PHP Part 2: Lecture 13 - Lecture 22 Quiz Questions
In the delivery of long-term care, customized interventions are carried out according to A. An assessment developed by family members B. A plan of care C. Weekly evaluations by the patient's physicians D. A philosophy of total care
B. A plan of care
According to the U.S law, nonprofit organizations A. Can make only a limited amount of profit B. Are tax exempt C. Cannot have a governing body D. Must pay taxes only if they are profitable
B. Are tax exempt
True or False: We are facing a shortage of LTSS direct care workers?
TRUE
True or false: Under U.S immigration law, foreign-born doctors are required to practice in a medically underserved area for three years
TRUE
Convenient care options mainly provide care for: A. Low-acuity conditions B. High-acuity conditions C. Athletes D. Medicare patients
A. Low-acuity conditions
In his NYT article, "Something Happened to US Drug Costs in the 1990s," Austin Frakt says approximately how much of health spending is on prescription drugs? A. 17% B. 22% C. 25% D. 33%
A. 17%
International medical graduates make up _____ of the primary care physician workforce A. 25% B. 30% C. 45% D. 60%
A. 25%
What percentage of older Americans obtain long-term care insurance? A. About 7.5% B. About 15.5% C. About 30% D. About 50%
A. About 7.5%
Which of the following is true about international medical graduates (IMGs), as stated by the AMA's webpage on IMGs impact on American medicine? A. Almost all IMGs speak a language other than English B. The majority of IMGs were born in the US but obtained their medical degree in another country C. About a third of IMGs reside in the rural Midwest D. Most IMGs practice in a group practice setting
A. Almost all IMGs speak a language other than English
What is the main goal of long-term care? A. Maintain function and prevent further decline B. Return a person to independent living C. Reverse the decline in activities of daily living D. Cope with multiple chronic conditions
A. Maintain function and prevent further decline
What was the main argument Ezekiel Emanuel made in the NYT article "Are Hospitals Becoming Obsolete?" A. Care is being shifted out of hospitals into cheaper, more effective settings B. The only thing preventing hospitals from becoming obsolete are Washington lobbyists C. The consolidation of hospitals is a detrimental trend that will cause healthcare inequalities D. A and B
A. Care is being shifted out of hospitals into cheaper, more effective settings
Which of the following medical professionals do not prescribe drugs or perform surgery? A. Chiropractors B. Osteopaths C. Obstetricians D. Podiatrists
A. Chiropractors
The Dartmouth Atlas brief data shows that overall Medicare hospital use in the last six months of life has _______ while Medicare spending at the end of life has __________ A. Decreased; Increased B. Increased; also increased C. Increased; Decreased D. Remained the same; Increased
A. Decreased; Increased
___________ is the tendency to attribute patient's symptoms to their mental illness. A. Diagnostic overshadowing B. Mental discrimination C. Physician bias D. Testing bias
A. Diagnostic overshadowing
The website, "Seizure the Awkward" recommends all of the following EXCEPT: A. Diving straight into talking about mental health with a friend B. Using a shared hobby to check-in C. Sometimes breaking trust to help your friend get long-term help D. Not making promises that you may not be able to keep E. Finding other resources if your friend needs more help than you can provide
A. Diving straight into talking about mental health with a friend
Which of the following is not a convenient care option for low-acuity conditions? A. Emergency room B. Urgent care clinic C. Minute Clinic D. Patient telephone call
A. Emergency room
Exemptions to VA healthcare coverage includes all of the following EXCEPT: A. Gynecologist visit B. Prescription cost for medical marijuana C. Gender affirmation surgery D. Consultation for an abortion
A. Gynecologist visit
The percentage of active primary care generalist physicians A. Has decreased since 1949 B. Has increased since 1949 C. Has remained steady since 1949 D. Is unknown (this number has only been tracked since 1970)
A. Has decreased since 1949
In the Fulton article, which tool was used to measure market concentration? A. Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) B. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) C. Four-firm concentration ratio D. Gini coefficient
A. Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI)
Countries whose health systems are oriented more toward primary care achieve A. Higher satisfaction with health services among their populations B. Higher expenditures in the overall delivery of care C. Increased ED visits D. Increased hospitalization rates
A. Higher satisfaction with health services among their populations
In the NYT article by Abelson, when HCA merged with its only competitor A. Hospital care quality declined B. Hospital care quality increased C. Hospital prices increased D. Hospital prices remained the same
A. Hospital care quality declined
The population of older Americans in need of LTSS is projected to A. Increase B. Decrease C. Stay the same D. Stay the same after 2040
A. Increase (aging population demographic)
After the Obama administration left, government attention to suppressing hospital consolidation A. Increased B. Decreased C. Neither increased nor decreased D. Shifted to suppressing hospital construction
A. Increased
How has the ER changed in the past 50 years? A. Increased ability to treat a wider-range of health problems B. More widespread use of community physicians C. Ambulances became slower D. Fewer patients with chronic conditions
A. Increased ability to treat a wider-range of health problems
Why is the closing of hospitals in rural areas particularly problematic? A. Increased travel time for patients urgently in need of medical care B. Consolidation results in higher malpractice premiums C. More children live in these areas D. All of the above
A. Increased travel time for patients urgently in need of medical care
According to the article by Kerns and Willis, why do some Americans not have access to primary care? A. Many primary care offices are not open in the evenings and on weekends, which are the only times that work for some individuals B. Not enough medical school graduates are choosing to enter primary care fields (insufficient supply of primary care doctors) C. Payer aversion limits the number of private insurance patient primary care physicians accept D. A and B E. B and C
A. Many primary care offices are not open in the evenings and on weekends, which are the only times that work for some individuals
Why are international medical students disproportionately not getting matched into residencies? A. Many programs use the Electronic Residency Application Service software program to filter out international medical students B. Studies show that international medical students are less capable than medical students that graduated in the U.S. C. International medical students apply to less residency programs than do American medical students. D. International medical students apply to more competitive residency programs than do American medical students.
