense/theodicy C) character building defense/theodicy D) none of the above

free will defense/theodicy

If one questions whether a person who had a religious experience is crazy, one is evaluating the A) reality of the object B) genuineness of the experience C) reliability of the perceiver D) none

genuineness of the experience

Which of the following is not a type of theology? A) natural B) revealed C) Irrational D) none

irrational

an extreme fideist know for his distinction between objective and subjective thinking and life's three stages/level (person)

Kierkegaard

who believed that evil did not exist (that it is an illusion)? A) St. Augustine B) Rabbi Kushner C) Mary Baker Eddy D) none

Mary Baker Eddy

philosopher famous for his wager for God's existence (person)

Pascal

describe the two formulations of the problem of evil. What does each say about God's existence? What is the response.

Philosophical: theism is probably false, god is absent. God's existence is improbably bc of all the evil that exists. Bc God is omniscient, omnipotent, and omnobelovelent, he would not allow evil to exist. the response to this would be in the form of a defense/theodicy. the defense says how god's existence is not socially incompatible with the existence of evil. a theodicy provides a reason why god would allow evil. Existential: theism is true, god is distant. The response would be since god's existence is not denied, it would be unnecceassy and inappropriate to respond with either a defense of theodicy.

Who believed that evil is a lack or privation of being or goodness? A) St. Augustine B) Rabbi Kushner C) Mary Baker Eddy D) none

St. Augustine

Aquinas was A) not a fideist B) a moderate fideist C) an extreme fideist D) none

a moderate fideist

what is fideism?

a reliance on faith rather than reason in matters of religious belief

Don Juan is an example of someone who lives at which of Kierkegaard's three stages? A) Aesthetic B) ethical C) religious D) none

aesthetic

general term referring to those who do not know whether or not they believe in god

agnostic

Which of the following is a potential objection yo Pascal's pragmatic approach? A) it does not always result in true faith B) rival beliefs exist C) reason can decide D) all of the above

all of the above

the theoretical form of the moral argument claim that A) an objective morality requires a basis B) an objective morality exists C) only god can serve as a foundation for an objective morality D) all of the above

all of the above

if God hides himself epistemically from His creation, the result would be that the evidence for God is A) ambiguous B) absent C) overwhelming D) none

ambiguous

general term referring to those who do not believe in god

atheists

which of the following is NOT a mitigating factor regarding coming to know whether or not God exists? A) metaphysical issues B) epistemic distance C) axiological difference D) none

axiological difference

the character building defense/theodicy is said to address A) moral evils B) natural evils C) both natural and moral evils D) neither natural nor moral evils

both natural and moral

which of the following is an a posteriori argument? (is based on sensory experience) A) ontological B) cosmological C) moral D) none

cosmological

Contingent things A) depend upon something else for their existence B) exists necessarily C) do not depend on anything else for their existence D) none

depend upon something else for their existence

Obligation is the characteristic feature of which of Kierkegaard's three stages? A) Aesthetic B) ethical C) religious D) none

ethical

give a detailed explanation of Kierkegaard's account of the objective/subjective distinction and life's three stages.

objective thinking is described as disinterested, abstract, detached, impartial, and free from distortions. An example is addressing the question "when does death occur?". subjective thinking is described as self-related and personal. An example would be addressing the question "how ought I to live in light of the fact that I am going to die?". Aesthetic: one lives on the self-centered sensual level. characteristic feature is freedom and example is Don Juan. result is life that leads to unhappiness and despair. Ethical is trans-personal morals which guide life by objective standards which are affirmed. characteristic feature is obligation and example is Socrates. The result is a life that also leads to unhappiness and despair. Religious is one finds forgiveness and a relationship with God. Its characteristic feature is faith and an example is Abraham. The result is a life that leads to happiness and fulfillment.

term meaning "all-powerful"

omnipotent

term meaning "all-knowing"

omniscient

term meaning "all-loving or wholly good"

omnobelevolent

the two forms of the moral argument are A) first cause/Kalam B) Spatial/temporal C) practical/theoretical D) none

practical/theoretical

According to Kierkegaard, which is the only level that does not lead to unhappiness and despair? A) Aesthetic B) ethical C) religious D) none

religious

those who attempt to ground theistic belief in religious experience claim that religious experience is analogous to A) the ontological argument B) sensory experience C) Pascal's wager D) none

sensory experience

the claim that evil is oftentimes soul-breaking instead of soul-making is an objection often raised against A) the free will defense/theodicy B) the character-building defense/theodicy C) the stable world defense/theodicy D) none of the above

the character-building defense/ theodicy

general term referring to those who believe in god

theism

term literally meaning "justify God" (justifying god in the presence of evil)

theodicy

the study of god

theology