PHS QUIZ 2 (Ch 21)

Tsunami are correctly referred to as A) seismic sea waves. B) tidal waves. C) energy waves. D) mega waves.

Answer: ) seismic sea waves. Topic: Continental Evidence for Plate Tectonics

The San Andreas fault in California is a A) thrust fault. B) strike slip fault. C) normal fault. D) reverse fault.

Answer: ) strike slip fault. Topic: Continental Evidence for Plate Tectonics

The theory of seafloor spreading is attributed to A) Harry Hess. B) Marie Tharp. C) Alfred Wegener. D) Richard Oldham.

Answer: A) Harry Hess Topic: Acceptance of Continental Drift

The fastest seismic wave is a A) Primary wave. B) Secondary wave. C) Tertiary wave. D) Rayleigh wave.

Answer: A) Primary wave Topic: Seismic Waves

Seismic waves are classified as body waves and surface waves. An example of a body wave is a A) Primary wave (P-wave). B) Love wave. C) Rayleigh wave. D) Tertiary wave (T-wave).

Answer: A) Primary wave (P-wave). Topic: Seismic Waves

The upper mantle can be divided into two portions, the A) asthenosphere (lower zone of the upper mantle) and part of the lithosphere (the top zone of the upper mantle). B) asthenosphere (top zone of the upper mantle) and the lithosphere (the lower upper mantle). C) Moho and the lithosphere. D) continental mantle and the oceanic mantle.

Answer: A) asthenosphere (lower zone of the upper mantle) and part of the lithosphere (the top zone of the upper mantle). Topic: Earth's Internal Layers

At divergent boundaries the dominant rock type is A) basalt. B) granite. C) andesite. D) basalt, granite, and andesite.

Answer: A) basalt. Topic: The Theory That Explains the Geosphere

The dominant force at convergent boundaries is A) compression. B) tension. C) shearing. D) similar to that in normal faulting.

Answer: A) compression. Topic: The Theory of Plate Tectonics

Earthquake activity is associated with A) divergent, convergent, and transform plate boundaries. B) convergent and transform plate boundaries. C) divergent and convergent boundaries. D) transform plate boundaries.

Answer: A) divergent, convergent, and transform plate boundaries. Topic: The Theory That Explains the Geosphere

The Earth's layer with plastic-like behavior is the A) mantle. B) crust. C) inner core. D) outer core.

Answer: A) mantle. Topic: Earth's Internal Layers

The longest mountain chain in the world is the A) mid-ocean ridge. B) Himalayas. C) Appalachians. D) Sierra Nevada.

Answer: A) mid-ocean ridge. Topic: The Theory of Plate Tectonics

A fault in which the footwall has moved down relative to the hanging wall is called a A) normal fault. B) reverse fault. C) transform fault. D) horizontal fault.

Answer: A) normal fault. Topic: Continental Evidence for Plate Tectonics

Mountains tend to form in long narrow ranges because A) of plate convergence—plates coming together. B) pluton formation tends to develop in an elongate pattern rather than a bubble-like pattern. C) of plate divergence—plates squeezing together. D) they form next to oceanic boundaries.

Answer: A) of plate convergence—plates coming together. Topic: The Theory of Plate Tectonics

Plate tectonics differs from continental drift because it A) provides a credible driving force. B) did not explain the fit between South America and Africa. C) showed that ancient ice sheets did not exist. D) showed that Pangaea broke up much later than predicted.

Answer: A) provides a credible driving force. Topic: The Theory of Plate Tectonics

When rock is subjected to compressive force, it may fault. If rocks in the hanging wall are pushed up over rocks in the footwall, it is called a A) reverse fault. B) strike slip fault. C) normal fault. D) none of the above

Answer: A) reverse fault. Topic: Continental Evidence for Plate Tectonics

Earth's internal layers were discovered by studying A) seismic waves. B) the Mohorovicic discontinuity. C) Rayleigh and Love waves. D) convection cells.

Answer: A) seismic waves. Topic: Seismic Waves

Subduction occurs as a result of A) slab pull—gravity pulls older and denser lithosphere downward. B) horizontal plate accommodation. C) upwelling of hot mantle material along the trench. D) lubrication from the generation of andesitic magma. Answer: A

Answer: A) slab pull—gravity pulls older and denser lithosphere downward. Topic: The Theory of Plate Tectonics

The process in which one plate bends and descends beneath another plate is called A) subduction. B) seduction. C) segregation. D) sinking.

