Physiological Psychology (Ch. 8)

For a normal person, about how long does an average sleep cycle last?

90 minutes

What does cataplexy involve?

An attack of muscle weakness while awake

Which statement is true with regard to the duration of a self-generated sleep/activity cycle?

It is highly consistent in a given individual in a given environment.

Gala is studying for a quiz on circadian rhythms. She writes in her notes that the two proteins that influence circadian rhythms by building up during the day and declining during sleep are ______.

PER and TIM

According to the activation-synthesis hypothesis, what do dreams reflect?

The brain's attempt to make sense of spontaneous neural activity

Which claim is most consistent with the evolutionary perspective of sleep?

The function of sleep is similar to that of hibernation.

If we compare either different species or different ages, what trend emerges?

The more total sleep, the higher the percentage of REM sleep

Eugino has a large number of PGO waves. He is likely ____.

in REM sleep

Cari's EEG recording shows sleep spindles and K-complexes. What is happening?

she has entered stage 2 sleep

Orexin, produced by neurons in the hypothalamus, appears to be necessary for ____.

staying awake

Mose has been told that he sleepwalks. When is he more likely to do this?

during SWS

Professor King is talking about sleep and tells the class that REM sleep is called paradoxical because _____.

it is light sleep in some ways and deep sleep in other ways

A disruption of circadian rhythms due to crossing time zones is known as ____.

jetlag

Professor Morant tells her class that the most potent zeitgeber for land animals (including humans) is _____.

light

While Arlette is sleeping, her locus coeruleus is _____.

mostly inactive

Someone in a(n) ____ state alternates between periods of sleep and moderate arousal, although even during the more aroused state, the person shows no awareness of surroundings and no purposeful behavior.

vegetative

It appears from research with cats that one function of the messages from the pons to the spinal cord is to prevent us from ____.

acting out our dreams

Felipa took an allergy medicine and it made her very drowsy. This is because it _____.

blocked histamine

If suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons are disconnected from the rest of the brain, they ____.

continue to produce activity that follows a circadian rhythm

Research on circadian rhythms has shown that one of the best ways to increase the alertness and efficiency of workers on night shifts is to ____.

expose them to bright lights while they work

What does "endogenous" mean?

generated from within

Professor Cheng tells her class that the SCN is found in the _____.

hypothalamus

Which condition has often been interpreted as an intrusion of REM sleep into wakefulness?

narcolepsy

Which hypothesis suggests that dreams are just thinking that takes place under unusual conditions?

neurocognitive

Night terrors can be distinguished from nightmares in that night terrors ____.

occurring during NREM sleep

The role of the reticular formation in arousal is that it is ____.

only one of several systems involved in arousal

Which of these is characteristic of sleep apnea?

periods without breathing during sleeping

Suppose you fell into a cave and lost your watch. Without any time cues, your circadian rhythm would ____.

remain relatively stable

The circadian rhythm is reset by input from special ganglion cells in the retina. These ganglion cells are unusual in that they ____.

respond directly to light, but respond very slowly

Another aspect of sleep's contribution to memory relates to:

sleep spindles

A person's circadian activity cycle would most likely drift out of phase with the activity of other people if the person ____.

spends a period of time in seclusion, away from sunlight

Charley is currently in Stage 4 sleep. The next stage he will enter will most likely be _____.

stage 3