PHILOSOPHY EXAM 1

"Either Laura is angry or Edith is depressed" is an example of a... a) proposition b) non-proposition

a

"Open the door" is an example of an... a) non-proposition b) proposition

a

As a spokesman for the IRS, I encourage you to stop informing taxpayers of loopholes. I know you will comply, as surely you want to avoid an audit of your last year's return. a) Appeal to force b) Missing the point/Red Herring c) Appeal to pity d) Appeal to ignorance

a

In reading philosophy, students should a) Critically evaluate the arguments offered, and read with an attitude of critical skepticism. b) Carefully memorize the answers to philosophical questions.

a

In the Apology, Socrates notes that a particular kind of life is not worth living. This type of life is: a) unexamined b) unhappy c) unfulfilled d) unappreciated

a

Inductive arguments often involve: a) generalizations or predictions b) categorical statements c) definitions d) mathematical axioms

a

Name the fallacy in this argument: "A new city hall is being planned? How can the city council bypass the public in this plan? Past city councils would never have bypassed the public!" a) Appeal to Tradition b) Begging the Question/Circular Argument c) Straw Man/Straw Person d) Appeal to Popularity

a

Name the fallacy in this argument: "Ever since Canada switched to the metric system and started to give temperatures in degrees Celsius, the weather has been irregular." a) Questionable Cause/False Cause b) Faulty Analogy c) Appeal to Tradition d) Appeal to Popularity

a

"Davy Crockett died at the Alamo" is an example of a... a) non-proposition b) proposition

b

"How are you?" is an example of a... a) proposition b) non-proposition

b

A deductively valid argument is a) An argument that has the property that if the premises are false, then the conclusion must also be false. b) An argument that has the property that if the premises are true, then the conclusion cannot be false. c) An argument that has the property that if the conclusion is true, then the premises must also be true. d) An argument with true premises and a true conclusion.

b

All of the following are subfields of philosophy EXCEPT: a) Ethics b) Kinesiology c) Logic and Reasoning d) Philosophy of Religion

b

An arguer that assumes the opposite of what they really want to prove, to show that there will be a contradiction, is making a: a) Inductive argument b) Reductio ad absurdum c) Invalid argument d) Circular argument

b

An argument is deductively valid by virtue of a) The fact that an argument can still be valid even if its premises and conclusion are all false. b) Its logical form. c) The truth of its premises. d) The truth of its premises and its conclusion.

b

An argument is question begging just in case a) The argument leaves too many questions un-answered. b) The argument is useless because the conclusion is tacitly assumed in the premises. c) The conclusion of the argument does not logically follow from the premises.

b

An event that had a great influence on Socrates was: a) the burning of the library at Alexandria b) the Peloponnesian War c) the volcano at Pompeii d) Aristophanes' first play being performed

b

Becoming a Philosophy major is a good choice because: a) Philosophy does not have any intrinsic value, but it has practical value in applied contexts, like ethics consulting and museum management. b) Philosophy teaches a set of skills, including critical reasoning and carefully arguing for a position, which are valued in the job market. c) Your major in college does not relate to your career. d) College should be about expressing your opinions, and philosophers only care about opinions.

b

Deductive arguments can be: a) true or false b) valid or invalid c) wise or unwise d) strong or weak

b

Name the fallacy in this argument: "Like a group of bystanders watching a mugging, the world's most powerful countries stood by while the economy collapsed." a) Ambiguity b) False Analogy c) False Dichotomy d) Appeal to Popularity

b

Socrates was especially concerned with _______ in Athens. a) corruption b) alleged experts c) infidelity d) the price of olives

b

Which fallacy involves an attempt to distract the reader from the real issue under debate, by bringing up something that is irrelevant? a) Faulty Analogy b) Red Herring/Missing the Point c) False Cause d) Ad Hominem

b

Which fallacy involves an attempt to distract the reader from the real issue under debate, by bringing up something that is irrelevant? a) Ad Hominem b) Red Herring/Missing the Point c) Faulty Analogy d) False Cause

b

Which of the following is an inductive argument? a) All members of the club are invited to the dinner. Bob is a member of the club. Therefore Bob is invited to the dinner. b) In last twenty years, it has rained in Seattle during March. Probably it will rain in Seattle in March next year as well. c) Having 120 earned credit hours, with the correct requirements completed, is sufficient to graduate. Jenelle has 120 earned credit hours with the correct requirements completed. Therefore Jenelle is going to graduate. d) The sum of the angles in any triangle is 180 degrees. I have a triangle on the board that is isosceles. The sum of its angles is 180 degrees.

