test 5
Strato-volcanoes are commonly formed by ____ lavan
felsic
The ____ cycle produces the most widely distributed landscape patterns
hydrological
Horst and Graben zones like the Great Rift Valley are caused by ____.
normal faults
Weathering ____.
often does not remove material.
Metamorphic rock ____.
rearranges internal rock structure by heat and pressure
Metamorphized ____ becomes slate.
shale
Strike-Slip faults produce ____.
shifts in topography across the fault trace
Huge calderas form from exploding ____.
stratovolcanoes
Freezing of water and salt crystal formation physically
expand cracks
Sedimentary rock can be composed of ____.
metamorphic rock sedimentary rock igneous rock
Clastic sedimentary rock varies from non-clastic sedimentary rock in that clastic rock ____.
retains fragments of the original rocks
Anticlines form a ____.
upside down U
earthquakes
varies in all three ways
Carbon dioxide in water produces ____.
very mild acid
Chemical weathering is more rapid and effective in
warm wet climates
Sedimentary rocks form because of ____.
chemical binding organic deposition cementation of clastic materials
Earthquakes of the same magnitude kill different numbers of people because ____.
civil response varies preparation varies intensity varies
Synclines can be at the top of hills because
compressed rock faults less
Coastal boundaries subside during great subduction zone earthquakes because ____.
compression produced a bow in the upper crust, which is released by the quake
Isostatic rebound is caused by ____.
continental glacial melting
The increase in crust thickness caused by plate collisions in ____ plates causes huge mountain ranges above them to rise.
continental-continental and continental-marine collisions
Plate motion is measured using rock age in ____.
divergent plate boundaries
Lithification occurs ____.
due to cementation
The Appalachian Mountains, although old, remain above the water because ____.
erosion makes the crust thinner around the mountains, and isostacy causes them to rise
Plate convergence produces ____.
folding and overthrust faults
Spheroidal weathering occurs because of
increased weathering of more exposed interior rock
Erosion in tectonically active land areas is ____.
more active because of uplift and steep slopes
Subduction occurs at convergent ____.
oceanic-oceanic and oceanic-continental plate boundaries
In a normal fault ____.
older rock slides down the fault boundary, and is situated lower than at the opposing face. Now it is sitting next to even older rock on the other face.
Fault scarps are most often seen ____.
on normal faults because one side slides down
We know that plate tectonics existed before Pangaea because ____.
present continents are made up of continental collision fragments
Plate boundaries are located by following sites of ____.
sea floor spreading and trenches sea floor spreading abrupt changes in the record of geological strata subduction trenches
The concept of sea floor spreading was supported by ____.
similarity of now unconnected rock formations parts continents fitting together like pieces of a puzzle fossils of the same species on only parts of once connected continents
Volcanoes are found at zones of ____.
subduction zones sea floor spreading hot spots
Flood basalt deposits of the Columbia Plateau are associated with
a series of calderas
Water on rock
all true
Hot spots ____.
are stationary under some oceanic and continental plates
Earthquakes are most frequent ____.
at plate boundaries
All magnitude 9.0 or greater earthquakes have occurred in ____.
the ring of fire because of subduction
Northern California is near a subduction zone, and has risks from
tsunamis, volcanism, shaking