Physiology: The Nervous System Extra Info

________ carry sensory information to the CNS.

Afferent neurons

The efferent division of the peripheral nervous system innervates ________ cells. -heart muscle -skeletal muscle -smooth muscle -glandular -All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct.

________ neurons form the afferent division of the PNS.

Sensory

________ nerves are nerves that connect to the spinal cord.

Spinal

Where are your reflexes processed?

Spinal Cord

Autonomic centers that control blood pressure, heart rate, and digestion are located in the

medulla oblongata.

The control of heart rate and blood pressure is based in the

medulla oblongata.

The ________ nervous system is composed of the brain and spinal cord.

central

The spinal cord is part of the ________ nervous system.

central

In the adult brain, which is the largest region?

cerebrum

Which neuroglial cells circulate CSF in some regions of the brain?

ependymal cells

In general, the nervous system

fast acting

Which cell is indicated by the arrow? microglial astrocyte neuron oligodendrocyte

oligodendrocyte

The ________ provides the principal link between the nervous and endocrine systems.

hypothalamus

The myelin sheaths that surround the axons of some of the neurons in the CNS are formed by

oligodendrocytes

The myelin sheath that covers many CNS axons is formed by

oligodendrocytes.

Saltatory conduction...

is faster than conduction on an unmyelinated axon

Divisions of the cerebral hemispheres that are named after the overlying skull bones are

lobes.

The nervous tissue outside of the central nervous system composes the ________ nervous system.

peripheral

Which of these is not one of the main divisions of the adult brain? cerebrum prosencephalon pons midbrain diencephalon

prosencephalon

Which of the following is not a recognized structural classification for neurons? -pseudopolar -unipolar -multipolar -anaxonic -bipolar

pseudopolar

The following is a function of the efferent division:

sending signals to muscle

Regions of the CNS with an abundance of myelinated axons constitute the ________ matter.

white

________ carry motor information to peripheral effectors.

Efferent neurons

Most neurons in the brain are

multipolar

Neurons that have several dendrites and a single axon are called

multipolar

The most abundant class of neuron in the central nervous system is

multipolar

Saltatory propagation occurs in _________ axons, in which action potentials _________.

myelinated; move from one node of Ranvier to another

Which of these is NOT part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)? afferent nerve fibers spinal nerves cranial nerves spinal cord

spinal cord

The site of intercellular communication between a neuron and another cell is the

synapse.

Sensory information is processed and relayed to the cerebrum by the

thalamus.

On which structure do most neuron to neuron communications occur?

1 (dendrites)

The number of lobes in the brain.

4

A brain hemorrhage is life-threatening because some areas of the brain will not be receiving blood. the person can lose consciousness. neurological changes will occur. the pressure increase within the space can distort and potentially damage brain tissue. All of these problems are related to brain hemorrhages.

All of these problems are related to brain hemorrhages.

The top part of the brain. It is the largest section.

Cerebrum

________ nerves are nerves that connect to the brain.

Cranial

________ provide information about the external environment.

Exteroceptors

________ neurons are the most common structural class in the CNS.

Multipolar

Clusters of rough endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes are known as

Nissl bodies

In a spinal reflex, information flows from __________ to __________ to __________.

PNS; CNS; PNS

________ monitor the position of skeletal muscles and joints.

Proprioceptors

The glial cells responsible for maintaining the blood-brain barrier are the

astrocytes

The largest and most numerous of the glial cells in the central nervous system are the

astrocytes.

The ________ nervous system provides involuntary regulation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glandular activity.

autonomic

The brain stem controls heartbeat and digestion which are.....

autonomic

The axon is connected to the soma at the

axon hillock

The axon is connected to the soma at the

axon hillock.

Neurons that have one axon and one dendrite with the cell body between them are called

bipolar

Demyelination disorders such as Multiple Sclerosis and Guillain-Barre Syndrome are particularly dangerous because they __________.

decrease the speed of action potential transmission

Which of the following is not a function of the neuroglia? maintenance of blood-brain barrier secretion of cerebrospinal fluid support memory phagocytosis

memory

Which cell is indicated by the arrow? neuron oligodendrocyte microglial astrocyte

microglial

The ________ nervous system controls the skeletal muscles.

somatic

Neurotransmitters ready for release are stored in synaptic

vesicles

Neurotransmitters ready for release are stored in synaptic

vesicles.

Which of the following help to protect the brain? the bones of the skull the CSF the blood-brain barrier the cranial meninges All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct.

A reflex arc always includes a(n) __________. efferent axon sensory receptor afferent axon All of the listed responses are correct.

All of the listed responses are correct.

The structures labeled "1" are dendrites. Their membranes contain numerous chemically-gated ion channels. (What parts are true?/What parts are false?)

Both statements are true.

The ________ division of the peripheral nervous system brings sensory information to the central nervous system.

afferent

The part of the peripheral nervous system that carries sensory information to the CNS is designated

afferent

Neurons that are rare, small, and lack features that distinguish dendrites from axons are called

anaxonic

Interneurons...

are found only in the central nervous system

Which type of membrane channels are found at label "3"?

both voltage-gated Na+ channels and voltage-gated K+ channels

The medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain comprise the

brain stem.

The afferent division of the PNS __________.

carries sensory information

Most neurons lack ________ and so are permanently blocked from undergoing cell division.

centrioles

What is the function of the brain structure indicated by the arrow?

coordination of complex motor patterns

The ________ division of the nervous system carries motor commands to muscles and glands.

efferent

The most obvious feature that one notices about the cerebrum is the

extensiveness of the gyri and sulci.

The respiratory rhythmicity center is located in the

medulla oblongata.

The basic functional unit of the nervous system is the

neuron

Nerves are made of individual cells called.....

neurons

When pressure is applied to neural tissue, all of the following effects are possible except neurons are triggered to divide. a decrease in blood flow. a decrease in available oxygen. glial cells degenerate. a change in neuron excitability

neurons are triggered to divide

What is contained inside the structure labeled "5"?

neurotransmitter molecules

Demyelination results from issues associated with myelin producing cells. Which of the following is an example of a myelin producing cell in the central nervous system (CNS)? astrocytes schwann cells ependymal cells oligodendrocytes

oligodendrocytes