Physical Science IA3 Review GCA short version
Non-metals
-Brittle when solid -Dull -Poor conductors -Lower melting and boiling points than metals
magnetic
A characteristic of those metals that are attracted to magnets and can be made into magnets
Periodic Table
A chart of the elements showing the repeating pattern of their properties
Wave
A disturbance that carries energy through matter and space.
State of Matter
A form that matter can take - solid, liquid, or gas.
temperature
A measure of how hot (or cold) something is; specifically, a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object.
force
A push or pull on an object.
Solid
A state of matter in which the substance has a definite shape and a definite volume.
Liquid
A state of matter in which the substance has a definite volume but takes the shape of it's container.
Gas
A state of matter in which the substance takes both the shape and the volume of it's container. It is measured by air pressure.
electron
A subatomic particle that has a negative charge
proton
A subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom
neutron
A subatomic particle that has no charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom
Metals
Are good conductors of electric current and heat. -Malleable -Ductile -Metallic luster -Solid at room temperature
Malleable
Capable of being shaped. Easy to shape or bend.
Acceleration
Change in speed or direction.
SPEED
Distance an object travels in a certain amount of time.
Metalloids
Elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals.
Chemical Energy
Energy that is stored in a substance and released during a chemical reaction, such as burning wood or eating an apple.
Frequency
How many wave peaks pass a certain point per given time.
Medium
Material through which a wave travels
conductors
Materials that allow electricity to flow through them (most metals).
Atomic Number
Number of protons in an atom
VELOCITY
Speed in a direction
CONSTANT SPEED
Speed that does not change
ACCELERATION
Speeding up, slowing down or changing direction
Mass
The amount of matter in an object or substance.
Volume
The amount of space that an object or substance takes up.
Wavelength
The distance between two corresponding parts of a wave
Alkali Metals
The elements in Group 1A of the periodic table (except Hydrogen). VIOLENTLY REACT with water, and produce alkaline (basic) substance.
Alkali Earth Metals
The elements in Group 2A of the periodic table. Shiny, Silvery-white Very reactive
Halogens
The elements in Group 7A of the periodic table. -Very reactive -Poisonous -Bleaches and disinfectants
Noble Gases
The elements in group 8A of the periodic table. -Colorless -Odorless -Extremely NONREACTIVE
effort
The force needed to move a load. The person exerts this.
Period
The horizontal rows on the periodic table. Elements in the same row have the same number of electron shells/energy levels.
Electrical Energy
The movement of electrical charges through wires.
work
The transfer of energy that occurs when a force makes an object move.
Family/Group
The vertical columns on the periodic table. Elements in the same group/family have the same number of valence electrons. (Except Helium which is in Group 8, but only has 2 valence e-)
Simple Machine
Tools that make work easier.
Net Force
Total Amount of Force acting on an object; force that causes acceleration
m/s^2, kmph^2, cm/s^2
Units of acceleration
m/s, cm/s, km/hr
Units of speed
30 m/s east, 28.9 cm/s south west
Units of veocity
Physical Property
What is a characteristic of matter that can be measured or observed without changing matter into something new?
10 m/s^2
What is the acceleration of a car increasing their speed from 0 m/s to 100 m/s in 10 seconds?
-10 m/s^2
What is the acceleration of a runner slowing down from 10 m/s to 0 m/s in 1 second?
series circuit
a circuit in which electric current flows in the same direction along a SINGLE path
parallel circuit
a circuit in which electric current flows through MORE THAN ONE path
matter
anything that has mass and takes up space.
kinetic energy
energy in motion
neutral
matter with no electric charge because it has an equal amount of positive and negative charges
charged particles
particles with negative and positive charges
Light Energy
radiant energy that an observer can see (light)
Amplitude
the distance from a wave's resting position to its crest or trough.
current electricity
the flow of electrical charges through a circuit
resistance force
the force that the machine exerts; the weight of the object you are moving.
circuit
the path which electric current flows
nucleus of atom
the positively charged dense center of an atom
Thermal Energy
the vibration and movement within substances causing heat
Atomic Mass
total mass of protons and neutrons
FORMULA FOR average or constant SPEED/VELOCITY
v=d/t
