phonics exam
When "a" and "i" appear together as in the word "rain" they usually represent the same sound as a) "a" as in bat b) "a" as in bacon c) "I" as in spine d) "I" as in pig
"a" as in bacon
____ requires readers to rely on the other words and sentence patterning, or syntax, in a reading selection, along with meaning cues in the material
context clues
which of the following start with the hard c sound? a) city b) cow c) celery d) cymbal
cow
"jim and Joan played a SET of tennis. A set of tennis is completed when one player has won six or more games by a margin of two games" In this example, the author has provided a ___ for the term ___ of tennis. The technique of ___ words is usually limited to the situations where the word is used for the first time in a passage (this is all regarding CONTEXT CLUES)
defintion; set; defining
which of the words below show the correct syllable division? a) mother/hood b) light/bulb c) con/tri/but/ion d) rect/ify
light/bulb
the vowel in the word "mine" represents the ___, or glided, vowel sound for i
long
when the only vowel in a word appears at the end, the vowel is usually ___
long
writing from a 6 year old: "Me ND Jese DEAGO r fnz" (Me and Jesse Diego are friends) This child is probably in the ___ phase of developmental spelling
phonetic
which of the following has a digraph in the onset position? a) shirt b) watch c) ink d) blink
shirt
a as in apple, e as in egg, I as I ink, o as in octopus, and u as in umbrella all represent ____
short vowels
after repeated experiences with high frequency words in meaningful context, these words become ___ words
sight
high-frequency words are also usually ____ for students. a) sight words b) affixes c) phonograms d) rime families
sight words
when there is a double consonant in a word, usually only one of the consonants is heard. The other is ___
silent
which of the following best describes a phoneme? a) smallest unit of meaning b) smallest unit of written language c) smallest unit of sound d) two consecutive consonants
smallest unit of sound
the words city, celery, cycle, and cymbal all represent the ___ sound (because they each sound like how s words sound)
soft c
____ sound: - giraffe - gentle - gem - gym what are the 3 vowels that give it this sound?
soft g; i; e; y
"many young children are hyperopic, or farsighted." In this example, the author has provided a ____, farsighted, for the unfamiliar term. ___ are used in the same manner as definitions when an author wants to explain a difficult word or concept.
synonym; snynonyms
which of the following words contains a suffix (two of these choices are correct) a) picnic b) unwell c) teaching d) insulate
teaching; insulate
____ includes phonological and phonemic awareness, phonics, context use, sight word knowledge, morphemic analysis, and dictionary skills
word analysis
writing from 6 year old child: "I luv my Tarus that was a car adn I luv my mom adn my dad adn we watch TV" (I love my Taurus, that was a car, and I love my mom and dad, and we watch TV) This child is probably in the ____ phase of developmental spelling
transitional
if the meaning of the base word changes when adding a suffix, the suffix is considered derivational a) true b) false
true
in the word "nice", the letter i makes the long sound a) true b) false
true
oil, boy, and cow are all examples of dipthongs a) true b) false
true
r-controlled vowels are neither long nor short. They have a sound determined by the r that follows them a) true b) false
true
pronounce the words "think" and "thin". Hold one hand on your throat, and you will not feel any voicing when you say each word. The beginning sound in these words is different when compared to the voiced th sound. This is called the ___ sound
unvoiced
- thank, thermos, thumb: ____ - the, this, these, then: ____
unvoiced; voiced
the digraph in the words this, that, their, and them is called the ___ th sound because we add voice to it when we say it. (put your hand on your throat as you say each word, and you may feel the vibration of the voicing)
voiced
_____: 2 vowels appearing together that represent a single sound (example: ea beat)
vowel blend
_____: 2 vowels appear together that represent a blending of a sound (example: oy in boy)
vowel blend dipthong
two vowels appearing together that represent a single phoneme are called ___
vowel digraphs
____ refers to an extensive set of knowledge about our written language and strategies that permit readers to determine both the sounds of words and their meanings as they read
word analysis
phonics takes place in ___ language; phonemic awareness takes place in ___language
written; oral
the "s" appearing at the end of the words his, runs, and boys, represents the sound often associated with the letter __
z
divide these words into syllables: - ankle = ____ - startle = ____ - simple = ___ - needle = ___
an/kle; star/tle; sim/ple; nee/dle
____ can be used in the following ways: 1. as a technique to determine the meaning of an unfamiliar word 2. to check a pronounced word to see if the word makes sense 3. as a step when using other word analysis strategies
context clues
what are the three vowels that follow c in each word in list 'B' (soft c words)?
