test 5

Strato-volcanoes are commonly formed by ____ lavan

felsic

The ____ cycle produces the most widely distributed landscape patterns

hydrological

Horst and Graben zones like the Great Rift Valley are caused by ____.

normal faults

Weathering ____.

often does not remove material.

Metamorphic rock ____.

rearranges internal rock structure by heat and pressure

Metamorphized ____ becomes slate.

shale

Strike-Slip faults produce ____.

shifts in topography across the fault trace

Huge calderas form from exploding ____.

stratovolcanoes

Freezing of water and salt crystal formation physically

expand cracks

Sedimentary rock can be composed of ____.

metamorphic rock sedimentary rock igneous rock

Clastic sedimentary rock varies from non-clastic sedimentary rock in that clastic rock ____.

retains fragments of the original rocks

Anticlines form a ____.

upside down U

earthquakes

varies in all three ways

Carbon dioxide in water produces ____.

very mild acid

Chemical weathering is more rapid and effective in

warm wet climates

Sedimentary rocks form because of ____.

chemical binding organic deposition cementation of clastic materials

Earthquakes of the same magnitude kill different numbers of people because ____.

civil response varies preparation varies intensity varies

Synclines can be at the top of hills because

compressed rock faults less

Coastal boundaries subside during great subduction zone earthquakes because ____.

compression produced a bow in the upper crust, which is released by the quake

Isostatic rebound is caused by ____.

continental glacial melting

The increase in crust thickness caused by plate collisions in ____ plates causes huge mountain ranges above them to rise.

continental-continental and continental-marine collisions

Plate motion is measured using rock age in ____.

divergent plate boundaries

Lithification occurs ____.

due to cementation

The Appalachian Mountains, although old, remain above the water because ____.

erosion makes the crust thinner around the mountains, and isostacy causes them to rise

Plate convergence produces ____.

folding and overthrust faults

Spheroidal weathering occurs because of

increased weathering of more exposed interior rock

Erosion in tectonically active land areas is ____.

more active because of uplift and steep slopes

Subduction occurs at convergent ____.

oceanic-oceanic and oceanic-continental plate boundaries

In a normal fault ____.

older rock slides down the fault boundary, and is situated lower than at the opposing face. Now it is sitting next to even older rock on the other face.

Fault scarps are most often seen ____.

on normal faults because one side slides down

We know that plate tectonics existed before Pangaea because ____.

present continents are made up of continental collision fragments

Plate boundaries are located by following sites of ____.

sea floor spreading and trenches sea floor spreading abrupt changes in the record of geological strata subduction trenches

The concept of sea floor spreading was supported by ____.

similarity of now unconnected rock formations parts continents fitting together like pieces of a puzzle fossils of the same species on only parts of once connected continents

Volcanoes are found at zones of ____.

subduction zones sea floor spreading hot spots

Flood basalt deposits of the Columbia Plateau are associated with

a series of calderas

Water on rock

all true

Hot spots ____.

are stationary under some oceanic and continental plates

Earthquakes are most frequent ____.

at plate boundaries

All magnitude 9.0 or greater earthquakes have occurred in ____.

the ring of fire because of subduction

Northern California is near a subduction zone, and has risks from

tsunamis, volcanism, shaking