Physio Ch.16 MCQB Part 2

439) _________ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced. a) Leukemia b) Anemia c) Thrombocytopenia d) Polycythemia e) Leukopenia

b) Anemia

457) A molecule that activates plasminogen prior to the time that a clot forms would a) cause clot formation to proceed faster. b) cause clot formation to take longer. c) have no effect on the rate of clot formation.

b) cause clot formation to take longer.

455) How would a decrease in the concentration of calcium ion in the blood affect the process of hemostasis? a) platelet plugs would fail to form b) coagulation would proceed more slowly c) coagulation would proceed more rapidly d) retraction would occur prematurely e) plasmin would fail to function

b) coagulation would proceed more slowly

418) The process of red blood cell production is called __________. a) erythropenia b) erythropoiesis c) hematopenia d) erythrocytosis e) hemocytosis

b) erythropoiesis

412) The percentage of whole blood occupied by red blood cells is the __________. a) differential cell count b) hematocrit c) specific gravity d) pH e) viscosity

b) hematocrit

425) The majority of the protein inside a red blood cell is a) immunoglobulin. b) hemoglobin. c) porphyrin. d) albumin. e) fibrinogen.

b) hemoglobin.

430) Erythropoiesis increases when a) carbon dioxide levels in the blood decrease. b) oxygen levels in the blood decrease. c) protein levels in the blood increase. d) oxygen levels in the blood increase. e) carbon dioxide levels in the blood increase.

b) oxygen levels in the blood decrease.

400) The fluid portion of the blood, containing primarily water plus proteins (including the coagulation proteins), is called __________. a) interstitial fluid b) plasma c) blood d) serum e) lymph

b) plasma

450) The common pathway of coagulation begins with __________. a) the activation of a clotting factor that converts fibrinogen to fibrin b) the activating of a clotting factor that converts prothrombin to thrombin c) the sticking of platelets to damaged tissue d) the activation of a proenzyme exposed to collagen e) the release of tissue factor by damaged endothelium

b) the activating of a clotting factor that converts prothrombin to thrombin

437) The waste product bilirubin is produced from a) the globin chains of hemoglobin. b) the portions of heme molecules that do not contain iron. c) the portions of heme molecules that contain iron. d) abnormal proteins found in red blood cells. e) the iron found in hemoglobin molecules.

b) the portions of heme molecules that do not contain iron.

458) Persons who suffer from hemophilia A fail to produce a functional factor VIII, as a result, a) they do not have a functional common pathway. b) they do not have a functional intrinsic pathway. c) they do not have a functional extrinsic pathway. d) their clotting times are shorter than normal. e) all of the above

b) they do not have a functional intrinsic pathway.

411) A unique aspect of hematopoiesis is that __________. a) neutrophils direct all development from the lymph nodes b) white blood cell development varies with the specific needs of the body c) white blood cell production always results in the same proportions of leukocytes d) lymphocytes never die e) none of the above

b) white blood cell development varies with the specific needs of the body

422) The average lifespan of a red blood cell is __________. a) 1 week b) 6 months c) 4 months d) 1 month e) 1 year

c) 4 months

397) The total volume of blood in the body of a 70 kg man is approximately __________. a) 25 liters b) 10 liters c) 5 liters d) 2 liters e) less than 2 liters

c) 5 liters

446) _________ involves a complex sequence of steps leading to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. a) The platelet phase b) Vasoconstriction c) Coagulation d) Retraction e) Fibrinolysis

c) Coagulation

456) Which of the following are the anticoagulants known to be produced by the body? a) tissue plasminogen activator and plasmin b) prostacyclin and heparin c) antithrombin III and heparin d) antithrombin III and plasmin e) heparin and plasmin

c) antithrombin III and heparin

419) Red blood cell production is primarily regulated by __________. a) M-CSF b) angiotensin I c) erythropoietin d) cobalamin e) thymosin

c) erythropoietin

421) The primary organ where erythropoietin is produced is the __________. a) endothelial cells throughout the body b) spleen c) kidney d) liver e) bone marrow

c) kidney

408) During a viral infection you would expect to see increased numbers of a) basophils. b) eosinophils. c) lymphocytes. d) neutrophils. e) thrombocytes.

c) lymphocytes.

452) The human enzyme that can digest the fibrin strands and cause erosion of the clot's foundation is __________. a) tissue plasminogen activator b) streptokinase c) plasmin d) thrombin e) heparin

c) plasmin

417) In adults, red blood cells are formed in __________. a) yellow bone marrow b) the liver c) red bone marrow d) lymph nodes e) the spleen

c) red bone marrow

424) Each red blood cell is shaped as a biconcave disk. This allows it to a) move in response to osmotic conditions. b) synthesize new proteins and membrane components readily. c) squeeze through narrow capillaries. d) A and B e) A, B, and C

c) squeeze through narrow capillaries.

