Physio-Muscles

Place events of muscle contraction in the correct order: 1)A nerve impulse causes Ach release at the neuromuscular junction 2)ACh binds receptors on the motor end plate, initiating muscle impulse 3) Calcium ions bind to troponin causing tropomyosin to move and expose active sites 4) Myosin heads attach to actin and form crossbridges 5)A cyclic "attach, pivot, detach, return" event occurs 6) Myofilaments passively return to their original state 7)Calcium ions are moved back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum by ATP driven pumps

1,2,3,4,5,6,7

The are of the muscle fiber where the actin and myosin myofilaments overlap the ___ band

A

The source of energy for bonding between myosin and actin is ____

ATP

During the latent or lag period of a muscle twitch, what is happening inside the muscle cell?

Calcium is being released from the sarcoplasm

What is the source of energy for the phospogen system (ex: sprinter, 8-10 sec)

Creatine phosphate

What is the difference between unfused tetanus and fused tetanus?

Fused tetanus has more frequency of stimulation at least 90 every second

What is the source of energy for glycogen lactic acid system (ex: swimmer, 1.3-1.6 mins)

Glucose

What are the sources of energy for aerobic respiration? (ex: marathon runner, unlimited time)

Glucose, fat, & amino acids

Once contraction stops, unused calcium does what?

Goes back into sarcoplasmic reticulum (pumped back through active transport)

During contraction, the actin myofilaments slide toward the ___ zone

H

The region of the sarcomere that contains ONLY the thick filaments is the ____ ____

H zone

____ acid increases during strenuous activity

Lactic

What are the muscle fiber types that would help during the following activities? a) Marathon running? b) Shot put? c) Long distance swimming? d) Dunking a basketball?

a) slow oxidative b) fast glycolytic c) slow oxidative d) fast glycolytic

____ is the primary neurotransmitter in muscle contraction

acetylcholine

Myofibrils are composed of protein filaments called ___ and __ causing striations

actin, myosin

What is the pathway which produces the largest amount of ATP for muscle contraction?

aerobic

The metabolic pathway which only used glucose and/or glycogen only to create ATP is ______

anaerobic

Resting tremors indicate ____ _____ damage

basal nucleus

The area of the brain that degenerates with Parkinson's disease is called the ___ ____

basal nucleus

The specific area of the brain responsible for initiating and terminating motor movements is the __ ___

basal nucleus

The sequence of crossbridge formation and myofilament movement will be repeated as long as ____ ions are present

calcium

In biceps brachi, each motor unit controls ___ amount of muscle fibers than a motor unit in the eye muscles

more

Intention tremors indicate ____ _____ damage

motor cerebellar

A positive finger to nose test indicates what kind of damage?

motor cerebellar damage

All the muscle fibers under the control of a single motor axon is referred to as a ____ ___

motor unit

Place the organizational level of muscle tissue in order, beginning with the entire muscle and ending with the smallest component : myofibril, muscle fiber, muscle ,myofilament, fascicle

muscle, fascicle, muscle fiber, myofibril, myofilament

The bond between the actin and myosin head is broken when ATP binds to ____ head

myosin

the receptors on the skeletal muscle are ____

nicotinic

Do thick and thin myofilaments shorten upon muscle contraction?

no

The amount of additional oxygen that must be inhaled following exercise to restore pre exercise conditions is called ____ _____

oxygen debt

If someone had a positive Romberg test, and is unable to determine the position of limbs/body parts in space when further assessed, the deficit would most likely be attributed to ____

proprioception

the muscle cell membrane is called the ____

sarcolemma

The distance from one Z disk to the next Z disc is called ___

sarcomere

An action potential causes calcium ions to diffuse from the _____ ______ into the _____ (also called?)

sarcoplasmic reticulum, sarcoplasm (cytoplasm)

The fibers that are smallest in diameter are used in longer duration, low intensity activities are ___ ___ ___

slow oxidative fibers

The component of muscle fiber that quickly transports a muscle impulse from the sarcolemma throughout the entire muscle fiber are called

t-tubules

____ are invaginations of the sarcolemma of a muscle cell

t-tubules

A sustained muscular contraction is called ____

tetanus

During the contraction of a muscle, calcium ions bind to ____

troponin

the proteins of thin filaments are actin, ___, and ___

troponin, tropomyosin

The motor neurons that specifically take motor impulses from the brain to the spinal cord are ___ ____ ___

upper motor neuron