Photograpghy test 1

Why do we adjust our aperture?

1. To adjust the AMOUNT of light that reaches the digital image sensor or film (more or less light) 2. To CONTROL THE DEPTH OF FIELD, which adds creativity to our photographs by emphasizing (or not emphasizing) certain objects in our photographs

Stop

a shorthand way of stating this half-or-double relationship. You can give one stop more (twice as much) exposure by setting the aperture to its next wider opening, one stop less (half as much) exposure by stopping (closing) down the aperture to its next smaller opening.

How do you change the size of the diaphragm?

Turning the ring on the outside of the lens (pushing a button on some cameras)

No lens has the entire range of f-stops most have...

about seven

In most cases, part of the scene will be

acceptably sharp both in front of the scene and behind the most sharply focused plane. Objects will gradually become more and more out of focus the farther they are from the most sharply focused area

Sharp focus ....

acts as a signal to pay attention to a particular part of a photograph, especially if other parts of the image are not as sharp.

Shallow or great depth of field is the result of...

adjusting the aperture on your camera

Most point and shoot cameras do not have the ability to adjust the aperture manually, therefore you need to use...

an automatic setting (macro mode), to get the desired shallow or great depth of field that you are looking for.

People who care about controlling depth of field or focusing images what is more important ?

aperture

Three factors that affect depth of field

aperture size, focal length, lens-to-subject distance

how do you focus using an autofocus camera?

by aiming the focus indicator in your viewfinder (usually a spot in the center) at the object and partially depressing the shutter-release button.

How do you focus manually?

by turning that focusing ring until the object appears sharp in your view finder or a mark on the lens barrel corresponding to its distance aligns with a focusing mark.

Shutter controls...

duration of light

What does "each aperture is one stop from the next" mean?

each lets in twice as much light as the next smaller opening, half as much light as the next larger opening.

Aperture settings from larger lens openings to smaller ones

f/1, f/1.4, f/2, f/2.8, f/4, f/5.6, f/8, f/11, f/16, f/22, f/32

Small sensor =

great depth of field

The farther you are from your subject the.....

greater the depth of field

Shutter Speed

how LONG light is let in

ISO

how SENSITIIVE your sensor (or film) is to light.

What does exposure determine?

how light or dark an image will appear when it has been captured by your camera.

lens and aperture

https://clc.ims.mnscu.edu/content/2016/2928104-20163000324/lens_aperture1.jpg?_&d2lSessionVal=63uw8YCZv42HbQq1xurG4EZkz&ou=3082215

Where do exposed images go on non-digital cameras (film cameras)

images are recorded to film

You can increase the depth of field more than infinity if...

instead of focusin gon infinity, you set the infinity mark opposite the point on the depth of field scale (22) that shows the f-stop you are using (f/22). You are now focused on a distance slightly closer than infinity called the hyperfocal distance.

Aperture

is the AMOUNT of light let into your camera

What is depth of field?

it is defined as the distance between the nearest and farthest points that appear in acceptaby sharp focus in a photograph. Depth of field varies with aperture, focal length, and camera-to-subject distance.

What is a small aperture ideal for?

it is ideal for landscapes because it allows for greater depth of field (think f/16- f/32)

The larger the number, the smaller the opening (f/16) equals

less light (greater depth)

Aperture range

on page 20

In theory a lens can only focus on....

one single distance at a time (the distance to the plane of critical focus) and objects at all other distances will be less sharp.

Where do exposed images go on digital cameras?

photos are recorded on an image sensor

Aperture controls ...

quantity

The closer you are to your subject the...

shallower your depth of field

If you are looking for a great depth of field using an automatic setting

shoot in landscape mode

If you are looking for a shallow depth of field using an automatic setting:

shoot in macro mode

People shooting sports what is more important ?

shutter because it controls motion

Settings beyond f/32 are found only on....

some view-camera lenses

When you focus a camera on an object....

the distance between lens and film (or digital sensor) is adjusted, automatically with an internal motor or manually by your rotating a ring on the lens barrel,until the object appears sharp on the viewing screen.

