Physical Science Student Bonus Questions
Why is an atom stable, DeBroglie said, "that electrons have wave properties." Select those wave properties. A. Interferes with itself B. Produces constructive interference C. Nature: only certain modes allowed D. Both A & B E. All of the above
All of the above
What is Newtons 1st law of motion?
An object stays in motion or at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced force
We know that a circular path has one radius of curvature. If the speedometer in your car is constant, one thing we can conclude is that
Any acceleration is perpendicular to the velocity
If an electron drops to a lower orbit level, then it emits a photon. In this case, an electron drops from orbit level n= 4 to orbit level n= 2. What color photon will this electron emit?
Aqua blue
Which scientist believed even if an object has a constant velocity there is still a push acting on it?
Aristotle
Who said : "If something is moving, there has to be a push or pull, even if at constant velocity."
Aristotle
What is the main difference between Galileo and Aristotle theorems?
Aristotle says that two things being dropped at the same time, the heavier object will hit first
Orbital sizes, shapes, and energies control how _________ combine.
Atoms
Water has a ________ structure with more ________ molecules on the hydrogen side and more ________ negative molecules on the oxygen side.
B. polarized; positive; negative
What is the universal fingerprint of hydrogen?
Balmer series
How do cops catch you speeding?
Beat frequency
What is NOT true about waves? A.They transport energy and momentum B. They generate Wavelets C. Behave the same as a Newtonian particle D. Not easily localized
Behave the same as a Newtonian particle
Prof. Mendeleev's periodic table of the elements had gaps. He predicted that scientists would find new elements that fit into those gaps, and he even predicted the chemical properties of those new elements. Other scientists responded to his prediction
By patiently working and tracking down the predicted elements; they filled all the gaps, verifying Mendeleev's idea.
Which statement is false regarding basic wave concepts? A) Waves transport energy and momentum across space time. B) Not easily localized C) Behaves the same as a Newtonian particle D) Simple wave equation is v=λf
C) Behaves the same as a Newtonian particle
Which one of these facts about mass is NOT true? A) The less mass an object has, the easier it is to change its dynamical state. B) Mass is a quantity that carries inertia. C) One gram is equal to a mass of cm^2 of H2O. D) An object can be balanced with countable cc's of water.
C) One gram is equal to a mass of cm^2 of H2O
What causes the dihedral angle in a water molecule?
Electrical polarity
For every continuous symmetry that an environment has, there is a corresponding conserved quantity" What famous physicist discovered this theorem?
Emmy Noether
Kinetic energy measures energy while in motion whereas Potential energy measures:
Energy that is stored
Formula for force
F=ma
You watch a football player plant his left foot and accelerate forward for the end zone. The force exerted on the football player by the ground has which combination of directions?
Forward and upward
Which of the following statements about Gravitational Potential Energy is false?
GPE decreases when Δy is positive or gaining altitude.
For a spatial change, delta y, the changes in kinetic energy and _____energy balance out.
Gravitational potential
What is considered the "one constant to rule them all"?
H, Planck's constant
DeBroglie said that electrons have the same properties as waves. This is referred to as:
wave-particle duality
The periodic of elements contains specific information about each element. Which item is not contained on the table:
# of neutrons
What does an element's atomic number on the periodic number tell us about the element?
# of protons in the nucleus
Some punks thought it would be funny to start a fight with Chuck Norris. Unfortunately for these punks, Mr. Norris' fists were flying before they even knew what was happening. Some kids taped a video of the brawl and the tape exposes Chuck's right fist accelerating towards the unlucky man's face. His uppercut's initial velocity was v1 = 8.0 m/sec, up, then later on as v2 = 12.6 m/sec, up. Using + to signify up and - to signify down, what would the ∆v be for Chuck's fist?
+4.6 m/sec
A 106 kg turtle running 3.56 m/s in the positive direction tackles a 76.1 kg frog opponent running towards him at 10.0 m/s and holds on. What is their velocity in m/sec just after the collision?
-2.1
If a speedometer is constant...
-Acceleration is along the imaginary radius of curvature -Changes only the direction of velocity -Any acceleration is perpendicular to velocity, because there's no speed up, no slow down
Why don't horizontal components change (neglecting air resistance)?
-No horizontal gravity -No horizontal force -No horizontal acceleration
In a thermodynamic process in which the amount of heat in the system is constant, the heat transferred is.
0
If an individual starts biking from 2 meters/second to 4 meters/second in 10 seconds, what is their acceleration?
