Physiology: Skeleton Extra Info

Which of these body systems interacts extensively with the skeletal system? -muscular -endocrine -hematopoietic -All of these body systems interact extensively with the skeletal system

-All of these body systems interact extensively with the skeletal system

Pictured below is the first carpometacarpal joint. Which terms describe the types of movement allowed at the thumb? (There are 2) -Rotation -Angular motion -Monaxial -Linear motion -Triaxial -Biaxial

-Angular motion and -Biaxial

Where may bursae be found? -in tendon sheaths -beneath the skin covering a bone -within connective tissue exposed to friction or pressure -Bursae may be found in all of these locations

-Bursae may be found in all of these locations

Which term describes a complex movement that includes both changing the angle at a joint and then moving the distal bone in a circular direction? -Rotation -Linear motion -Circumduction -Angular motion

-Circumduction

Which of the following descriptions is least likely to be found in a typical female pelvis? -Less sacral curvature -Heart-shaped pelvic outlet -Enlarged pelvic outlet -Smooth appearance -Pubic angle greater than 100°

-Heart-shaped pelvic outlet

Which of the following bone structures is least helpful in determining the sex from a skull? -Texture of the skull -Size of the teeth -Size of the jaw -Location of the sinuses -Slope of the forehead

-Location of the sinuses

Look at the following joint. Based on the bony composition of the joint shown, which term best describes this joint's axial movement? -Monaxial -This joint's axial movement cannot be determined -Biaxial -Triaxial

-Triaxial

Which of the following is not a tarsal bone? -talus -medial cuneiform -cuboid -navicular -anterior cuneiform

-anterior cuneiform

Bursae are found in all of the following areas except -around blood vessels. -beneath the skin covering a bone. -around many synovial joints. -within connective tissue exposed to friction or pressure. -tendon sheaths.

-around blood vessels.

Which of the following is the heel bone? -calcaneus -cuboid -navicular -patella -talus

-calcaneus

Which of these conditions more commonly occurs with advancing age? -fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva -osteoarthritis -rheumatoid arthritis -bursitis

-osteoarthritis

Which bone is medial to the trapezium and articulates with the scaphoid? -trapezoid -lunate -pisiform -triquetrum

-trapezoid

The total number of phalangeal bones in the body is __________.

56

The foot has ________ ankle bones and ________ bones in the sole.

7 ; 5

How many vertebrae are located in each section of the spine, from superior to inferior?

7, 12, 5, 5, 4

Which of the following statements about the coccyx is true? -It consists of three to five coccygeal vertebrae. -It is the most caudal vertebral region. -It anchors a muscle that constricts the anal opening. -Fusion is delayed until the mid-twenties. -All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct.

What is the function or functions of synovial fluid that fills the joint cavity? -It nourishes the cartilage. -It provides lubrication. -All of the listed responses are correct. -It acts as a shock absorber.

All of the listed responses are correct.

Which of the following statements about the knee is FALSE? -The knee is a biaxial hinge joint. -All of these statements are true. -The bones of the knee joint are the femur, tibia, and fibula -The cruciate ligaments are ligaments that stabilize the femur.

All of these statements are true.

Jessica's mother takes her to see her pediatrician, who refers her to a rheumatologist, a doctor who specializes in rheumatic diseases. This doctor withdraws some synovial fluid using a small needle from Jessica's warm, swollen, tender knee that has limited motion. What types of joint are freely movable like the knee?

Diarthroses are freely movable joints.

What is the trade off for joints with greater movement?

Joints with greater movement have less stability.

Male Skull

Male skulls tend to be larger and have larger or rougher appearances. Keep in mind ways that you could tell the differences between a male and female skull.

Differences between the male and female pelvis include __________.

a broader pelvis in females

Which of the following sports positions would most likely be associated with a rotator cuff injury?

a quarterback

Pronation is defined as

a rolling of the distal epiphysis of the radius over the ulna.