Plane of critical focus

the distance on which you focus the lens. the farther away from the plane of focus the less sharp

Larger openings have smaller numbers because

the f/ is a ratio: the lens focal length divided by the diameter of the lense opening

It is also natural to focus the camera sharply on...

the most important area

When you use the manual mode for aperture on your camera (Av or A) you choose what you want your aperture to be set at and your camera decides what

the shutter speed will be set at based on the lighting around you

Underexposed

to make an exposure with too little light producing a photo that is too dark.

Overexposed

to make an exposure with too much light pproducing a photo that is too light

How does taking a picture work?

when it goes into the lens and has to pass through something called an aperture. After it goes through the aperture it passe through the shutter and finally hits the sensor in your camera.

The lower the f-stop number the...

wider the opening and the more light that is let in. For example, f/8 is a wider opening and lets in more light than f/11, which lets in more light than does f/16

Can you select and control which parts of a scene willl be sharp?

yes for the most part

Aperture Priority Mode called AV or A

you set the aperture and your camera automatically finds the proper shutter speed.

Shutter Priority Mode or Tv or S

you set the shutter speed to a specific speed and the camera will figure out how large or how small the aperture opening should be

We dont say "I adjusted the depth of field on my camera." What do you say?

"I adjusted the aperture on my camera to attain a shallow (or great) depth of field."

When the lens is focused at infinity

(the infinity sign on the lens distance scale) everything at some distance away and farther will be sharp.

ISO

- sensitive to light so ISO numbers that are really high like ISO 1600 3200 allow our sensor to shoot in low light situations. Basically high numbers means very sensitive -Low numbers like ISO 100 or 200 allow our camera to be less sensitive to light so basically low numbers means less sensitive

Exposure

In photography, exposure is the amount of light allowed to fall on each area of a photographic medium (film or image sensor) during the process of taking a photograph

ISO controls

-our cameras sensitivity

Three factors that contribute to depth-of-field

1. Aperture 2. Lens focal length 3.Distance from camera to subject

What are the two types of depth of field?

1. Shallow depth of field 2. Great depth of field

Aperture and manual settings on a Nikon Setting

A

Aperture and manual settings on a Canon setting

AV

What makes up the Exposure Triangle?

Aperture, shuter speed, and ISO

What are the three variables that determine the exposure of a photograph

Aperture, shutter speed, ISO

Do all cameras have the same exact aperature settings (f-stops)?

Depending on the quality and size of the lens, aperture settings can vary from camera to camera. So, not all cameras have the same exact aperture settings.

What is a large aperture ideal for?

It provides a shallow depth of field, ideal for portraits and singling subjects out. (think f/1.4 - f/5.6)

Zone focusing

Know the depth of field in advance when you want to preset the lens to be ready for an action shot without last-minute focusing. Zone focusing uses a table or the depth of field scale on the lens to preset the focus and aperture so that the action will be photographed well within the depth of field.

Small aperture opening =

Less light and slower shutter speed

Aperture and manual settings on a DSLR camera

MASP

Notice that the depth of field extends about _____ in front of the ________ and ______ behind it. This is true at normal focusing distances, but when focusing ______ to a subject, the depth of field is more ________, about _______ in front and ______ behind the plane of critical focus.

Notice that the depth of field extends about one-third in front of the plane of critical focus and two-thirds behind it. This is true at normal focusing distances, but when focusing very close to a subject, the depth of field is more evenly divided , about half in front and half behind the plane of critical focus.

Depth of field definition

The region within which objects appear acceptably sharp in the image can be decreased or increased.

What do we measure aperture in?

We measure aperture in f-stops for example: f/5.6

diaphragm

a ring of overlapping metal leaves inside the lens. The diaphragm can get larger (open up) to let more light in and it can get smaller (stop down) to decrease the amount of light.

If part of a picture is sharp and part is out of focus, it is natural to...

look first at the sharply focused area

The smaller the number, the larger (f/1.4) the opening equals...

more light (shallow depth)

Large aperture opening =

more light and fast shutter speed to balance