0.2 m/sec^2
Private High Speed wants to earn his Grenadier badge. The only way to earn the badge is if he rolls a grenade far enough to where he doesn't blow up his battle buddy (who is right next to him). If the kill radius of the grenade is 15 meters, and the grenade has a mass of 3 kg, and it will detonate in 5 seconds, find the least amount of force (in Newton's) that Private High Speed must role the grenade to earn his Expert Grenadier badge?
10.62
How many phase transitions does water go through when it is converted from ice to steam?
2
You throw a ball straight up at 22.3 m/sec. How many seconds elapse before the ball is traveling downward at 6.3 m/sec?
2.9
Find the impulse when a 25kg mass has been pushed by a 150N force for 20 sec.
300 n s
If kinetic energy is 5.88 and mass is 0.60, what is the speed?
4.43 m/s
If a hot stove heats a pan up to 150 degrees Celsius, what temperature is the pan in Kelvins?
423 (add 273)
The Jacksonville Jaguars are facing off against the Carolina Panthers in Super Bowl 50. The score is tied with ten seconds left on the clock and the Jaguars have the ball on their own one-yard line. The ball is snapped and Blake Bortles decides to put the team on his back, rushing through an opening to the right at approximately 4.5m/sec. A linebacker weighing 63.50 kg makes the foolish attempt to tackle him, but Bortles goes unaffected, as his mass is 110 kg. What is Bortles' momentum as he rushes to make the game winning 99-yard touchdown?
495 kg m/sec
It takes the chicken 6.1 seconds traveling at a average speed of 1.20 meters per second to cross the road. What is the distance to cross the road in meters?
7.32m
Number of electrons: 79, Number of neutrons: 118. How many protons does this metal have in its neutral state?
79
Scientists discover a new element, X, that has an atomic number (# of protons) of 225 and a mass number of 314. Based on your knowledge of the periodic table, how many neutrons are in the nucleus of element X?
89 (mass # = protons + neutrons)
A ball rolls over the edge of a table with a horizontal velocity v m/s. The height of the table is 1.6 m and the horizontal range of the ball from the base of the table is 20 m. What is the magnitude and direction of the ball's acceleration right after it leaves the table?
9.8 m/sec^2
To predict the future position and state of motion you need all of the following EXCEPT: A. initial position B. initial velocity C. mass D. formula by which system evolves over time
Mass
Universal Gravitation depends on which of the following?
Mass and distance
Which physical factor(s) does universal gravitation depend?
Mass and distance
Universal Gravitation depends on what physical factor(s)?
Mass of each object & their distance apart
Which scientist was responsible for writing a new theory of blackbody radiation introducing the quantum of energy?
Max Planck
Some substances, called poor heat conductors or insulators, do not allow heat to pass through them. Which of these is not an example of an insulator? A. Wood B. Glass C. Metal D. Rubber
Metal
Who discovered that electric current could be generated by magnet?
Michael Faraday
Universal Gravitation, one of Newton's great achievements, depends on what physical factor(s)? A. Mass of each object B. Velocity of each object C. Distance apart of the objects D. A and C E. None of the above
A & C
When observing a vertical free fall path... A. DeltaY is increasing B. DeltaY increments are equal C. DeltaP increments are equal D. b & c are both correct E. a & c are both correct
A and C are correct
Chuck Norris sends his best friend Dr. B a video of him surfing; showing off his awesome moves and his new swim trunks. Dr. B plays the video in class for his students and mentions the wave is in the first excited state, which is....
A bump and a dip oscillating with a dip and a bump
Unlike conduction and convection, radiation does not require which of the following in order to transfer heat? A. Energy B. A material medium C. Space D. Electromagnetic waves
A material medium
Which of the following is NOT true in regards to a gas? A) The molecules have an opposite attraction. B) The group of molecules move at a random distribution of speeds. C) The molecules ricochet from one another. D) The molecules are far apart from one another.
A) The molecules have an opposite attraction.
The average kinetic energy is proportional to...
Absolute temperature
What is the motion represented in an abstract velocity vs. time graph?
Acceleration
Austin and Tyler mount their skateboards at the top of the incline in the lecture hall and push off. For Dr. B to predict the future position and state of motion of the skateboarders, he will need: A) initial position B) initial velocity C) time evolution equation D) equation of motion E) all of the above
All of the above
For Galileo to predict the future position and state of motion, he needs A. initial position B. initial velocity C. some formula by which the system evolves over time D. All of the above
All of the above
The Philosopher Democritus Believed that atoms differed from each other only in... A. Shape B. Size C. Arrangement D. Position E. All of the above
All of the above
Which of the following is NOT correct regarding Newton's 2nd Law? A. Unbalanced forces acting on an object causes acceleration B. If two objects have different masses and are acted upon by the same amount of force, the heavier object will accelerate less C. Velocity is the quantity that carries inertia D. Accelerations depend on how much mass an object has and how big the push or pull force is
C. Velocity is the quantity that carries inertia
What concept was used as leverage to help Sir Isaac Newton figure out his law of universal gravitation?
