PHIL 106 Quiz #2

Ethical egoists believe a. actions are morally right just because they best promote your self-interest b. actions are morally right just because they best promote the interests of everyone c. actions are morally right just because they best promote the interests of no one d. no actions are morally right

a. actions are morally right just because they best promote your self-interest

Which of the following statements best characterizes the relationship between conceptualism and utilitarianism? a. all utilitarians are consequentialists b. no utilitarians are consequentialists c. all consequentialists are utilitarians d. no consequentialists are utilitarians

a. all utilitarians are consequentialists

Classical utilitarians, including Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, held that actions which best promoted overall well-being were morally right. They understood well-being in terms a. the satisfaction of desires b. happiness (or pleasure) and the avoidance of unhappiness (or pain) c. a list of objective goods, including health, autonomy, and knowledge d. all of the above

b. happiness (or pleasure) and the avoidance of unhappiness (or pain)

According to the "ought implies can" principle a. you ought to do everything that you can do b. if you cannot do something, then it's not true that you ought to do it c. if you ought not to do something, then you cannot do it d. if you can do something, then you ought to do it

b. if you cannot do something, then it's not true that you ought to do it

Natural Law Theorists believe a. the laws of nature, such as the law of gravity, are moral laws b. immoral acts are immoral because they are contrary to human nature c. we should never harm any part of nature, especially other mammals d. all of the above

b. immoral acts are immoral because they are contrary to human nature

Utilitarianism is a moral theory according to which an action is morally right if and only if a. everyone's performing that action would decrease your own well-being b. that action does more to improve overall well-being than any other possible action c. that action is pleasing you d. that action does more to improve your own well-being that any other possible action

b. that action does more to improve overall well-being that any other possible action

Defenders of psychological egoism claim that a. we should always act to promote our self-interest b. some human actions are ultimately motivated by self-interest, while others are ultimately motivated by the interests of others c. every human action is ultimately motivated by self-interest d. excessive concern with one's own ego is psychological defect

c. every human action is ultimately motivated by self interest