Identify the region of the scapula that articulates with the clavicle.

acromion process

A slightly movable joint is a(n)

amphiarthrosis

The cervical vertebra that allows you to nod your head is the __________.

atlas

What is the name of the first cervical vertebra?

atlas

Which vertebra lacks both a body and spinous process?

atlas

Identify the articulation site that allows us to rotate our head, e.g. shaking the head "no".

atlas - axis

The skull and vertebral column are part of the ________ skeleton.

axial

What is the name of the second cervical vertebra?

axis

The surface of articular cartilage is

both slick and smooth

Which spinal curve develops as the infant learns to support the head? -lumbar -thoracic -cervical -sacral

cervical

The pectoral girdle consists of which of the following bones?

clavicles and scapulae only

The joint between the forearm bones and the wrist is a ________ joint.

condylar

The knuckle joint is classified as a ________ joint.

condylar

The occipital ________ are where the occipital bone articulates with the first cervical vertebra.

condyles

Identify the process on the scapula that does not articulate with another bone.

coracoid process

The frontal and parietal bones articulate at the ________ suture.

coronal

Immovable joints in the skull include the __________ sutures.

coronal and sagittal

What connects the ribs to the sternum?

costal cartilage

Rheumatoid arthritis is just one of several types of arthritis. What do all types of arthritis have in common?

destruction of cartilage

A freely movable joint is a(n)

diarthrosis

A ________ occurs when articulating surfaces are forced out of position.

dislocation

Jack gets into a fight and is punched in the nose. Which of the following bones might be fractured? -parietal bone -zygomatic bone -temporal bone -ethmoid bone -mandible

ethmoid bone

The knee is reinforced laterally by the __________ ligament.

fibular collateral

The vertebral column contains ________ lumbar vertebrae.

five (5)

What structure does the occipital bone surround?

foramen magnum

Jessica is suffering from juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, the most common type of childhood arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune, inflammatory disease of the synovial membrane. What treatment would you recommend for Jessica?

gentle exercise and NSAIDs

The head of the humerus articulates with the

glenoid cavity (fossa)

Identify the socket of the shoulder joint.

glenoid fossa

The synarthrosis that binds the teeth to the bony sockets is a

gomphosis

Another name for the first toe (big toe) is

hallux

Jessica's knee is a synovial joint. What type of synovial joint is the knee, and what movements is this joint capable of?

hinge joint capable of monaxial movement

The joint with greatest range of motion is the __________.

humerus-scapula

The sacrum articulates with the

ilium

The articulation between the parietal and occipital bones is the __________ suture.

lambdoid

The parietal bones and occipital bone articulate at the ________ suture.

lambdoid

What pass across or around a joint, limiting range of motion and providing support?

ligaments

An exaggerated lumbar curvature of the spine is known as

lordosis

Which of these is NOT a cranial bone? -temporal -ethmoid -parietal -maxilla

maxilla

Stress fractures due to running primarily affect the metatarsals. Which of the following bones does NOT articulate (joint) with the metatarsals?

navicular

Identify the articulation site that allows us to nod our head "yes".

occipital bone - atlas

Identify the region of the skull that articulates with the atlas.

occipital condyles

The __________ is a sesamoid bone in the lower limb.

patella

The ligament that provides support to the front of the knee joint is the ________ ligament.

patellar

The axial skeleton provides an extensive surface area for the attachment of muscles that __________. -perform respiration -move the head -position the appendicular skeleton -perform all of these functions

perform all of these functions

Ankle extension is also called

plantar flexion

Which of these is NOT a spinal curve? -thoracic -prominens -sacral -cervical

prominens

An exaggerated lateral curvature is termed

scoliosis

The vertebral column contains __________ cervical vertebrae.

seven (7)

Which joint permits the greatest range of motion of any joint in the body?

shoulder joint

A male has a ________ pelvic outlet when compared to the woman's pelvic outlet.

smaller

Which of the following landmarks is found on the posterior surface of the scapula?

spine

Which region of the scapula is found on the anterior surface?

subscapular fossa

The suprascapular notch is found on:

superior border

Structurally, vertebrae form __________ joints connected by intervertebral discs.

symphysis

A suture is an example of a(n)

synarthrosis

An immovable joint is a(n)

synarthrosis

What is the classification of this type of joint?

synarthrosis

Articular cartilage is found within a __________.

synovial joint

The fluid that fills the joint cavity in a diarthrosis is produced by the __________.

synovial membrane

Which two bones contribute to the zygomatic arch?

temporal and zygomatic

A torn lateral collateral ligament destabilizes the connection between which of the following bones?

the femur and the fibula

Complete dislocation of the knee is rare because

the knee contains seven major ligaments

During a weightlifting event, a participant suffered a painful injury involving a connective tissue pad on the lateral border of his left knee. Which structure is most likely the one that got damaged?

the lateral meniscus

The medial surface of the knee joint is reinforced by the ________ ligament.

tibial collateral

The vertebral column contains ________ thoracic vertebrae.

twelve (12)

The weight-bearing region of a vertebra is the __________.

vertebral body