Phonetics Final
voiceless velar stop
/k/
During a(n) 1. _________, the vocal folds are held 2.___________ while the larynx is 3._________.
1. Ejective; 2. Tightly together so that air cannot pass between them; 3. Raised
In order to be able to describe a complex periodic sound wave, what three things do you have to know about each of its components?
1. Frequency; 2. Amplitude; 3. Phase (in relation to other components)
During a(n)1._________, the vocal folds are held 2.________ while the larynx is 3.________ .
1. Implosive; 2. Somewhat close together so that they vibrate; 3. Lowered
The 1.__________ adjust the position of the 2.____________.
1. arytenoid cartilages; 2. vocal folds
On a spectrogram, intensity levels 1._________, while on a waveform, intensity levels 2.__________.
1. can be seen in the shading (the darker, the more intense); 2. can be seen on the vertical axis (the higher, the more intense) 
The first resonant frequency correlates with 1. ________. The 2. ___________ the frequency, the 3.___________ the vowel
1. height; 2. higher; 3. lower (more open)
In English, the velar nasal 1._______, but glottal fricative 2._________
1. never occurs word initially; 2. never occurs word finally
In general, 1.________ stops are 2.__________ to produce compared with 3.________ because 4._________
1. voiced; 2. hard; 3. voiceless; 4. Air pressure between the vocal tract and the lungs equalizes quickly 
The 'horse calling' click is...
A voiceless lateral click
In a broad transcription
Allophonic variation is excluded, and only the bare minimum number of symbols needed to account for the contrasting sounds of the language are used
(a) become (b) when immediately followed by (c)
Alveolar stops; dentals; dentals
In English, a flap/tap:
Can occur as an allophone of both oral alveolar stops, and is therefore a case of neutralization. and Can occur between vowels, but only if the second of the vowels (the following vowel) is unstressed
statements are true of vowel formants?
Everybody's formants will differ because every person's vocal tract has a unique shape, and therefore vocal tracts resonate sounds differently. The reason we can hear vowels and can distinguish one vowel from another when someone whispers them is that the same formant frequencies are there with or without voicing as long as the vocal tract's configuration is unchanged.
In non-rhotic varieties of English
Rhotics are not pronounced at the ends of syllables
The vocal folds are farthest apart at the time of the release of which of the following?
Stops with long lag VOTs
Which of the following is ordered most to least constricted?
Stops; Fricatives; Approximants; Vowels
If told that a sound is alveolar, you know:
The sound's place of articulation
On a spectrogram, what's the main difference between a lateral approximant and a velarized lateral approximant?
The velarized lateral will have an F2 similar to the vowel [u]
To produce a nasal stop:
The velum must be lowered, and an oral closure must be made
To produce the final consonant in 'bomb'...
The velum must be lowered, and an oral closure must be made
If my vocal fold vibrations become more rapid...
We would perceive pitch as rising
When is lateral plosion possible?
When a stop is immediately followed by /l/
25. Which of the following are ways to distinguish word final voiced stops from voiceless stops? (2)
Word final voiceless stops are longer in duration than word final voiced stops Vowels are longer in duration before word final voiced stops than they are before word final voiceless stops
A language with a three vowel system is likely to have the following three vowels: a. /aiu/ b. /eia/ c. /oeu/ d. /æəɪ/ e. /æəu/
a
If a language has 1._________ stops, it is likely to have 2. ________ stops. (select all correct answers) a. 1. no voiced bilabial; 2. no voiced velar b. 1. voiced bilabial; 2. voiced velar c. 1. voiceless bilabial; 2. voiceless velar d. 1. voiceless velar; 2. voiceless bilabial
a and c
Which of the following statements are true? (Select all correct answers) a. Ingressive pulmonic speech sounds are not impossible, but are very rare. b. Egressive pulmonic speech sounds are found in every spoken language c. Egressive velaric speech sounds are quite common among Khoisan languages d. Egressive glottalic speech sounds can only be voiced e. Ingressive velaric speech sounds are quite common among Khoisan languages
a, b, e
In which of the following words does the entire sequence of consonants in the middle of the word belong in the onset of the second syllable? a. Busted b. Conscript c. Describe d. Alter e. Detract
a, c, e
Of the following, which is a (or are) possible correlate(s) of stress? a. Increased pitch b. Increased duration c. Increased amplitude d. vowel centralization
a,b,c
The vocal folds are closest to each other during a stop closure in which of the following? a.voiced stops b. stops with negative VOTs c. Stops with short lag VOTs d. Unaspirated voiceless stops e. Stops with long lag VOTs
a.voiced stops b. stops with negative VOTs
When said in isolation, which of the following words are likely to have a stop with negative VOT? (Select all correct answers) a. Bout b. About c. Devout d. Spout e. Aloud
about
Which of the following may be produced both as an apical or a laminal? (select all correct answers) a. alveolars b.dentals c. Retroflexes d. Bilabials e. Fricatives
alveolars, dentals, fricatives
Formant frequencies...