A. Many programs use the Electronic Residency Application Service software program to filter out international medical students
The most prominent reason for the decline in the number of procedures performed in hospitals is A. Most of these procedures were shifted to the outpatient setting B. Most of these procedures were deemed outdated C. Most of these procedures were unsafe D. Most of these procedures used technology that was too expensive
A. Most of these procedures were shifted to the outpatient setting
In the WSJ video on insulin pricing, why does health economist Sherry Glied believe insulin prices have risen so rapidly? A. Patented drugs B. Manufacturers increasing their list prices C. Pharmacy benefit managers complicate the supply chain, increasing the prices for patients D. A and B only E. B and C only
A. Patented drugs
What does the Disproportionate Share Hospital program do? A. Provides federal funds to compensate hospitals for caring for the uninsured B. Provides state funds to compensate hospitals for caring for the uninsured C. It is a charity program that compensates hospitals for caring for low-income patients D. It is a federally funded program that provides funds to build hospitals in low-income areas
A. Provides federal funds to compensate hospitals for caring for the uninsured
Primary care A. Provides initial diagnosis B. Is limited to illness episodes C. Is focused and intense D. Treats only comorbidities
A. Provides initial diagnosis
Which of the following describes recent trends in retail clinic visits? A. Retail clinic visits have increased substantially B. Retail clinic visits have decreased substantially C. Retail clinic visits have remained relatively stable D. Retail clinic visits have only increased in major cities
A. Retail clinic visits have increased substantially
According to Primary Care: Current Problems and Proposed Solutions, which of the following might solve the issue of difficulty with accessing primary care physicians? A. Same day scheduling B. Subsidizing prescription drugs C. Discounts on primary care for older/sicker citizens D. More medical devices
A. Same day scheduling
In the Gawande article entitled The Heroism of Incremental Care, which medical problem plagued Bill Haynes for nearly forty years? A. Severe chronic migraines B. Cancer C. Hypertension D. Diabetes
A. Severe chronic migraines
In the KHN article by Blau, which piece of government legislation enabled international student Garcia Manrique to attend medical school? A. The Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals Program (DACA) B. The Affordable Care Act C. Congressional Review Act D. The Social Security Act
A. The Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals Program (DACA)
Which of the following demonstrates the movement in nursing homes, referred to as "culture change"? A. The environment promotes physical and psychological well-being B. Older adults from all different backgrounds are being accepted as residents C. Nurses have different attitudes towards the residents to help them feel accepted D. Residents treat other residents like family members so the environment feels more like a home
A. The environment promotes physical and psychological well-being
What does the mental health parity law accomplish? A. The law requires that insurers provide mental health benefits at the same level as any other medical condition B. The law enables Medicare and Medicaid users to opt out of mental health care coverage C. The law requires primary care physicians to screen all of their patients for severe mental illness D. The law allows patients to seek mental health care from psychiatrists outside of the physician network at no extra cost
A. The law requires that insurers provide mental health benefits at the same level as any other medical condition
In the research article entitled "Prevalence and Predictors of Mental Health Diagnoses..." all of the following are true except: A. Transgender students had a lower rate of suicidal ideation than ciswomen B. Multiracial students were more likely to engage in suicidal ideation than white students C. International students had a lower rate of suicidal ideation than domestic students D. Transfer students were more likely to engage in suicidal ideation than non-transfers
A. Transgender students had a lower rate of suicidal ideation than ciswomen
Disregarding income, the first priority of the eight groups defined by the VA health system consists of: A. Veterans deemed unemployable due to conditions connected to their service. B. Veterans who have received Purple Hearts. C. Veterans with any amount of disability. D. Former POWs (prisoners of war).