Centripetal acceleration
The weight force is parallel to the velocity when an object falls. As a result
Change in speed is increasing
Chuck Norris placed a cold spoon into a hot coffee mug. The spoon soon became equally as hot as the coffee mug. This is due to _____________.
Conduction
Physical contact between two objects where heat flows easily and the temperature of the cooler object raises, describes which mode of heat transport?
Conduction
This type of energy occurs in liquids and gasses, is triggered when cold water is heated and the transfer of heat is a lot easier in gasses than in liquids?
Convection
Galileo's conceptual breakthrough in studying motion was:
Defining a new state of motion: the inertial state of constant speed and direction
Which of the following scientists believed that atoms differed from each other only in shape, size, arrangment and position?
Democritus
Which of the following is a characteristic of Coulomb the Scientist?
Discovered the torsion force
Which side of water has a more polarized structure?
Hydrogen end
What is Newton's 2nd law of motion?
If there are unbalanced forces, an object will accelerate.
___________ made a complete explanation of the abstract concept of force.
Isaac Newton
Which scientist discovered the model of an atom known as the "plum-pudding" model, which was thought to be electrons squished into a positive particle?
J.J Thompson
Who studied the flow of electric current through gases at low pressure, and named the device a cathode ray?
J.J. Thompson
Who discovered that all planets orbit on ellipses with the sun at the focus of the ellipse?
Johannes Kepler
What is the unit of work?
Joule
In what order is the information on each element tile from the periodic table organized?
Name, atomic number, chemical symbol, atomic weight
Your car moves in a circle at a constant speed of 100 m/s. What is the acceleration of your car?
Need more information
Why don't humans diffract through doorways?
Our momentum is too big
In reference to Bohr's theory, what MUST an electron give off in order to drop orbital levels?
Photons
There are three modes of heat transport: Conduction, Convection, and Radiation. Which of these causes heat up of a material if absorbed which can also lead to sunburn?
Radiation
What did Galileo NOT say about acceleration?
Repeating itself in a different manner
What describes the exchange of sound waves between two tubes resulting from the exertion of energy from one of the tubes (as shown in class)?
Resonance
Which of the following scientists was NOT involved in developing key concepts of electricity? A. Michael Faraday B. Robert Hooke C. J.J. Thomson D. James Clark Maxwell
Robert Hooke
Who fired Alpha particles at a thin layer of gold foil and detected backscattering?
Rutherford
Coulomb interaction is
Similar to Universal Gravitation
_______________ is scalar quantity that encodes position change over time.
Speed
During uniform circular motion, if speedometer is constant, the net force that produces the acceleration depends on what factor(s)?
Speed and tightness of curve/ radius of curvature
How does bending your knees as you land affect your stopping time?
Stopping time is longer
Which of the following is NOT true about a water molecule? A) The angle between Hydrogen and Oxygen is 104.4776 degrees B) The Hydrogen end is more positive C) The Oxygen end is neutral D) The distances from Hydrogen to Oxygen are 0.0958 nm
The Oxygen end is neutral
Which situation does the car have eastward acceleration?
The car travels westward and slows down
Which of the following is the correct explanation of two objects coming to thermal equilibrium?
The object at the higher temperature transfers heat energy into the object at the lower temperature until both of their temperatures are equal
Which of the following is NOT one of the quantities we must use to predict the position of a baseball 3 seconds from now? A) the rate at which the object's velocity changes over time B) the object's position right now C) the object's relationship universal gravitation D) the object's velocity right now
The object's relationship universal gravitation
The buoyant force exerted by a fluid on an entirely submerged object is equal to:
The weight of the fluid displaced by the submerged object
What is the more specific name for what we know as "static cling"?
Triboelectricity
Which is not true about gases? A. each obeys F=ma B. they have random distribution speeds C. we can note the position and state for every molecule D. they have a huge range from slow to fast
We can note the position and state for every molecule
The Kelvin Scale was developed by whom?
William Thompson
Which is the correct formula for centripetal acceleration and force, when they're acting together?
mv^2/r
All materials with temperatures above absolute zero:
radiate heat (energy)
What is the correct order of the electromagnetic spectrum from longest to shortest wavelength?
radio, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-ray