Physiology of vision

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Convex lens, concave lens, lasik surgery, custom shape adjustment lens

Treatment to eye problems

Lasik surgery

Treats all problems by reshaping cornea in order to properly focus light on retina

Custom shape adjustment

Treats astigmatism

Convex lens

Treats farsightedness

Concave lens

Treats nearsightedness

Nearsighted vision (myopia)

Normal close up vision; blurry distant vision Eye is too long & the light waves focus in front of retina

Steps

1. Light waves collected by cornea 2. Waves transmitted through aqueous humor, pupil, lens, vitreous humor, retina 3. Visual information leaves eye via optic nerve 4. Sent to thalamus 5. Relayed to occipital lobe for integration

Presbyopia

Age related farsightedness because lens loses elasticity & cannot accommodate. Difficulty seeing in dim light & reading fine print

Astigmatism

Blurry vision at any distance due to irregular shape or cornea. It causes too much light to focus at multiple points

Pupil

Changes size to regulate the amount of light that enters the eye. Protects retina from sudden, intense light

Iris

Ciliary muscles that regulate pupil size

Automatic adjustment of lens

Clear vision relies on______ (aka accommodation) to bring an image to focus on the retina

Normal vision (emmetropia)

Correct shape to focus light waves on retina

Farsighted vision (hyperopia)

Normal distant vision; blurry close up vision Eye too short; light waves focus behind retina

Divergence

Eye movement laterally when viewing objects at a distance

Convergence

Eye movement medially when viewing objects up close

Vision

Perception of how light waves are integrated

Circular muscles

Produce constriction

Radial muscles

Produce dilation

Convex shape

Refracts (bends) light & focuses it at a specific point (focal point)

Distant vision

Requires a longer focal length to focus images directly on the retina (lens needs to become thin & flat)

Close vision

Requires a shorter focal length to focus images more directly on the retina (lens needs to become more round)


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