A. Veterans deemed unemployable due to conditions connected to their service.
Which of the following is TRUE about TRICARE? Active-duty dependents may utilize it. Rates are tied to Medicare. Military retirees not eligible for VA may utilize it. A and B All of the above
All of the above
Which of the following is true about primary caring according to the Kerns and Willis' Harvard Business Review article? A. By 2035, the Department of Health and Human Services estimates that the US will have enough PCPs to treat 380 million Americans B. Nurse practitioners and physician assistants could deliver high quality primary care but are not being utilized effectively C. Increasing use of the EHR will help decrease physician administrative work and increase patient panels by 30% D. There are not enough PCPs to meet the demands of many urban areas in the US E. More than one of the above
B) Nurse practitioners and physician assistants could deliver high quality primary care but are not being utilized effectively
Sood et al in their article, "The Flow of Money Through the Pharmaceutical Distribution System," state that approximately how much of money spent on prescription drugs goes to profit? A. 1/2 B. 1/5 C. 1/10 D. 1/20
B. 1/5
Hospital-based transitional care units must be certified as A. An acute care hospital B. A SNF C. A NF D. Both a SNF and a NF
B. A SNF
In Simon et al.'s study, "Exploring Attributes of High-Value Primary Care", which of the following attributes were included in the six that statistically distinguished high-value primary care sites? A. Expanded access B. Coordinated care C. Shared decision-making D. Shared workspaces
B. Coordinated care
The number of hospitalizations has _______ since 1981 A. Increased B. Decreased C. Stayed the same D. More information is needed
B. Decreased
The number of small primary care practices is A. Increasing B. Decreasing C. Has remained virtually the same D. Constantly fluctuating
B. DecreasingTRU
Which of the following is NOT a typical setting for ambulatory care services? A. Sports medicine clinics B. Firehouse C. Dialysis centers D. Rehabilitation clinics
B. Firehouse
The consolidation of hospitals ________ the cost of hospital care for patients A. Decreases B. Increases C. Offsets D. Subsidizes
B. Increases
Which of the following reasons does Tobb Hobes, an executive at Novo Nordisk, cite as an explanation for why insulin has become so unaffordable in the WSJ video? A. The net prices of drugs have increased B. Intermediaries, such as pharmacy benefit managers, and the rebate system lead to increased drug prices at the consumer level C. There is not enough competition in the market D. None of the above
B. Intermediaries, such as pharmacy benefit managers, and the rebate system lead to increased drug prices at the consumer level
Which of the following are major problems in primary care as outlined by Lazris, Roth, and Brownlee in Health Affairs? A. Lack of resources, cultural bias against PCPs, high medical school costs B. Lack of resources, regulatory burden, unfair/inefficient payment schemes C. Regulatory burden, high cost of living in PCP areas, lack of political will D. Regulatory burden, lack of political will, high barriers to entry
B. Lack of resources, regulatory burden, unfair/inefficient payment schemes
Those with palliative care experience ______ pain, anxiety, and family exhaustion than those without palliative care at the end of life A. More B. Less C. About the same level of D. None of the above
B. Less
Based on the article "Building Powerful Primary Care Teams," having a core team: A. Helps the PCP give more attention to their patients because nurses also act as scribes B. Medical assistants aid in setting the agenda, documenting history, and arranging follow-ups C. Hiring additional medical assistants increased cost more than revenue A and B B and C
B. Medical assistants aid in setting the agenda, documenting history, and arranging follow-ups
Which is not one of the consequences of the high cost of healthcare in the US: A. More uninsured Americans B. More funding for education and other state programs C. Stagnant wages D. Growing federal deficit and debt
B. More funding for education and other state programs
Who falls into the LTSS coverage gap? A. Older Americans who qualify for Medicaid but not Medicare B. Older Americans who don't qualify for Medicaid and have moderate to severe levels of disability C. Older Americans who choose to obtain private insurance and have low levels of disability D. Older Americans whose primary caregivers are family members
B. Older Americans who don't qualify for Medicaid and have moderate to severe levels of disability
In the New Yorker article, "Medicine's Wellness Conundrum", which of the following are NOT cited as barriers to integrating wellness practices into hospitals? A. Physician attitudes B. Patient demand C. Insurance coverage D. Lack of concrete evidence to support them
B. Patient demand
Which of the following describes Bodenheimer & Bauer's vision for the scope of work for primary care physicians in the future? A. Primary care doctors will become obsolete B. Primary care doctors will probably focus more on complex patients while nurses and PAs take over other primary care responsibilities C. Primary care doctors will probably work in hospitals, delivering care to high-income patients D. Primary care doctors will probably participate in more fellowships in order to obtain a specialization
B. Primary care doctors will probably focus more on complex patients while nurses and PAs take over other primary care responsibilities
Residency programs are increasingly training more A. Primary care physicians B. Specialists C. Nurse practitioners D. Rural physicians
B. Specialists
According to the 2019 CRS article, "Introduction to Veterans Health Care", all of the following are true in regards to the VA health system EXCEPT: A. It is one of the largest integrated health care systems in the US. B. The VHA provides reimbursement to providers for all or part of the patient's costs. C. The country is divided into VISNs, or Veterans Integrated Service Networks, based on geography. D, Dental care is covered by the VA medical package.