Answer: A) subduction Topic: The Theory of Plate Tectonics

According to the theory of seafloor spreading, molten rock is rising up along A) the mid-ocean ridges. B) trenches that border continental margins. C) islands surrounding the Pacific volcanic rim. D) areas of sinking seafloor.

Answer: A) the mid-ocean ridges. Topic: Acceptance of Continental Drift

The speed of a seismic wave depends on A) the type of material it travels through. B) how far it has to travel. C) its amplitude. D) its frequency.

Answer: A) the type of material it travels through. Topic: Seismic Waves

The theory of continental drift is attributed to A) H.H. Hess. B) Alfred Wegener. C) W. Loma Prieta. D) Simon Tectonic.

Answer: B) Alfred Wegener. Topic: Continental Drift - An Idea Before It's Time

The energy in an earthquake is released A) all at once. B) before the quake, after the quake, and during the quake. C) as an epicenter focus. D) in unconsolidated rock.

Answer: B) before the quake, after the quake, and during the quake. Topic: Continental Evidence for Plate Tectonics

Reverse faults are the result of A) tension. B) compression. C) divergence. D) heat.

Answer: B) compression. Topic: Continental Evidence for Plate Tectonics

The Richter magnitude scale measures an earthquake's A) frequency. B) energy in terms of ground shaking. C) damage. D) all of the above

Answer: B) energy in terms of ground shaking. Topic: Continental Evidence for Plate Tectonics

The Earth's magnetic field is attributed to the A) flow of molten liquid in Earth's inner core. B) flow of molten fluid in Earth's outer core. C) movement of lithospheric plates in the outer mantle. D) movement of lithospheric plates at Earth's surface.

Answer: B) flow of molten fluid in Earth's outer core. Topic: Earth's Internal Layers

Convection in Earth's mantle is attributed to A) sinking cold oceanic crust. B) gravity and heat flow. C) conduction of heat from Earth's core. D) temperature differences between continental and oceanic crust.

Answer: B) gravity and heat flow. Topic: The Theory of Plate Tectonics

The mantle is composed of A) iron and nickel. B) iron-rich silicate rocks. C) half liquid and half rocky material. D) solid rock.

Answer: B) iron-rich silicate rocks. Topic: Earth's Internal Layers

Continental crust is A) thinner than oceanic crust. B) less dense than oceanic crust. C) more dense than oceanic crust. D) thinner and more dense than oceanic crust.

Answer: B) less dense than oceanic crust. Topic: Earth's Internal Layers

The crustal surface and the uppermost part of the mantle is called the A) asthenosphere. B) lithosphere. C) mohorovicic. D) centrosphere.

Answer: B) lithosphere. Topic: Earth's Internal Layers

Tectonic plates are composed of the A) crust and mantle. B) lithosphere. C) lithosphere and the asthenosphere. D) crust.

Answer: B) lithosphere. Topic: The Theory of Plate Tectonics

A seismograph A) predicts earthquakes. B) measures ground movement. C) helps prevent earthquakes. D) measures fault displacement.

Answer: B) measures ground movement. Topic: Seismic Waves

The main idea of seafloor spreading is that A) lithosphere floats on the asthenosphere. B) new crust forms at a spreading center and old crust is recycled at a subduction zone. C) new crust is magnetized according to the existing magnetic field. D) the seafloor never stops growing.

Answer: B) new crust forms at a spreading center and old crust is recycled at a subduction zone. Topic: Acceptance of Continental Drift

Secondary waves can travel through all areas of Earth except the A) surface. B) outer core. C) inner core. D) mantle.

Answer: B) outer core. Topic: Seismic Waves

The theory of seafloor spreading is supported by A) geological, biological, and climatological data. B) paleomagnetic analysis of the ocean's floor. C) the change in Earth's polarity. D) none of these

Answer: B) paleomagnetic analysis of the ocean's floor. Topic: Acceptance of Continental Drift

We can say that Earth's crust floats on the mantle because A) the mantle is very hot and flows from internal convection. B) part of the mantle is hot enough to flow as a plastic solid. C) the continental crust floats on the oceanic crust. D) the mantle is below the crust.

Answer: B) part of the mantle is hot enough to flow as a plastic solid. Topic: Earth's Internal Layers

The concept of seafloor spreading states that A) Earth is expanding. B) seafloor is created at mid-ocean ridges and destroyed at deep ocean trenches. C) sea level is rising. D) earthquakes occur underwater.

Answer: B) seafloor is created at mid-ocean ridges and destroyed at deep ocean trenches. Topic: The Theory of Plate Tectonics

The dominant force at divergent boundaries is A) compression. B) tension. C) shearing. D) similar to that in reverse faulting.

