Physical Science, Summary Notes - Chemical Bonds

Nonmetals

A covalent bond forms between two_______________.

Ion

A______ is the name for an atom that has positive (+) or negative (-) charge.

Covalent

A___________ bond is formed between two nonmetals.

Compound

A_____________________is formed when two or more different elements chemically combine together.

Ionic

A__________bond is formed due to the attraction between (+) and (-) ions.

Full

All other elements form compounds because they want to achieve a________outer shell.

Share

Atoms_________ one or more electrons with each other to form the bond.

Share

Covalent bonds form because both nonmetal atoms want to___________valence electrons; neither wants to lose valence electrons.

Full

Each atom is left with a _____ outer shell

Shells

Electrons are found in_________around the nucleus.

Compounds

Elements will link together to form____________________.

Water (H2O)-little two, stomach acid (HCI), natural gas (CH3)-little three, table sugar (C12H22O11)-little twelve, twenty two, and eleven, and rubbing alcohol (C3H8O)-little three and eight.

Examples of covalent compounds are:

General properties of ionic compounds are:

Form crystals, hard and brittle, very high melting points, conductors when dissolved in water, and insulators when solid.

Huge variety, soft if solid, low melting points, electrical insulators, do not dissolve well, and some are flammable.

General properties of covalent compounds are:

Protons, electrons

In their natural state, atoms have no overall charge. This is because in the nucleus, the number of_______________equals the number of_______________.

*Metal, nonmetal, loses, gains*

Ionic bonds form between a__________ and a _______________. During formation of this type of bond, the metal________ valence electrons while the nonmetal________ valence electrons.

Full

Most elements don't have a_______outer shell.

Reactive

Noble gases are not_____________.

Double, triple

Nonmetals can share more than 1 pair of electrons.__________covalent bonds are formed when 2 pairs are shared, and_________bonds are formed when 3 pairs are shared.

Examples of ionic compounds are:

Plant fertilizer (K3N)-little three, tooth fluoride (NaF), M&M logo (TiO2)-little two, and bone minerals (CaO).

Not, share

Since two nonmetals both will______lose electrons, they must__________them instead.

Electrons

Some elements gain or lose_____________ to be stable.

never

Some elements___________form compounds.

Oxidation number

The charge an atom achieves when it gains or loses electrons from its valence shell.

Valency

The number of outer energy level electrons in an element is also called its______________(or valence number).

Ionic and Covalent

The two major types of chemical bonding are:

Noble Gases, full

The__________ ___________ are a group of elements that do not form compounds naturally. This is because their outer electron shell is_______.

Sharing electrons

What happens to the electrons in covalent bonding?

Gaining or losing electrons

What happens to the electrons in ionic bonding?

Valence, bonding

______________electrons are those found in the outermost energy level, or shell. They are important because they are the only electrons that participate in (chemical) ______________. (Gives an element its valency)

Atoms

_________can share more than one pair of electrons.

Valency

number of outer shell electrons.