Phonic, spelling and word study - Vocabulary

rime

in a syllable, the ending part (after the onset) containing the letters that represent the vowel sounds and the consonant letters that follow: e.g., dr-EAM, n-AME

Dipthong

spell consonant sounds include the letter pairs, sh, ch, th, wh, ck, ph, ng; spell vowel sounds include letter pairs ai, ay, ee, ea, ie, ei, oo, ou, ow, oe, oo, ue, ey, ay, oy, oi, au, aw - the IMPORTANT thing to remember is that the ________ is a special kind of vowel sound; one vowel sound form by two vowel sounds; chao, violin

affix

a prefix or suffix; a letter or group of letters added to the beginning (prefix) or ending (suffix) of a base or root word to change its meaning or function.

Grapheme

alphabet letter or cluster of alphabet letters representing a one speech sound, or phoneme: e.g., a, eigh, ay

Letter Knowledge

the ability to recognize and label the graphic symbols of language

phonological awareness

- is both phonemic awareness and phonics; The general response to the sounds of language - Includes Phonemic Awareness which involves recognizing the individual sounds in words and eventually being able to identify, isolate, and manipulate them; connect specific sounds to letters; The awareness of words, rhyming words, onsets and rimes, syllables, and individual sounds (phonemes)

Phonemic (phoneme) awareness

- the ability to hear, identify and manipulate the individual sounds— phonemes—in spoken words. It is the understanding that sounds work together to make words, and it is the most important determinant toward becoming a successful reader. - 1st skill needed to move on

1) Word Meaning and 2) Vocabulary

1) refers to the COMMONLY ACCEPTED MEANING of the word in oral or written language - 2) refers to the WORDS ONE KNOWS in oral or writing language.

print-concept

The realization that books have front and back covers, that the words start at the top of the page and progress from left to right and that as you finish a line of text, you move to the next line. Students must learn print concepts prior to learning to read.

graphophonic relationship

The relationship between the oral sounds of the language and the written letters or clusters of letters (semantic and syntactic system)

Phoneme

The smallest unit of sound in spoken language. 44 units of sound in the English Language. (c-a-t = blending three _____ - each sound you hear in a word)

Fluency in terms of Reading

This term names the ability to read continuous text with good momentum, phrasing, appropriate pausing, intonation, and stress.

Fluency in terms of Word Solving

This term names the ability to solve words with speed, accuracy, and flexibility.

Phonics-Graphophonic

VCC (b-ACK) SHORT vowel a or VCV (mAKE) LONG vowel a; rules are attached to the letters - need to see

suffix

a group of letters added at the end of a base word or word root to change its function or meaning: e.g., handFUL, hopeLESS

prefix

a group of letters placed in front of a base word to change its meaning.

word family

a term often used to designate words that are connected by phonograms or rimes; e.g., hot, not, pot, shot - can also be a series of words connected by meaning (e.g., baseless, baseline, baseboard)

base word (root word)

a word in its simplest form, which can be modified by adding affixes; a can stand on its own and is easily apparent in the language.

word root

a word part, usually from the Greek or Latin language which carries the essential meaning of and is the basis for an English word: e.g. flect = re-FLECT - cannot stand on their own

phoneme-grapheme mapping

based on research that supports the combined - not isolated - instructions of the phonemes in words with the letters used to represent them; the relationship between the sounds (phoneme) and the letters (grapheme) of a language; we have learned through research on phoneme awareness that early instruction linking speech sounds to alphabetic symbols strengthens phonemic awareness, decoding skills, spelling, and word reading.

Spelling patterns

beginning letters (onsets) and common phonograms (rimes), which form the basis for the English syllable - knowing these ________, a student can build countless words.

syntactic

errors in spelling or grammar; the knowledge of grammatical patterns or structures - rules that govern the ways in which morphemes and words work together in sentence patterns.

onset

in a syllable, the part that comes before the vowel; it comes before the rime; it is a consonant, consonant cluster or a consonant digraph (CR -eam, BL-ue, N-ame)

Phonics

must SEE the word to spell it; knowledge of letter-sound relationships and how they are used in reading and writing. Teaching _______ refers to helping children acquire this body of knowledge but the oral and written language systems; additionally, teaching _________ helps children use _____________ as part of a reading and writing process.

letter-sounds relationships

the correspondence of letters and sounds in written or spoken language.

long vowel = also called the lax vowel

the elongate vowel sounds that is the same as its letter name, e.g., lAx = long a and is named a; it can be represented by two or more letters, e.g., cAke, EIght, mAIl.

Onset and Rime

the identification and separation of the ________ (first part ending with the consonant) and ________ (last part beginning with the vowel), in a word: e.g., DR - IP,

word structure

the parts that make up the word

Onomatopoeia

the representation of sounds with words

phonetics

the scientific study of speech sounds - how the sounds are made vocally and the relation of speech sounds to the total language process

Morpheme

the smallest unit of meaning in a language - (cat), run (free ____) a bound _______ would be runs and running (-s, -ing are units of meaning but cannot stand on their own; -ed too)

word-solving acting

the strategies a reader uses toe recognize words and understand their meaning - defines the use and understanding of all learning concepts (E-P-2xL-S-H-3xW)

spoonerism

the switching of the first letters of words in a phrase, creating a humorous effect

semantic

the system by which speakers of a language communicate MEANING through language

trigraph

three letters which blend together to make one speech sound; e.g., l-IGH-t

consonants

to combine sounds or word parts to BLEND together "sl", "fl" - make their own sound

diagraph

two consonants that appear together and represent one speech sound; e.g., sh, ch, th, ph

vowel diagraph

two letters that together make one vowel sound; e.g., ai, oo.

Phonic Instruction

uses a small portion of the body of knowledge that makes up phonetics.

decoding

using letter-sound relationships to translate a word from a series of symbols to a unit of meaning.

Early literacy concepts

very early understandings related to how written language or print is organized and used - how it works

phonemic strategies

ways of solving words that use how words sound and relationships between letters and letter clusters and phonemes in those words. - close your eyes to spell words because you spell from hearing the sounds of the letters.

high frequency words

words that occur often in the spoken and written language - sight or utility words