Answer: B) tension. Topic: The Theory of Plate Tectonics

The stress that occurs when material is pulled apart is called A) compressional stress. B) tensional stress. C) shear stress. D) simple stress.

Answer: B) tensional stress. Topic: Continental Evidence for Plate Tectonics

When you stretch a rubber band, you are applying A) compressional stress. B) tensional stress. C) shear stress. D) simple stress.

Answer: B) tensional stress. Topic: Continental Evidence for Plate Tectonics

Where does a tsunami usually occur? A) transform—fault boundary B) underwater reverse fault C) divergent boundary D) continental—continental convergent boundary

Answer: B) underwater reverse fault Topic: Continental Evidence for Plate Tectonics

An anticline is a fold in which the limbs bend A) downward. B) upward.

Answer: B) upward. Topic: Continental Evidence for Plate Tectonics

Regions in which earthquakes are common are also regions in which A) hurricanes are common. B) volcanoes are common. C) the geomagnetic force is strong. D) many fossils are found.

Answer: B) volcanoes are common. Topic: The Theory of Plate Tectonics

Wegener's theory of continental drift A) was first considered a monumental breakthrough in science. B) was not accepted by the scientific community of the early 1900s. C) proved that heat flows convectively below Earth's surface. D) has been proved wrong.

Answer: B) was not accepted by the scientific community of the early 1900s. Topic: Continental Drift - An Idea Before It's Time

Earth's core is probably composed of A) silicate minerals. B) aluminum oxides. C) an iron-nickel alloy. D) calcium magnesium sulfate.

Answer: C) an iron-nickel alloy Topic: Earth's Internal Layers

The lithosphere floats atop the A) mantle. B) crust. C) asthenosphere. D) mohorovicic.

Answer: C) asthenosphere Topic: Earth's Internal Layers

In an undeformed sequence of rocks, the youngest rocks are found A) at the bottom of the rock sequence. B) as an eroded bed. C) at the top of the rock sequence. D) in the core of an anticline.

Answer: C) at the top of the rock sequence. Topic: Continental Evidence for Plate Tectonics

Volcanoes do not form at which type of convergent plate boundary? A) oceanic—oceanic boundaries B) oceanic—convergent boundaries C) continental—continental convergent boundaries

Answer: C) continental—continental convergent boundaries Topic: Continental Evidence for Plate Tectonics

Volcanic activity is associated with A) divergent, convergent, and transform boundaries. B) convergent and transform boundaries. C) divergent and convergent boundaries. D) divergent, convergent, and plate tectonic boundaries.

Answer: C) divergent and convergent boundaries. Topic: The Theory That Explains the Geosphere

The outer core is A) rock. B) plastic. C) liquid. D) the source for volcanoes.

Answer: C) liquid. Topic: Earth's Internal Layers

Motion in a P-wave is A) side to side. B) transverse. C) longitudinal. D) up and down.

Answer: C) longitudinal. Topic: Seismic Waves

The Mohorovicic discontinuity marks the change in rock density elasticity between the A) inner and outer core. B) core and the mantle. C) mantle and the crustal surface. D) asthenosphere and lithosphere.

Answer: C) mantle and the crustal surface. Topic: Earth's Internal Layers

The asthenosphere is part of the A) crust. B) lithosphere. C) mantle. D) outer core.

Answer: C) mantle. Topic: Earth's Internal Layers

Spreading centers occur along A) trenches. B) transform faults. C) mid-ocean ridges. D) the northern and western margins of the Juan de Fuca Plate.

Answer: C) mid-ocean ridges. Topic: The Theory of Plate Tectonics

Rocks in the core of an anticline are ________ than rocks away from the core. A) higher B) lower C) older D) younger

Answer: C) older Topic: Continental Evidence for Plate Tectonics

Most of Earth's seismic activity, volcanism, and mountain building occur along A) convergent boundaries. B) divergent boundaries. C) plate boundaries. D) transform fault boundaries.

Answer: C) plate boundaries. Topic: The Theory of Plate Tectonics

The inner core is solid because A) it is composed of iron and nickel. B) the surrounding outer layers act as a blanket to insulate the core. C) pressure from the weight of the surrounding layers prevents the inner core from melting. D) none of these, for the inner core is not solid, but is liquid

Answer: C) pressure from the weight of the surrounding layers prevents the inner core from melting Topic: Earth's Internal Layers

The moment magnitude scale measures the energy released by an earthquake. For each increase in magnitude, the energy released increases A) ten-fold. B) logarithmically. C) by 10. D) 30 times.