447) The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by a) the sticking of platelets to damaged tissue. b) the release of tissue factor by damaged endothelium. c) the activation of proenzyme exposed to collagen. d) the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. e) the release of heparin from the liver.

c) the activation of proenzyme exposed to collagen.

451) The step in the coagulation cascade that occurs just before the crosslinking that stabilizes the clot is a) the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. b) the activation of clotting factor IX. c) the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. d) the activation of clotting factor XII. e) none of the above

c) the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.

423) The function of red blood cells is __________. a) to carry nutrients from the digestive system to the body's cells b) to defend the body against infectious organisms c) to carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's cells d) to remove nitrogenous wastes from active tissues e) to remove carbon dioxide from the lungs

c) to carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's cells

414) A normal adult hematocrit would be approximately __________%. a) 100 b) 75 c) 66 d) 45 e) 10

d) 45

438) When red blood cells die, many of their components are recycled. Which statement is NOT correct? a) Elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood cause jaundice, evidenced by yellowing of the whites of the eyes and the skin. b) The liver metabolizes bilirubin into bile, which enters the digestive tract and may leave the body with the feces. c) Amino acids can be recycled into new globin chains. d) Bilirubin is excreted only by the kidneys. e) Heme is converted into bilirubin by the spleen and liver.

d) Bilirubin is excreted only by the kidneys

416) __________ regulates the growth and maturation of megakaryocytes. a) Colony-stimulating factors b) Interleukins c) Erythropoietin d) Thrombopoietin e) none of the above

d) Thrombopoietin

413) A hematocrit is used to indicate a) the ratio of red blood cells to the total blood volume. b) the packed cell volume. c) anemia. d) all of the above e) none of the above

d) all of the above

427) A function of hemoglobin is to __________. a) protect the body against infectious agents b) carry nutrients from the intestine to the body's cells c) aid in the process of blood clotting d) carry oxygen e) all of the above

d) carry oxygen

453) The process of fibrinolysis a) draws torn edges of damaged tissue closer together. b) activates fibrinogen. c) forms thrombi. d) dissolves clots. e) forms emboli.

d) dissolves clots.

404) Plasma proteins that are necessary for blood clotting are the __________. a) metalloproteins b) immunoglobulins c) lipoproteins d) fibrinogens e) albumins

d) fibrinogens

441) Platelets are a) large cells with a prominent, indented nucleus. b) small cells with a many-shaped nucleus. c) large cells that lack a nucleus. d) fragments of large cells. e) small cells that lack a nucleus.

d) fragments of large cells.

432) When a person who lives in a city at sea level vacations in the high altitudes of the Rocky Mountains, you would expect to observe an increase in a) the number of lymphocytes in his/her blood. b) the density of his/her bone marrow. c) his/her white blood cell count. d) his/her red blood cell count. e) the number of platelets in his/her blood.

d) his/her red blood cell count.

415) Thrombopoietin is produced in the a) adrenal gland. b) bone marrow. c) spleen. d) liver. e) A and B

d) liver.

435) The carrier protein that transports absorbed iron through the blood is __________. a) hemoglobin b) erythropoietin c) thrombopoietin d) transferrin e) none of the above

d) transferrin

401) Plasma is mostly a) organic molecules. b) blood cells. c) ions. d) water. e) proteins.

d) water.

398) Kelly is a 50 kg adult. Her blood volume is approximately _________. a) 2 gallons b) 9 pints c) 6 quarts d) 5 liters e) 3.5 liters

e) 3.5 liters

403) The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are a) transport proteins. b) lipoproteins. c) globulins. d) fibrinogens. e) albumins.

e) albumins.

399) Blood is composed of __________. a) cellular elements b) cell fragments c) blood cells d) plasma e) all of the above

e) all of the above

429) The level of erythropoietin in the blood would rise a) at high altitudes. b) when blood flow to the kidneys is disrupted. c) as a consequence of hemorrhage. d) during anemia. e) all of the above

e) all of the above

440) Which of the following situations could result in anemia? a) lack of vitamin B12 in the diet b) dietary deficiency of iron c) disease of the red bone marrow d) hemorrhage e) all of the above

e) all of the above

442) Which is true about platelets? Platelets __________. a) are also called thrombocytes b) are smaller than red blood cells, colorless, and have no nucleus c) are derived from huge cells called megakaryocytes d) arise from cells in the bone marrow e) all of the above

e) all of the above

444) Platelets function in __________. a) contraction after clot formation b) transporting chemicals important for clotting c) forming temporary patches in injured areas d) initiating the clotting process e) all of the above

e) all of the above

405) Mast cells in tissues are considered to be a type of a) eosinophil. b) neutrophil. c) monocyte. d) lymphocyte. e) basophil.

e) basophil.