i; e; y
the words come, cow, capture, and cut all represent the ___sound (because they each sound like how k words sound)
hard c
common ____ endings (suffixes) are s, es(s), ing, ed, er, 1st, and ly.
inflectional
the digraph "ch" sometimes represent the sound associated with ___ -examples: character, chorus
k
the most common sound for the letter x represents the sounds associated with the letters ___
ks
___ sound: - good - goat - game - gun what are the 3 vowels that give it this sound?
hard g; o; a; u
the word "running" has ____ morphemes
2
the spoken word "at" has __ phonemes, whereas the spoken word "cat" has ___
2; 3
the word "box" contains one unit of meaning, or morpheme. In the word "boxes", there are ___ morphemes: box and es. Box is called a free ___ because it can stand alone; another unit does not need to be added to it for the unit to have meaning. The es plural is an example of a bound morpheme. Bound morphemes function only when combined with a ____ morpheme
2; morpheme; free
the spoken word "push" has ___ phonemes
3
the word "this" has how many phonemes? a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4
3 (because "th" are one sound)
the written word "chat" has four letters. It also has ___ graphemes and ___ phonemes
3; 3
the written word "past" has ____ graphemes
4
the word "blink" has how many graphemes? a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 5
5 ("think" would only have 4 graphemes)
an ___ refers to a syllable or a letter combination added to the beginning or the end of a word to change its meaning or part of speech. An affix added to the beginning of a word is called a ____. An affix added to the end of a word is called a ____.
affix; prefix; suffix
an inflectional suffix... a) shows comparison (such as higher) b) indicates past tense (such as walked) c) adverb (such as happily) d) all of the above
all of the above
____: the simple understanding that letters in our written language often represent sounds in a reasonably consistent manner
alphabetic principle
which of the following is the onset for the word bake? a) b b) ba c) bak d) ake
b
- the word "bell" is the keyword for the onset consonant ___ - the word "cake" is the keyword for the onset consonant ___ - the word "duck" is the keyword for the onset consonant ___ - the word "fish" is the keyword for the onset consonant ____
b; c; d; f
phonological awareness develops usually ___ phonemic awareness
before
identify the consonant blends in the onset position for the following words: - blue___ - clown ___ - flower ___ - splash ___
bl; cl; fl; spl
when the letter t is followed by the letter u, it sometimes represents the sound associated with the consonant digraph ___
ch
the ch consonant digraph represents three different sounds (or phonemes): the sound ___ as in "chair", the sound ___ as in "character", and the sound ___ as in "chef"
ch; k; sh
identify consonant digraphs for each of the following keywords: - chair = ___ - this = ____ - shop = ____ - phone = ___
ch; th; sh; ph
when adding a plural suffix to a word that ends in "f" or "fe" a) just add -s b) just add -es c) change when you hear a "v" instead of an "f" in the plural form d) always change the "f" or "fe" to "v" before adding the suffix
change when you hear a "v" instead of an "f" in the plural form
____ are syllables that contain one vowel and end in a consonant, such as "sun" or "sig/nal"
closed syllables
the types of patterns that readers find useful when applying context clues are ____, ____, and ____ patterns.
comparison; contrast; example
a ___ consists of two or three consecutive consonants, each representing a separate phoneme that is blended together
consonant blend
____ include wh, ch, th, sh, ph
consonant digraphs
_____ are two different consonant letters that appear together and represent a single sound, or phoneme, not usually associated with either letter. You do not hear elements of each, separate letter. Examples include: ch (child), ph, (phone), sh (shop), and th (thin).
consonant digraphs
what is the main goal of phonics?
constructing meaning
____ specify pronunciation, parts of speech, syllabication, and a word's meaning
dictionaries
____: blend of 2 vowel sounds within a single syllable (example: THink)
digraphs
a ___ represents a blend of two vowel sounds within a single syllable
diphthong
pout, toy, clout, and how, are all examples of ___ snow, coat, and read, are all examples of ___
diphthongs; digraphs
English learners acquire word analysis skills in English more ___ when phonological and phonemic awareness are established in their first language before working to develop these in English
easily
we refer to children who are just beginning their literacy journeys as ___ readers.
emergent
a CV pattern represents a vowel that appears at the ___ of a word or syllable, such as the word "me"
end
in the word "stick", the letters st are an example of a consonant digraph a) true b) false
false
in the word "think" the digraph TH is voiced a) true b) false
false
in the word "unaware", un is a BOUND MORPHEME a) true b) false
false
open syllables are syllables that end in a consonant, such as fun or un/lock a) true b) false
false
what is an example of a blend?