B. The VHA provides reimbursement to providers for all or part of the patient's costs.
Which of the following is a concern expressed by Bodenheimer & Bauer about the increasing role of nurses in primary care? A. Nurses are generally unwilling to increase their clinical responsibilities B. Training in nursing schools is focused on inpatient care rather than primary care C. Increases in payment for nurses could bankrupt the health system D. None of the above
B. Training in nursing schools is focused on inpatient care rather than primary care
According to the 2020 CRS report, "Do Veterans Have Choices in How They Access Health Care?", what is the most common form of double health care coverage for veterans? A. VA and TRICARE B. VA and Medicare C. VA and private insurance D. VA and Medicaid
B. VA and Medicare
One reason women's health centers were created is: A. Women have more money than men B. Women seek care more often than men C. Women have shorter lifespans than men D. Women get sick more often than men
B. Women seek care more often than men
Expanding Medicaid... A. will increase the number of hospitals in the long-term B. causes specialists to flee from rural areas with low-income patients C. is associated with a reduction in uncompensated care costs in hospitals D. All of the above
C. is associated with a reduction in uncompensated care costs in hospitals
In a given year, what fraction of VHA enrollees, on average, are actual VHA patients? A. 1/3 B. 1/2 C. 2/3 D. 1
C. 2/3
How many diabetics in the US struggle to afford insulin, according to the Wall Street Journal video about insulin prices? A. 10% B. 20% C. 25% D. 40%
C. 25%
The ratio of primary care providers to specialists in the U.S is ______, whereas in other high-income countries this ratio is ______ A. 70:30; 30:70 B. 50:50; 20:80 C. 35:65; 70:30 D. 80:20; 80:20
C. 35:65; 70:30
The residency match rate percentage for international medical students is ____ compared to ___ for American medical students: A. 50%, 61% B. 50%, 92% C. 61%, 94% D. 94%, 61%
C. 61%, 94%
Based on what three medical problems does Hospital Compare rank the quality of different hospitals? A. Heart failure, musculoskeletal disorders, cancer B. Pneumonia, cancer, heart rhythm C. Acute heart attacks, heart failure, pneumonia D. Senioritis, asthma, obesity
C. Acute heart attacks, heart failure, pneumonia
What is the major concern with increased consolidation among hospitals and health care systems according to Fulton? A. Restricting consumer choice and autonomy B. Lowering barriers to entry which could flood the health care market with unnecessary technology C. Anticompetitive behavior which could lead to increased costs and lower quality care D. There are no concerns with increased consolidation among hospitals and health care systems
C. Anticompetitive behavior which could lead to increased costs and lower quality care
To participate in Medicare and Medicaid, a health care facility must be A. Conditioned B. Accredited C. Certified D. Licensed
C. Certified
RNs are poised to help fill the gap caused by primary care shortages in A. Psychiatric care management B. Pediatric care management C. Chronic care management D. Integrated care management
C. Chronic care management
What is the most significant reason for the mortality gap between severely mentally ill people and the general population? A. Suicide B. Accidents C. Chronic diseases D. Shortage of psychiatrists
C. Chronic diseases
The size of the primary care workforce is ______ and the number of nursing practitioners is ______. A. Increasing, Increasing B. Increasing, Decreasing C. Decreasing, Increasing D. Decreasing, Decreasing
C. Decreasing, Increasing
What is the doctors "new dilemma" as articulated by Suzanne Koven? A. Determining how to ration limited medications B. Putting patient concerns above financial gain C. Determining how to ration limited time among patients D. Battling disparities in payment between primary care physicians and specialists
C. Determining how to ration limited time among patients
According to the 2018 Enrollment Priority Groups Table, what priority are veterans who were exposed to ionizing radiation during the occupation of Hiroshima and Nagasaki? A. Group 1 B. Group 2 C. Group 6 D. Group 8
C. Group 6
Inpatient care consists of A. Services delivered by a hospital B. Treatment of acute conditions C. Health care delivered in conjunction with an overnight stay in a facility D. Care delivered in a licensed facility
C. Health care delivered in conjunction with an overnight stay in a facility
Recent trends in palliative care show that the number of Medicare patients enrolled in hospice have ________ and the number of hospice days per patient has ________. A. Decreased; Increased B. Increased; Decreased C. Increased; also increased D. Decreased; Remained the same
C. Increased; also increased
Most veterans are covered through: A. The VHA B. Medicaid C. Medicare D. TRICARE E. Private insurance
C. Medicare
Which is the largest payer for home health services? A. Medicaid B. Out-of-pocket funds C. Medicare D. Private Insurance
C. Medicare