448) Tissue factor is released in the a) intrinsic pathway. b) fibrinolytic pathway. c) common pathway. d) retraction pathway. e) extrinsic pathway.

e) extrinsic pathway.

428) Each of these statements concerning erythrocytes is true except one. Identify the exception. Erythrocytes a) are biconcave discs. b) can form stacks called rouleaux. c) lack mitochondria. d) are specialized for carrying oxygen. e) have a large nucleus.

e) have a large nucleus.

431) A constriction of the arteries that carry blood to the kidneys would result in a) anemia. b) increased numbers of lymphocytes. c) decreased elimination of vitamin K. d) decreased erythropoiesis. e) increased erythropoiesis.

e) increased erythropoiesis.

434) The porphyrin ring of heme contains an atom of __________. a) magnesium b) calcium c) sodium d) copper e) iron

e) iron

406) Monocytes leave the circulation to go to the tissues, where they are called a) basophils. b) neutrophils. c) lymphocytes. d) eosinophils. e) macrophages.

e) macrophages.

445) Which event occurs first in preventing bleeding? a) fibrinogen is converted into fibrin b) formation of a platelet plug c) formation of a thrombus d) platelet aggregation e) platelet adhesion

e) platelet adhesion

436) Under normal circumstances, aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by the a) yellow bone marrow. b) digestive tract. c) thymus gland. d) kidneys. e) spleen.

e) spleen.

454) What factors help prevent clot formation in intact blood vessels? a) Collagen is hidden unless a vessel is damaged, attracting platelets and promoting their adhesion. b) Damaged endothelial cells release nitric oxide, which facilitates platelet adhesion. c) Endothelial cells have prostacyclin in their membranes, which block platelet adhesion. d) A and B e) A and C

a) Collagen is hidden unless a vessel is damaged, attracting platelets and promoting their adhesion. and c) Endothelial cells have prostacyclin in their membranes, which block platelet adhesion. e) A and C

443) Platelets do not have a) a nucleus. b) any color. c) mitochondria. d) A and C e) A and B

a) a nucleus. and b) any color. e) A and B

426) A hemoglobin molecule is composed of __________. a) four protein chains and four heme groups b) four heme groups but no protein c) four protein chains and nothing else d) two protein chains e) three protein chains

a) four protein chains and four heme groups

402) Plasma proteins that are important in body defense are the a) immunoglobulins. b) metalloproteins. c) fibrinogens. d) albumins. e) lipoproteins.

a) immunoglobulins.

420) The primary stimulus for the release of erythropoietin is __________. a) low oxygen levels in the tissues b) low blood pressure c) hypoxia d) A and B e) A and C

a) low oxygen levels in the tissues and c) hypoxia e) A and C

407) Meghan thinks she has an abscessed tooth (a bacterial infection). If she does, what type of white blood cell would you expect to see in elevated numbers in a differential count? a) neutrophils b) basophils c) monocytes d) lymphocytes e) eosinophils

a) neutrophils

409) Which cellular element is INCORRECTLY matched with a fact or a function? a) platelets → fragment from a macrophage b) leukocytes → defense against foreign invaders c) platelets → coagulation d) erythrocytes → transport oxygen e) none of these is incorrectly matched

a) platelets → fragment from a macrophage

410) The cell that is the progenitor of all the types of blood cells is called the a) pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell. b) reticulocyte.megakaryocyte. c) committed progenitor cell. d) progenitor. e) none of the above

a) pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell.

433) What would be the main effect on red blood cells of a drug that interferes with hemoglobin synthesis? a) the cells formed would not be able to carry as much oxygen as normal b) the cells formed would carry larger amounts of carbon dioxide c) fewer cells than normal would be formed d) the cells would be round like spheres e) all of the above

a) the cells formed would not be able to carry as much oxygen as normal

449) The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by a) the release of tissue factor by damaged endothelium. b) the activation of a proenzyme exposed to collagen. c) the release of heparin from the liver. d) the sticking of platelets to damaged tissue. e) the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.

a) the release of tissue factor by damaged endothelium.