flower
a ____ is a written or printed representation of a phoneme. - example: the letters, th, i, and s in the word "this" each represent this concept
grapheme
in reconstructing a message from written language, a reader uses at least 3 cueing systems: these interrelated cueing systems are ____, ____, and ___.
graphophonics; semantics; syntax
which of the following is not a context clue? a) context b) meaning c) definition d) example
meaning
the final "y" to "I" generalization for adding a suffix to a word is correctly applied in which of these words? a) burryed b) pennyless c) merciless d) boiish
merciless
a ___ is the smallest unit of meaning in a language. the word "bookmark" has ___ morphemes
morpheme; 2
_____ refers to using prefixes and suffixes to break a word apart for both its meaning and pronunciation. This skill is helpful in the later stages of word analysis in determining multisyllabic word meaning. Think about how you read words like unachievable, plenipotentiary, or autobiographical. You probably redid upon this type of skill for both meaning and pronunciation
morphemic analysis
what are the three vowels that follow c in each word in list 'A' (hard c words)?
o; a; u
____ patterns include initial consonants found at the beginning of syllables and words, such as b, c, and f.
onset
the "s" appearing in the ___ position in words such as sun, sit, or sing, represents the most common sound for this letter
onset
____ are syllables that end in a vowel, such as "me" or "be/gin"
open syllables
In the written word "path" you can see 3 graphemes. What are they?
p; a; th
____ are the smallest unit of speech sounds, such as the three separate sounds you hear in the word "bead". it distinguishes one morpheme (meaning unit) from another
phonemes
in oral language, being able to break up a word such as "dog" into the separate sound elements /d/, /o/, and /g/ demonstrates a high level of ____ awareness
phonemic
___ is being able to hear each sound as an individual unit
phonemic awareness
____, or sometimes called graphophonic knowledge, consists of several elements: 1) understanding the alphabetic principle 2) understanding the relationships between specific letters and the sounds that they often represent including common patterns that appear together 3) being able to put together, or blend, sounds represented by letters
phonics
____: teaches relationship between letters of written language and the individual sounds of spoken language
phonics
being able to break up a sentence into its constituent words demonstrates ____ awareness
phonological
being able to clap or tap each syllable in a word such as "table" demonstrates ___ awareness
phonological
____ develops when young children become aware that language is an object that may be analyzed and manipulated by them in different ways, such as rhyming , playing word games, and talking about words as objects. You can tell children have developed this when when they hear words and syllables as separate units. Evidence for this is seen when children are able to substitute one word for another at the end of a repeated sentence, play rhyming games in oral languages and segment a spoken word, such as the two syllables that make up the word "into"
phonological awareness
____ is an important milestone for kids because it indicates that they are consciously aware of the sounds of language and can analyze and manipulate these sounds in different ways
phonological awareness
which develops first? phonological awareness or phonemic awareness?
phonological awareness
which of the following is defined as the UMBRELLA TERM used to label the conscious awareness of sounds in language? a) phonemic awareness b) phonological awareness c) phonics
phonological awareness
____ awareness: - you are aware of individual words and syllables as objects - you can hear and identify the two syllables in the spoken word "into" ____ awareness: - you are aware of individual sounds or phonemes as objects - you can hear these two syllables and also hear and identify the two separate phonemes in the syllable "in" as well as the two phonemes in "to"
phonological; phonemic
what is an example of a vowel digraph? a) pie b) coil c) toy d) cow
pie
writing from a 5 year old child: "OEPBEYET" (I love my kitty) This child is probably in the ___ phase of developmental spelling
precommunicative
an affix added to a root word at the beginning to change its meaning is called a: a) suffix b) prefix c) morpheme d) blend
prefix
all of the consonant blends in the words bread, crash, tree, and three end with r. Because of this they are sometimes called the ___
r-blends
the vowel in the word "torn" is best described as an a) short vowel b) long vowel c) r-controlled vowel d) none of the above
r-controlled vowel
____ appear not only in words with one syllable, but also in multiple-syllable words such as "lightning"
rime patterns
ack, ail, Ain, are, ale, ame, an, and, ap, ash, at, ate, aw, ay, eat, ell, 1st, ice, ick, ice, ight, ill, in, ine, ing, ink, ip, it, ock, oke, op, ore, ot, uck, ug, ump, and unk are all examples of ___
rime patterns
writing from a 5 year old child: "K P" (the cat and the person) This child is probably in the ___ phase of developmental spelling
semi phonetic
in the suffix "-tion", the letter t represents the sound of the digraph ___
sh