Basic assistance with ADLs is provided mainly by A. Physical therapists B. Licensed nurses C. Paraprofessionals D. Occupational therapists
C. Paraprofessionals
Why do patients sometimes have very high out-of-pocket costs for prescriptions according to "The Flow of Money Through the Pharmaceutical Distribution System" by Sood et al? A. Formulary placement has little effect on manufacturer prices B. There is too much consolidation in the PBM market C. Patients pay wholesale prices for drugs before meeting their deductible instead of at the plan's discounted rate A and C only B and C only
C. Patients pay wholesale prices for drugs before meeting their deductible instead of at the plan's discounted rate
Midlevel providers (MLPs) include which of the following A. Osteopaths B. Dentists C. Physician assistants D. Registered Nurses
C. Physician assistants
Which ownership group constitutes the largest group of hospitals and hospital beds in the United States? A. Private for-profit B. Federal C. Private nonprofit D. State and local government
C. Private nonprofit
ALOS is an indicator of A. Use of hospital capacity B. Frequency of use C. Severity of illness D. Access to services
C. Severity of illness
According to Austin Frakt in "Something Happened to US Drug costs in the 1990s," why did prescription drug prices begin to rise again in 2014? A. Americans began to take more expensive, brand name drugs as opposed to generics B. The US government stopped its drug price limitation regulations C. Specialty drugs, such as biologics, entered the market without any real competition D. Americans began to use more drugs on average E. More than one of the above
C. Specialty drugs, such as biologics, entered the market without any real competition
In her research, Cindy Liu discovered that _____ was strongly associated with suicidality and mental health diagnoses in college students A. Relationship status B. Fast food C. Stress D. Off-campus housing
C. Stress
Which of the following is false about primary care teams according the article, "Building Powerful Primary Care Teams"? A. Randomized control trials found that pharmacists and registered nurses manage diabetes care better than primary care physicians B. Extended care teams help treat very common clinical conditions, such as hypertension and depression C. The extended care team is responsible for all patients on a team while the core team manages three or four groups of patients D. Seeing a physical therapist first may reduce cost than if seen after a referral from a PCP E. Using teams could greatly expand primary care access without significantly increasing physician workload
C. The extended care team is responsible for all patients on a team while the core team manages three or four groups of patients
What do advance directives accomplish? A. They make it easier for policymakers to set up death panels B. They reduce caregiver burden by subsidizing annual vacations and regular time off work C. They help ensure that patients goals and preferences for care at the end of life are met D. They aid caregivers in deciding which cancer treatments will work best for their loved ones
C. They help ensure that patients goals and preferences for care at the end of life are met
"Twitter Tailwinds" tells stories which highlight A. The increasing importance of social media in medical treatments B. The dissatisfaction of primary care doctors C. the upsides of the medical profession D. The rise of Twitter as the major political platform for physicians
C. the upsides of the medical profession
Regions with a _________ ratio of population to primary care practitioners are designated as Primary Care Professional Shortage Areas A. 2:1 B. 20:1 C. 200:1 D. 2000:1
D. 2000:1
According to The Heroism of Incremental Care, which of the following is an advantage of primary care? A. Having a primary care doctor increases patient willingness to seek care for severe symptoms B. Primary care doctors use an empirical "big picture" approach to solving medical problems rather than a "rule out" strategy C. Patients don't have to sit through diagnostic tests D. A & B
D. A & B
According to Primary Care: Current Problems and Proposed Solutions, which of the following might solve the panel size problem for primary care physicians? A. Increasing payment to primary care providers to attract more medical graduates into primary care B. Task shift primary care duties to other members of the primary care team such as nursing practitioners and physician assistants C. Allocate more medical education funds towards specialty training D. A & B
D. A & B: - Increasing payment to primary care providers to attract more medical graduates into primary care - Task shift primary care duties to other members of the primary care team such as nursing practitioners and physician assistants
According to "Seizure the Awkward," when helping out a friend in need, you should: A. Make sure to take care of yourself and set boundaries B. Try not to take their comments or behavior too personally C. Use statements that start with "you" and not "I" D. A and B E. A and C
D. A and B