are dependent on particular articulations, since different articulations change the shape of the vocal tract, and the shape of the vocal tract determines which frequencies resonate and which are dampened. can indicate vowels' frontness/backness.  can indicate vowels' height. 
Complex periodic sound waves...
are made up of at least two simple periodic sound waves (sine waves)
Labiodental stops...
are unlikely, other than as allophones, because completely stopping airflow with a labiodental is impossible unless there are no gaps at all between one's teeth, and very many people have some gaps through which air can flow.
retracted consonant
back of mouth
10. Consider the first vowel in the following words. In which is this vowel expected to be shortest? a. Back b. Backer c. Bag d. Bagger
backer
Which of the following have word final nasals? (Select all correct answers) a. Bang b. Bank c. Bomb d. Barn e. Band
bang, bomb, barn
In which of the following words is the final consonant syllabic? (Select all correct answers) a. Banner b. Barren c. Ruin d. Balm e. Barrel
banner, barrel
words that have a tense vowel
bean, hoot more close (than lax) and have lower first consonant
test two
begins now
In which of the following is the voiceless velar stop expected to be longest in duration? a. Brick b. Curb c. Beckon d. Backgammon e. Cabinet
brick
Which of the following words have at least one liquid? (Select all correct answers) a. Stain b. Need c. scream d. roar e. block
c. scream d. roar e. block
8. In which of the following words is aspiration expected? a. Began b. Cabin c. Skin d. Became e. Butter
cabin, became
On a spectrogram, intensity levels...
can be seen in the shading (the darker, the more intense)
Fundamental frequency...
can remain unchanged even given different articulations, since the rate at which the vocal folds vibrate can remain constant while the shape of the vocal tract is being altered.
In which of the following words is the approximant likely to be at least partially voiceless? (Select all correct answers) a. Comply b. Flew c. Fruit d. Few
comply
When said in isolation, which of the following words are likely to have a stop with a short lag VOT? (Select all correct answers) a. Tie b. Die c. Sty d. Shy e. Sigh
die, sty
The part of the tongue involved in making uvular and velar articulations is the__________.
dorsum
fricative
force air thru narrow channel
Which of the following are articulatory GESTURES? (Select all correct answers) a. Retroflexes b. Fricatives c. Nasals d. Trills e. Pharyngeals
fricatives, nasals, trills
Which of the following are articulatory GESTURES? (Select all correct answers) a. Retroflexes b. Fricatives c. Nasals d. Trills e. pharyngeals 
fricatives, nasals, trills
We can measure the duration of speech sounds...
given a spectrogram or a waveform
Which of the following have word initial voiced affricates? (Select all correct answers) a. Beach b. Gym c. Theatre d. Jump e. There
gym, jump /ch/ /j/
Which of the following words involve no lip gestures? (select all correct answers) a. Hat b. Rank c. Bean d. Lip e. Shake
hat
In which of the following words is nasal plosion possible? (Select all correct answers) a. Barn b. Hidden c. Band d. Harden e. Driven
hidden, harden
In a the utterance of a statement in English pitch will likely be
highest (overall) on the stressed syllable of the most focused word, if it is the first word of the utterance
For speakers of California English, which vowel's first and second formants are closest to each other (in other words, which vowel has an F1 and F2 which are most similar in value)? (Select the best answer) a. The vowel in 'hot' b. The vowel in 'heat' c. The vowel in 'hat' d. The vowel in 'hoot' e. The vowel in 'hit'
hot
In which of the following words does the diphthong begin with a low (open) vowel and end with a front vowel? a. Obey b. Imply c. Around d. Gate e. bite
imply and bite
In the production of clicks...
