Physical Science, Unit 4: Atoms and Periodic Table, Vocabulary

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Atomic Number

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom; the atomic number is the same for all atoms of an element.

Atom

The smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element.

Electron Cloud

A region around the nucleus of an atom where electrons are likely to be found.

Electron

A subatomic particle that has a negative charge.

Neutron

A subatomic particle that has no charge and that is located in the nucleus of an atom.

Proton

A subatomic particle that has positive charge and that is located in the nucleus of an atom; the number of protons in the nucleus is the atomic number, which determines the identity of the element.

Atomic Mass Unit

A unit of mass that describes the mass of an atom or molecule.

Group

A vertical column of elements in the periodic table; elements in a group share chemical properties.

Isotope

An atom that has the same number of protons (or the same atomic number) as other atoms of the same element do but that has a different number of neutrons (and thus a different atomic mass)

Halogen

One of he elements of Group 7 of the periodic table (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine); halogens combine with most metals to form salts.

Alkali Metal

One of the elements in Group 1 of the periodic table (lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium.

Noble Gas

One of the elements of Group 18 of the periodic table (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon); noble gases are unreactive.

Alkaline-earth Metal

One of the elements of Group 2 of the periodic table (beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium)

Periodic Law

The law that states that the repeating chemical and physical properties of elements change periodically with the atomic numbers of elements.

Atomic Mass

The mass of an atom expressed in atomic mass units.

Mass Number

The sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

Periodic

Describes something that occurs or repeats at regular intervals.

Period

In chemistry, a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table.

Nucleus

In physical science, an atom's central region, which is made up of protons and neutrons.


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