Which of the following is true regarding recent trends in End of Life Care in the U.S? A. Most people 65+ have not discussed End of Life Care with their physicians B. Most physicians are not trained to discuss End of Life Care C. Medicare hospice use is decreasing D. A and B
D. A and B
Why might hospital care become obsolete according to the NYT article by Ezekiel Emanuel? A. The alarming rise of iatrogenic disease B. Better alternative settings for care C. Special interest lobbyists D. A and B
D. A and B
In the KHN article by Blau, foreign-born physicians experienced: A. Difficulty with re-entry into the U.S B. Scrutiny at work C. More respect from their patients compared to native physicians D. A and B
D. A and B: - Difficulty with re-entry into the U.S - Scrutiny at work
According to the Kellerman article entitled "The ER, 50 years and on" which is a reason for the increase in ER use? A. Inaccessibility of primary care physicians on weekends, nights, and holidays B. Increase in low-acuity conditions which require emergency care C. Public perception of the ER as a place where one can receive care at all times D. A and C
D. A and C - Public perception of the ER as a place where one can receive care at all times - Inaccessibility of primary care physicians on weekends, nights, and holidays
According to the article The Doctor's New Dilemma, taking the time to talk to patients can: A. Help control blood pressure B. Help relieve pain C. Help relieve physician burnout D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Many primary care physicians in the U.S face A. Burnout B. Feeling disillusioned with their careers C. Emotional exhaustion D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Palliative care includes: A. Management of pain and emotional distress B. Family caregiver support C. Coordinated care and services D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Regions with more access to primary care physicians have: A. Lower infant mortality B. Fewer hospitalizations C. Lower rates of general mortality D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which of the following is a key issue with assessing patient capacity according to "Closing the Mortality Gap" by Lisa Rosenbaum? A. Physicians usually don't have the time to assess patient capacity B. Physicians fear having to coerce their patients who lack capacity C. There is no objective way to assess patient capacity D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which of the following policy responses could be used to enhance market competition according to Fulton? A. Enforce antitrust laws B. Reduce barriers to entry C. Set provider and health insurer rates D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Why is the proliferation of convenient care options potentially concerning? A. They increase utilization and spending B. They decrease continuity of care C. They increase financial pressure on primary care physicians D. All of the above
D. All of the above
What are some factors that might have contributed to Dr. Cromblin (a graduated medical school student from the NYT article) being constantly rejected from residency programs? A. She didn't pass all of her exams B. She graduated from medical school more than 3 years prior C. She attended a foreign medical school D. B and C E. All of the above
D. B and C: - She graduated from medical school more than 3 years prior - She attended a foreign medical school
In the Health Affairs blog, which of the following do Lazris, Roth, and Brownlee suggest as solutions to the "crisis" in primary care? A. Political action through lobbying B. Subsidies for primary care training C. Direct primary care D. B and C
D. B and C: - Subsidies for primary care training - Direct primary care
Which is not one of the drivers of growth in convenient care options? A. Demand for instant care (drop in visits, same-day appointments, etc.) B. Lower overhead costs of convenient care options C. Entrepreneurial spirit among convenient care providers D. Better quality care in convenient care clinics
D. Better quality care in convenient care clinics
Which mental illness did Amanda Lipp suffer from according to the KHN article by Jenny Gold? A. Anxiety B. Schizophrenia C. OCD D. Bipolar disorder
D. Bipolar Disorder
When patients have multiple health problems, this is called A. Coaffliction B. Comortality C. Codependency D. Comorbidity
D. Comorbidity
Which is not one of the recommendations made by Thomas and Applebaum for improving LTSS? A. Increased support and training for informal caregivers B. Additional research to expand quality measures C. Increase wages and benefits for direct care positions in LTSS D. Increase wages and benefits for geriatricians
D. Increase wages and benefits for geriatricians
Which group contributes the most to the provision of long-term care? A. Primary care physicians B. Nurses C. Physical therapists/Occupational therapists D. Informal caregivers (family/friends)
D. Informal caregivers (family/friends)
Technological innovations will A. Increase the capacity of older Americans to receive LTSS B. Decrease the capacity of older Americans to receive LTSS C. Will have no effect on the capacity of older Americans to receive LTSS D. It is unclear what the impact of technology will be on the provision of LTSS