Answer: D) 30 times. Topic: Continental Evidence for Plate Tectonics

The Richter magnitude scale is logarithmic, each 1-point increase on the scale corresponds to a A) 100-fold increase in the amplitude of ground shaking. B) 30-fold increase in the amplitude of ground shaking. C) 10-fold increase in the amplitude of ground shaking. D) an increase of 30 times the energy for each magnitude.

Answer: D) an increase of 30 times the energy for each magnitude. Topic: Continental Evidence for Plate Tectonics

Earthquake P-waves A) travel in straight lines through Earth's core. B) cannot move through Earth's core. C) are transverse vibrations similar to sound waves. D) are longitudinal vibrations similar to sound waves.

Answer: D) are longitudinal vibrations similar to sound waves. Topic: Seismic Waves

The Earth's lithosphere A) is the same as the crust. B) consists of the crust and the asthenosphere. C) is the same as the mantle. D) consists of the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle.

Answer: D) consists of the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle. Topic: Earth's Internal Layers

The lithosphere includes A) continental and oceanic crust. B) the crust and the upper part of the mantle. C) part of the mantle and the crust. D) continental and oceanic crust and the upper part of the mantle.

Answer: D) continental and oceanic crust and the upper part of the mantle. Topic: Earth's Internal Layers

The Himalayan Mountains formed at which type of plate boundary? A) transform—fault boundary B) Oceanic—continental convergent boundary C) divergent boundary D) continental—continental convergent boundary

Answer: D) continental—continental convergent boundary Topic: Continental Evidence for Plate Tectonics

Lithospheric plates move in response to A) convection in Earth's interior. B) upper mantle convection cells. C) gravity and heat flow in the mantle. D) convection cells generated by gravity and heat flow in the mantle.

Answer: D) convection cells generated by gravity and heat flow in the mantle. Topic: The Theory of Plate Tectonics

The Mercalli scale measures an earthquake's A) effects. B) damage. C) intensity. D) intensity, damage, and overall effect.

Answer: D) intensity, damage, and overall effect. Topic: Continental Evidence for Plate Tectonics

Paleomagnetism from a rock gives information on the A) direction from the rock to the North Pole. B) present-day magnetic field. C) amount of iron in the rock. D) magnetic field at the time the rock was formed.

Answer: D) magnetic field at the time the rock was formed. Topic: Acceptance of Continental Drift

Convergent boundaries are regions of A) great mountain building. B) plate subduction. C) plate collision. D) plate collision, subduction, and mountain building.

Answer: D) plate collision, subduction, and mountain building. Topic: The Theory of Plate Tectonics

Plate tectonics states that A) the continents move through Earth's crust like an icebreaker through ice. B) earthquakes occur because tectonic plates break like a dropped dinner plate. C) tectonic plates have not moved since Pangaea broke up. D) tectonic plates are in slow, but constant motion.

Answer: D) tectonic plates are in slow, but constant motion. Topic: The Theory of Plate Tectonics

The Earth's magnetic field is generated in A) outer space. B) the crust. C) the mantle. D) the outer core.

Answer: D) the outer core. Topic: Earth's Internal Layers

According to plate tectonic theory, the San Andreas fault is a A) convergence zone. B) divergence zone. C) subduction zone. D) transform fault.

Answer: D) transform fault. Topic: The Theory of Plate Tectonics

The thickness of Earth's crust A) varies from 10 km under the continents to 60 km under the oceans. B) on average is about 10 km. C) on average is about 60 km. D) varies from 10 km under the oceans to 60 km under the continents.

Answer: D) varies from 10 km under the oceans to 60 km under the continents. Topic: Earth's Internal Layers

The outer core is thought to be molten because it A) is denser than the inner core. B) will not transmit P-waves. C) is made of iron and nickel. D) will not transmit S-waves.

Answer: D) will not transmit S-waves. Topic: Earth's Internal Layers

An Earthquake occurs as A) seismic waves travel to Earth's surface. B) energy released from Earth's interior travels to Earth's surface. C) energy released at Earth's surface travels to Earth's interior. D) seismic waves travel to Earth's interior. E) energy released from Earth's interior travels in the form of seismic waves to Earth's surface.

Answer: E) energy released from Earth's interior travels in the form of seismic waves to Earth's surface. Topic: Seismic Waves

Because S-waves do not travel through Earth's outer core, scientists inferred that the outer core is A) impenetrable. B) molten liquid. C) solid. D) very dense.

Answer: molten liquid Topic: Earth's Internal Layers