Physiology Unit 1 - Practice Quiz

Part complete What will happen to the cells of a patient who is given an intravenous (IV) solution that is isosmotic to intracellular fluids? The cells will keep their normal shape, because isosmotic solutions result in no net change in water concentration. The cells will swell, because isosmotic solutions are hypotonic. The cells will shrink, because isosmotic solutions are hypertonic. The question cannot be answered with certainty without knowing which solutes are present in the IV solution.

The question cannot be answered with certainty without knowing which solutes are present in the IV solution.

Arrange the following events in protein secretion in the proper sequence. 1. The polypeptide chain enters the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. 2. A secretory vesicle is formed. 3. A transport vesicle is formed. 4. The polypeptide chain enters the lumen of the Golgi complex.

1, 3, 4, 2

Which answer choice has a higher osmolarity concentration than the others listed? 2 moles of substance Y with a dissociation factor of 1.8 1 mole of substance W with a dissociation factor of 2.0 1 mole of substance Z with a dissociation factor of 1.7 3 moles of substance V with a dissociation factor of 2.0

3 moles of substance V with a dissociation factor of 2.0 (because: 3 mol/L × 2.0 osmol/mol = 6.0 osmol/L of V)

A gene codes for a proinsulin protein, which is then cleaved into insulin. This is an example of: Transcription. Processing of mRNA Translation. A post-translational modification.

A post-translational modification.

Second messenger molecules directly: change the regulation of ion channels. change regulation of gene activity. change enzyme activity. increase intracellular calcium concentration. All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct.

Which molecules can move across the phospholipid bilayer by simple diffusion? lipids steroids water lipids and water All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following is a similarity among paracellular transport, transcellular transport, and transcytosis? All three: Move large substances across epithelial membranes. Require substances to move through epithelial cells. Use protein transporters to absorb substances into the body. Are ways substances can be absorbed into the body.

Are ways substances can be absorbed into the body.

Which cell membrane molecule would be most likely to allow the membrane to act as a selective barrier?

Cholesterol

How can a solution be hyperosmotic but hypotonic? If the amount of solutes is the same in the cell and solution If the concentration of penetrating solutes is higher in the solution than in a cell If the concentration of nonpenetrating solutes is less in the solution than in a cell If the total concentration of solutes in the solution is less than in a cell

If the concentration of nonpenetrating solutes is less in the solution than in a cell

What is the definition of metabolism? It is a reaction in an organism that releases energy. It is a reaction in an organism that uses energy. It is the total of all the chemical reactions in an organism. It is a reaction in an organism that takes large molecules and breaks them into smaller units.

It is the total of all the chemical reactions in an organism.

Insulin is an example of a peptide hormone. Insulin is also an example of a:

Ligand.

Which term is NOT used to define the structure that separates the contents of a human cell from its surrounding medium? a cell wall plasma membrane plasmalemma a cell membrane All of the answers are correct.

a cell wall

Which would increase the rate of diffusion across a cell membrane? a decrease in membrane thickness a decrease in the surface area of the membrane a decrease in the concentration gradient a decrease in membrane permeability

a decrease in membrane thickness

Which is NOT a characteristic of plasma? a watery extracellular matrix a sticky solution containing glycoproteins and proteoglycans a dilute solution of ions and dissolved organic molecules the fluid portion of blood part of the ECF

a sticky solution containing glycoproteins and proteoglycans

Part complete Transport of a substance from the lumen (cavity) of an organ into one side of a cell and out the other side of the cell into the ECF is called:

absorption

Inositol triphosphate is a second messenger that binds to the calcium channel of the endoplasmic recticulum. involved in the storage of calcium into the endoplasmic reticulum. uses all of the mechanisms. involved in the release of calcium into the extracellular fluid.

binds to the calcium channel of the endoplasmic recticulum.

Aerobic metabolism of glucose: a) produces more ATP per glucose than anaerobic pathways. b) requires oxygen. c) is the fastest way to produce glucose. d) requires oxygen and produces more ATP per glucose than anaerobic pathways e) requires oxygen, produces more ATP per glucose than anaerobic pathways, and is the fastest way to produce glucose.

d) requires oxygen and produces more ATP per glucose than anaerobic pathways

As the charge on the membrane of a cell approaches 0 from -70 mV, the cell is

depolarizing.

Which is a way for solutes to move from an area of high solute concentration to an area of low solute concentration? osmosis facilitated diffusion active transport facilitated diffusion and osmosis None of the answers are correct.

facilitated diffusion

You conduct an experiment on twenty 18-year-old male subjects to see how various intensities of exercise influence heart rate. Which is/are a dependent variable?

heart rate

Which is NOT a basic method of cell-to-cell communication? mechanical signals cytoplasmic transfer of signals contact-dependent signals diffused chemical signals nerve and blood-transported signals

mechanical signals

Which is NOT a function of epithelia? movement: producing specialized secretions regulating exchange storing energy reserves providing physical protection

storing energy reserves

Cells that respond to signals are usually called junctions. receivers. responders. targets. contacts.

targets.

A reversible reaction is one where: there are small changes in the net free energy from substrate to product. a reaction between products is unlikely due to the high activation energy. there is no change in the net free energy from substrate to product. there are large changes in the net free energy from substrate to product.

there are small changes in the net free energy from substrate to product.

A substance is highly soluble if it is

very likely to dissolve in water.