D. It is unclear what the impact of technology will be on the provision of LTSS
Areas with more primary care physicians experience all of the following except: A. Better medical outcomes B. Lower health care spending C. Better patient satisfaction D. More emergency department visits
D. More emergency department visits
According to Kevin B. O'Reilly in his AMA article, "How IMGs have changed the face of American medicine,"what support does the AMA provide to IMGs? A. They help deal with issues of discrimination and racism against IMGs B. They assist in bringing more qualified IMGs to the US through helping with immigration issues and advocating for the expansion of the J-1 visa waver program C. They help place IMGs in residencies and programs in underserved areas of the country D. More than one of the above E. All of the above
D. More than one of the above
According to The Lancet article, "Prioritizing primary care in the USA": A. High deductible health plans have helped increase insurance coverage, leading to an increase in primary care access B. The broad definition of primary care includes nurse practitioners, OB/GYNs, psychologists, and social workers C. Hospital systems and physicians are reluctant to adopt models, such as accountable care organizations and patient centered medical homes D. More than one of the above E. All of the above
D. More than one of the above
In the NYT article, "Something Happened to US Drug Costs in the 1990s," by Frakt, which of the following could explain why drug costs rose in the 1990s? A. FDA slowed down drug approvals, leading to less market competition B. Public insurance expanded its coverage of prescription drugs C. New drugs to treat conditions, such as cancer, rapidly grew with little price control regulations D. More than one of the above E. All of the above
D. More than one of the above
In which of the following areas has the U.S malpractice system been successful? A. Fairly compensating patients harmed by physician/hospital negligence B. Settling cases quickly/cost effectively C. Providing an incentive for providers to reduce mistakes and improve their quality of care D. None of the above
D. None of the Above
According to the Gawande article entitled "Quantity and Quality of Life", how do physician deaths compare with the deaths of their patients? A. Physicians experience significantly less institutional care at the end of their lives than their patients B. Physicians experience significantly greater hospice care and overall higher quality of End of Life Care C. Physicians experience significantly more institutional care at the at the end of their lives than their patients D. Physicians experience about the same level of institutional care and hospice care as their patients
D. Physicians experience about the same level of institutional care and hospice care as their patients
Which group experienced the most increase in market concentration between 2010 and 2016? A. Hospitals B. Specialist physicians C. Insurers D. Primary care physicians
D. Primary care physicians
A long-term care facility must be certified in order to A. Operate as a nursing home B. Comply with national fire and safety codes C. Obtain deemed status D. Receive payment for Medicare and/or Medicaid patients
D. Receive payment for Medicare and/or Medicaid patients
Of the 9.57 million total MHS beneficiaries in FY2019, which group makes up the largest portion? A. Active duty service members B. Active duty family members C. Retirees and family members 65 and older D. Retirees and family members under the age of 65
D. Retirees and family members under the age of 65
According to the NPR article contrasting the VA to the military health system, which of the following is NOT a contributing factor as to why the VA is overburdened? A. The baby boom B. Years of combat with Iran and Afghanistan C. Agent Orange D. Soldiers not being paid enough while in service
D. Soldiers not being paid enough while in service
Quality of care is ______ among NPs compared to primary care physicians and patient satisfaction is _______ among NPs compared to primary care physicians A. Higher, the same B. Lower, the same C. The same, lower D. The same; the same
D. The same; the same
The "headwinds/tailwinds asymmetry" refers to A. High speed trade winds that blow throughout North America causing seasonal illnesses B. The Hippocratic oath C. A medical bias that leads patients to trust specialists more than primary care physicians D. The tendency to focus on barriers and disadvantages
D. The tendency to focus on barriers and disadvantages
According to the Institute of Medicine, primary care is "the provision of _____, accessible health care services by clinicians who are _______ for addressing a large majority of health care needs..." A. efficient; well-compensated B. efficient; accountable C. integrated; trained D. integrated; accountable
D. integrated; accountable
Recent trends have shown _____________ trends in Medicare spending for EOL care with increasing age.