it is always the case that the closure at the velum is released second (after the release of the other stop - the one more forward than the closure at the velum)
nasal plosion
lowering of soft palate and air passes out thru nose
Which of the following parameters are not used to distinguish between nasals in English? (Select all correct answers) a. Manner of articulation b. Voicing c. Place of articulation d. Tenseness
manner of art, voicing, tenseness
Which of the following contain NO coronals a. Mom b. Kick c. Fame d. Bun e. Bank
mom, kick, fame, bank
18. In the production of ejectives, the velum...
must be raised throughout
approximant
no turbulence /r/ /l/
apical consonant
obstructing air with tip of tongue
obstruent
obstructing airflow /k/
Speech involves...
only complex periodic and aperiodic sound waves
When said in isolation, which of the following words are likely to have a stop with a long lag VOT? (Select all correct answers) a. Abort b. Port c. Sport d. Appoint e. Support
port, appoint, support
pair of words is the clearest illustration of a phonemic difference based on voicing (a difference of voicing) between two sounds? a. Teal; Zeal b. Dill; Bill c. Think; Zinc d. Pressure; Pleasure e. Thigh; Vie
pressure, pleasure
In which of the following words does the diphthong begin and end with a high vowel? a. Puke b. Pike c. pain d. Pout e. beauty
puke, beauty
Which of the following have a tense vowel? (select all correct answers) a. Reap b. Rip c. Rap d. rude e. reduce
reap, rude, reduce
In 'cap' the first consonant will be (a) in comparison with the first consonant in 'keep', which is more (b).
retracted fronted
Which of the following can only be apical? (Select all correct answers) a. Alveolars b. Dentals c. Retroflexes d. Bilabials e. Fricatives
retroflexes
13. Which of the following words have at least one obstruent? (Select all correct answers) a. Weigh b. Elm c. Sauce d. Roar e. Kick
sauce, kick
test 3
starts now
ordered most to least constricted
stops, fricatives, approx, vowels
16. Which of the following words contain at least one rounded vowel? a. Sugar b. Feature c. Future d. Bun e. Guilty
sugar, future
Which of the following has the onset with the longest positive lag? a. Spoon b. Fork c. table d. knife e. glass
table
VOT is always measured from... (in other words, the 0 point when measuring VOT is... )
the release burst
Coronal articulations are made using:
the tongue tip (apex) & the tongue blade
To produce the initial consonant in the word 'know'...
the velum must be lowered, and an oral closure must be made in the alveolar region 
6. Which of the following have word initial consonants that involve no lip gestures? (Select all correct answers) a. Shave b. Poll c. Fire d. Then e. Gate
then, gate
front vowel
tongue as far front as possible without making constriction
low open vowel
tongue positioned as far as possible from roof of mouth
Which of the following are impossible? (Select all correct answers) a. A voiced glottal lateral approximant b. A voiceless glottal stop c. A voiceless glottal fricative d. A voiced glottal tap e. A voiced glottal fricative
voiced glottal lateral approx and voiced glottal tap
The first consonant in the word 'veer' is: (Select all correct answers) a. A bilabial b. Voiced c. A fricative d. An affricate e. A labio-dental
voiced, fricative, labiodental
The first consonant in the word 'gym' is: (Select all correct answers) a. A velar b. Voiced c. A fricative Consider: d. An affricate e. A post-‐alveolar 
voices, an affricate, post alveolar
In what environments is the lateral liquid velarized?
word finally following a vowel and before another consonant, if that consonant is word final
In which of the following environments does the velar nasal never occur in English?
word initially
Which of the following words have a palatal? (Select all correct answers) a. Yard b. Jade c. Beyond d. Injure e. Help
yard, beyond