Phylum Porifera

Spongocytes

Produce thick skeletal spongin fibers

Lophocyte

Secrete & maintain collagen fibers

Synconoid

Sponge body form more complex than asconiod pattern; has incurrent canals and side passages lined with choanocytes; single osculum

Amoebocytes

amoeba-like cells found throughout the sponge; store, digest and transport food, excrete wastes, secrete skeleton and also may give rise to buds in asexual reproduction

Hermaphrodite

an animal that can produce both eggs and sperm

Porifera

aquatic invertebrate animals that comprises the sponges; "pore bearers"

Porocytes

cells which line the pores of the sponge; through which water is drawn

Sessile

describes an organism that remains attached to a surface for its entire life

Archeocytes

differentiate into any sponge cell; aide in digestion (phagocytosis) & internal transport

Oocyte

egg cell

budding

form of asexual reproduction in which a new, genetically-identical organism forms on the side of its parent

Calcarea

found in shallow coastal waters and all are marine

Hexactinellida

glass sponges; chiefly live in 500-1000 meter depth are syconoid sponges; all are marine

Sclerospongiae

have silicious spicules and spongin; also have an outer covering composed of calcium carbonate; are leuconoid sponges

Ostia

in-current pores that open into a central cavity called the spongocoel; it is lined with choanocytes or collar cells

Asymmetrical

irregular; lacking in symmetry or balance

Osculum

large hole at the top of the sponge through which water leaves the sponge

Filter feeder

organism that filters small particles from water to get its food

Pinacocytes

outer cells covering sponge; equivalent of epiderm

Internal fertilization

reproduction where eggs are fertilized inside the body

External fertilization

reproduction where the eggs are fertilized outside the body

Spicules

small, particles of silica or calcium carbonate that make up the skeleton of some sponges

Collar cells

specialized cell in sponges that uses a flagellum to move a steady current of water through the sponge, also called choanocytes

Spermocyte

sperm cell

Demospongiae

spicules are silicious if present otherwise skeleton is made of spongin or both; variously shaped some are huge; all are leuconoid; all but two families are marine- Spongillidae and Metaniidae- are freshwater with about 300 freshwater species; in North America are about 27 species in 11 genera (most belong to Spongillidae); this is the group from which we get our commercial sponges

Leuconoid

sponge body form with many chambers lined with choanocytes and connected via passive canals

gemmules

sponge cells protected by spicules that will survive and grow again when conditions are favorable.

Scleroblast

sponge cells that produce spicules

Spongocoel

the large, central cavity of sponges. Water enters through hundreds of tiny pores (Ostia) and exits through the larger opening (osculum).

Spongin

the network of protein fibers making up the simple skeleton of some sponges

Asconoid

the simplest of three sponge forms. these sponges are vaselike, with choanocytes directly lining the spongocoel

Pore cells

tubular cells that allow water to flow from the outside of the sponge to its central cavity

In-current canal

where water moves into the sponge

Ex-current canal

where water moves out of the sponge