Decreasing
In the NYT article by Abelson, hospitals were consolidating with A. Other hospitals B. Private medical practices C. Urgent care clinics D. All of the above E. A and B
E. A and B
In Simon et al.'s study, "Exploring Attributes of High-Value Primary Care", which of the following were criteria for exclusion of primary care practices in the study? A. Practice sites operated by large multi-state health care organizations B. Practice sites that self-identified as only providing adult primary care C. Practice sites with more than sixty patients D. Practice sites with only one practitioner E. A and D F. B and D G. All of the above
E. A and D
According to the website "Seize the Awkward," what is a sign that someone might be struggling with their mental health? A. Taking more risks than usual B. Expressing feelings of hopelessness C. Changing sleeping or eating habits D. Social withdrawal E. All of the above
E. All of the Above
Besides combat veterans, what other high priority groups may receive VA healthcare? A. Former Prisoners of War B. World War I veterans C. Veterans who have received the Medal of Honor D. A and B E. All of the above
E. All of the above
How have people attempted to get necessary but unaffordable insulin, as shown by the WSJ video on insulin pricing? A. Social media B. Gofundme pages C. Buying insulin from those who have extra D. More than one of the above E. All of the above
E. All of the above
What is/ are the main goal(s) of transforming the Military Health System? A. Optimize delivery of the Quadruple Aim B. Modernize the TRICARE health plan C. Deliver healthcare as one efficient enterprise D. More than one of the above E. All of the above
E. All of the above
According to Kevin B. O'Reilly in his AMA article, "How IMGs have changed the face of American medicine," how have IMGs benefited the American health system? A. About one-third of IMGs work in outpatient settings B. Almost two-thirds work in primary care, a specialty that is facing a shortage of physicians C. They received their training in a different health system and can use this D. A and B only E. B and C only
E. B and C only: Almost two-thirds work in primary care, a specialty that is facing a shortage of physicians They received their training in a different health system and can use this
According to Cassel's JAMA article, which of the following is NOT a concern about retail clinic growth: A. Retail clinics may increase healthcare spending rather than being a substitution for more expensive care B. Patient data collected by large retail clinics may be used as a product instead of focusing on creating lower cost, personalized medicine C. There is an incentive for retail clinics to focus on profit rather than high quality care D. Visits to non-physicians could disrupt continuity of care E. Mixed results have been found when looking at the quality of care received at retail clinics
E. Mixed results have been found when looking at the quality of care received at retail clinics
While veterans under VA healthcare don't pay _____, they may be responsible for paying ______: A. Premiums; coinsurance B. Copayments; premiums C. Premiums; copayments D. Coinsurance; copayments E. More than one of the above
E. More than one of the above
The Military Health System (MHS) and Veterans Health Administration (VHA) overlap in the populations they aim to serve:
FALSE
True or False: According to the New Yorker article, "Medicine's Wellness Conundrum", the Flexner Report encouraged physicians to incorporate wellness practices into clinical care.
FALSE
True or False: All ambulatory care is primary care?
FALSE
True or False: All veterans are eligible for care through the VA.
FALSE
True or False: By definition, a public hospital is one that is open to the general public
FALSE
True or False: In the long-run, the ACA will reduce the need for primary care providers
FALSE
True or False: Patients who focus on disease control rather than palliative care at the end of life live longer.
FALSE
True or False: The Military Health System (MHS) is one of the largest health systems in the United States that delivers care to eligible patients only within the country:
FALSE
True or False: The Service Surgeon General administers all MTFs in the United States, while each respective DHA administers the overseas MTFs.
FALSE
True or False: The affluent use hospital services more intensively than the poor
FALSE
True or False: Veterans can remain enrolled in VA healthcare only within five years of their return from active duty
FALSE
True or false: The increasing number of NPs and PAs is enough to fill the gap caused by the decreasing number of primary care physicians
FALSE
Sood et al in their article, "The Flow of Money Through the Pharmaceutical Distribution System," claim that drug manufacturers: A. Make more profits on generics than name-brand drugs B. Fund copay assistance programs inn Ann attempt to prevent patients from switching to generics C. Often get paid the full list price they set D. Participate in a market more concentrated than PBMs
Fund copay assistance programs inn Ann attempt to prevent patients from switching to generics
According to Sood et al in their article, "The Flow of Money Through the Pharmaceutical Distribution System," what role to pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs) play? A. Negotiates with wholesalers about formulary placement for the company's products B. Negotiates with pharmacies to set reimbursement rates C. Attempts to get rebates, incentives, and discounts from the manufacturer on behalf of the health plan D. More than one of the above E. All of the above
More than one of the above
True or False: In order to receive hospice care, Medicare patients must give up curative therapy?
TRUE
True or False: Recent trends show decreases in Medicare spending for EOL Care with increasing age?
TRUE
True or False: Smaller practices are becoming less common as more physicians are joining larger physician organizations or hospitals
TRUE
True or False: Typically, tertiary care is highly specialized
TRUE
True or False: There is wide variation in the quality of healthcare services across the United States
TRUE
True or False: Hospital based emergency care is the only treatment to which Americans have a legal right, regardless of their ability to pay?
TRUE
True or False: In a skilled nursing facility, Medicare covers only short-term rehabilitation or convalescence.
TRUE
According to the 2018 Enrollment Priority Groups Table, all of the following types of veterans are considered part of the highest priority group EXCEPT: A. Veterans who were former POWs B. Veterans with service-connected disabilities (50% or more) C. Veterans with a MOH (Medal of Honor) D. Veterans determined to be unemployable due to service-connected disabilities
Veterans who were former POWs
