Physiological Psychology (Ch. 8)
For a normal person, about how long does an average sleep cycle last?
90 minutes
What does cataplexy involve?
An attack of muscle weakness while awake
Which statement is true with regard to the duration of a self-generated sleep/activity cycle?
It is highly consistent in a given individual in a given environment.
Gala is studying for a quiz on circadian rhythms. She writes in her notes that the two proteins that influence circadian rhythms by building up during the day and declining during sleep are ______.
PER and TIM
According to the activation-synthesis hypothesis, what do dreams reflect?
The brain's attempt to make sense of spontaneous neural activity
Which claim is most consistent with the evolutionary perspective of sleep?
The function of sleep is similar to that of hibernation.
If we compare either different species or different ages, what trend emerges?
The more total sleep, the higher the percentage of REM sleep
Eugino has a large number of PGO waves. He is likely ____.
in REM sleep
Cari's EEG recording shows sleep spindles and K-complexes. What is happening?
she has entered stage 2 sleep
Orexin, produced by neurons in the hypothalamus, appears to be necessary for ____.
staying awake
Mose has been told that he sleepwalks. When is he more likely to do this?
during SWS
Professor King is talking about sleep and tells the class that REM sleep is called paradoxical because _____.
it is light sleep in some ways and deep sleep in other ways
A disruption of circadian rhythms due to crossing time zones is known as ____.
jetlag
Professor Morant tells her class that the most potent zeitgeber for land animals (including humans) is _____.
light
While Arlette is sleeping, her locus coeruleus is _____.
mostly inactive
Someone in a(n) ____ state alternates between periods of sleep and moderate arousal, although even during the more aroused state, the person shows no awareness of surroundings and no purposeful behavior.
vegetative
It appears from research with cats that one function of the messages from the pons to the spinal cord is to prevent us from ____.
acting out our dreams
Felipa took an allergy medicine and it made her very drowsy. This is because it _____.
blocked histamine
If suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons are disconnected from the rest of the brain, they ____.
continue to produce activity that follows a circadian rhythm
Research on circadian rhythms has shown that one of the best ways to increase the alertness and efficiency of workers on night shifts is to ____.
expose them to bright lights while they work
What does "endogenous" mean?
generated from within
Professor Cheng tells her class that the SCN is found in the _____.
hypothalamus
Which condition has often been interpreted as an intrusion of REM sleep into wakefulness?
narcolepsy
Which hypothesis suggests that dreams are just thinking that takes place under unusual conditions?
neurocognitive
Night terrors can be distinguished from nightmares in that night terrors ____.
occurring during NREM sleep
The role of the reticular formation in arousal is that it is ____.
only one of several systems involved in arousal
Which of these is characteristic of sleep apnea?
periods without breathing during sleeping
Suppose you fell into a cave and lost your watch. Without any time cues, your circadian rhythm would ____.
remain relatively stable
The circadian rhythm is reset by input from special ganglion cells in the retina. These ganglion cells are unusual in that they ____.
respond directly to light, but respond very slowly
Another aspect of sleep's contribution to memory relates to:
sleep spindles
A person's circadian activity cycle would most likely drift out of phase with the activity of other people if the person ____.
spends a period of time in seclusion, away from sunlight
Charley is currently in Stage 4 sleep. The next stage he will enter will most likely be _____.
stage 3