b

A sophist is a: a) stand-up comedian b) a hoplite c) a teacher of rhetoric d) a second year member of the Athenian military

c

Arguments are made up of: a) unfounded accusations b) eyewitness testimonies c) premises and conclusions d) parallel interrogatives

c

Bertrand Russell describes how philosophy is different from: a) gastronomy b) astronomy c) science and math d) art

c

Bertrand Russell explains that philosophy is valuable even though it might not give: a) rewards in heaven b) financial gains c) definite answers like math and science d) physical fitness

c

Euthyphro was a: a) artist b) midwife c) priest d) sandal salesman

c

In the Euthyphro dialogue, what kind of definition of piety or holiness does Socrates want Euthyphro to give? a) coherent b) etymological c) essential d) contrastive

c

Mr. Referee, surely our team was not offside on that last play. Our team has already had ten penalties this quarter, we're trailing by three touchdowns, and several of our parents traveled hundreds of miles to see us play! a) Appeal to popularity b) Slippery Slope c) Appeal to pity d) Straw man

c

Name the fallacy in this argument: "The citizens have spoken, all residents of Georgia must wear seatbelts in all vehicles." a) Appeal to Tradition b) Appeal to Pity c) Appeal to Popularity d) Questionable Cause/False Cause

c

Philosophy comes from the Greek words: a) Phil and Sophie b) loso and phy c) Philo and Sophoi d) Phil and sophy

c

Socrates described himself as a: a) olive b) nobleman c) gadfly d) cricket

c

Socrates was not: a) willing to enact the death sentence of Athens himself b) the wisest of men c) a priest d) ironic

c

Sophists were: a) Tradesmen and craftsmen in ancient Greece. b) Teachers of physical sports in ancient Greece. c) Teachers of rhetoric in ancient Greece, who Socrates wanted to distinguish himself from as a philosophoi. d) Priests and temple officials in ancient Greece.

c

Which one of these is not a reason that Bertrand Russell argues philosophy is valuable: a) it gives critical thinking skills b) it gives a sense of wonder c) it gives a dogmatic adherence to common sense d) it has benefits in the lives of those who study it

c

According to Russell, philosophy does not encourage us to: a) reassess common sense assumptions b) seek physical explanations c) be skeptical in a healthy way d) conform to the Establishment

d

According to Russell, philosophy is valuable because... a) The study of philosophy has benefits for humankind in general. b) Philosophical questions are crucially important for all of us, because we only through philosophy can we 'know ourselves.' c) People who do not study philosophy will have false beliefs, while philosophers will carefully examine their beliefs and eventually reject those that are false. d) The questions that constitute the subject matter of philosophy are themselves great, and by studying these questions we improve our imagination and understanding, and we can eliminate prejudice and dogma. e) The questions of philosophy matter, and only by studying philosophy can we find answers to these important questions once and for all.

d

All of the following were problems that resulted from the sophists' influence in ancient Greece, EXCEPT: a) Immoralism b) Nihilism c) Humanism d) Patriotism

d

Argumentation should always involve: a) a process of grieving b) trial by jury c) a different ethical voice d) reasoning from premises to conclusions

d

Which of the following is not one of the reasons why arguments can have fallacies? a) Sufficiency b) Relevance c) Acceptability d) Eloquence

d

Philosophy may be defined as a) The attempt to use reason and analysis to address fundamental questions that face us all. b) The attempt to answer fundamental questions of justification. c) A discipline that addresses questions that are much more general than the questions investigated in the natural sciences. d) A discipline that involves the clarification of concepts. e) All of the above.

e

Every valid argument has a true conclusion. True False

false

Every valid argument has all true premises and a true conclusion. True False

false

Every valid argument has true premises and only true premises. True False

false

If a valid argument has only false premises, then it must have a false conclusion. True False

false

If a valid argument has only true premises, then it must have a true conclusion. True False

true

If an argument has even one false premise, then the argument is unsound. True False

true