Pilates final exam review
The area of the brain that controls basic functions critical to life, such as heart rate, breathing, and sleeping.
the brain stem
Identify the brain's reward center; the area activated by pleasurable activities.
the limbic system
The protein site involved in the reuptake of a chemical messenger.
transporter
Having information about variations within the alpha 5 gene allows doctors to help predict a patient's responsiveness to nicotine replacement therapy.
True
In cases of over-weightiness and obesity, a 5 to 10% weight loss can have a positive effect on oneâ s overall health risk.
True
The two most dangerous years of a person's life are the year they are born (infant mortality) and the year they retire.
True
The vast majority of the microbial world is beneficial to something.
True
To date, no research has shown that hormone therapies add years to life or prevent age-related frailty.
True
To lose 1 pound of adipose tissue (fat), there needs to be a caloric deficit of approximately 3500 calories.
True
When stimulant medication is abused chronically and the user stops taking it, they may experience withdrawal symptoms
True
While there are many different flu viruses, a flu vaccine protects against the three or four viruses that research suggests will be most common.
True
Rainer Hambrecht conducted a randomized controlled study of 100 cardiac patients. Identify the group with the highest rate of being cardiac event-free.
the low-tech group, with the exercise treatment
Which of the following practices has been combined with meditation and resulted in positive changes for the participants?
Yoga and tai chi
Nicotine replacement treatments (NRTs)
relieve withdrawal symptoms, usually, provide a lower overall nicotine level than a tobacco product, have a lower abuse potential than tobacco, contain no carcinogens, enhances the odds of quitting tobacco over the long-term (in combination with behavioral treatment)
According to the meditation video, meditation is an opportunity to _________ and ___________.
retreat and decompress
Which of the following is a lifestyle activity?
riding your bike to West Campus instead of taking the bus
Identify strategies for people using or about to start opioid medications.
Discuss side effects and addiction risk with your practitioner and create an opioid exit strategy, Try safer alternatives for pain management like activity, therapy, acupuncture, mind-body work and cognitive behavioral therapy, Keep your medication in a lock box and give your pharmacist any medication you're not using, Don't increase your dose without supervision
Negative stress that is physically and mentally damaging and places unhealthy demands on the body is called _______________.
Distress
The following statement(s)s apply to Conventional Medicine:
Doctors and nurses work to diagnose an illness and treat the symptoms with medication, surgery, or radiation
Nicotine increases ______________ in the reward circuits.
Dopamine
When you make a decision and receive pleasure from it ____________ spikes.
Dopamine
Which of the following statements is true regarding the role of hypothalamus in controlling food intake?
If we are missing specific nutrients from our diet, the hypothalamus can cause cravings for foods containing that nutrient, The hypothalamus contains both a "hunger center" and a "satiety center," and The hypothalamus stores memories of pleasant experiences associated with food.
Methods for transmitting HIV include all the following except:
Kissing
Individuals who start drinking before age 15, as compared to those who start after 21 are:
4 times more likely to become alcoholics
As strength training continues over time, your muscles increase storage for what energy source?
Glycogen
Identify the assessment technique that uses a ratio of height and weight to determine health risk.
Body mass index
Factors affecting blood alcohol concentration (BAC)
Body weight, Gender, The drink's alcohol content and size, Time spent drinking
Brain scans of individuals who began using marijuana at a young age show ___________ neural development.
Impaired
Health is the condition of being sound in _______________; especially, freedom from physical disease or pain. It is the general condition of the body.
Body, mind, and spirit
Skin cancer can only develop on the face, arms, or legs.
False
Sleep is a fairly simple process, stemming from one brain structure.
False
Sleep is a period of brain inactivity.
False
Strong evidence supports decreased cancer risk in humans who drink green tea.
False
Creatine Phosphate and stored ATP are the fuels used in which Metabolic Energy System?
Phosphagen
Synthetic cannabinoid mixtures are more natural and therefore less harmful than other types of psychoactive drugs.
False
The production of ATP is ALWAYS achieved by the exclusive use of one energy system.
False
The use of hand held weights during walking increases the intensity levels and energy expenditure.
False
True or False: Brain function in areas such as information processing, cognition, and sense of self can be documented using x-rays.
False
True or False: Other mammals (specifically dolphins and whales) have similar sleep patterns to humans.
False
Studies that report lower cancer rates in Asian communities that consume a lot of fish are examples of ___________ studies.
Ecologic
In response to stress, identify which body functions increase to prepare the body for added demand. (mark all that apply)
Heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen transport, and blood flow
Addiction directly or indirectly impacts the brain's reward system by overwhelming the circuit with serotonin.
False
Helps suppress the inflammatory reactions in the body and also influences the immune system.
Hydrocortisone (cortisol)
Cognitive decline is the only symptom of Alzheimer's disease.
False
Due to the influence of sarcopenia, individuals over 50 years old do not need to strength train.
False
The essential factor in weight loss is:
burn more calories than are consumed
Laura Hill tells her patients with anorexia that once they return to a healthy weight they will start to feel better and be able to quiet the noise.
False
Lower-intensity exercise puts you in the fat-burning zone; therefore, it is preferable to higher-intensity exercise.
False
Motivation alone changes long-term behaviors.
False
Using the philosophy of periodization and a 13-month training schedule, an athlete training for a marathon will run 26 miles prior to the actual marathon event. In which month will they run the practice 26 miles?
10
Identify the biggest abusers of prescription (Rx) opioid pain relievers, ADHD stimulants and anti-anxiety drugs.
18 to 25 years of age
The author of the evidenced-based story, 23 and 1/2 hours, recommends: (mark all that apply)
20 to 30 minutes of physical activity each day of the week, for adults, no less than 60 minutes of physical activity each day, for children, and no less than 150 minutes of physical activity each week, for adults
If you are sick with flu-like illness, CDC recommends that you stay home for at least ______ after your fever is gone except to get medical care or for other necessities. (Your fever should be gone without the use of a fever-reducing medicine.)
24 hours
Typically the menstrual cycle lasts ______ days.
28
To improve cardiovascular fitness, one should exercise ___________ times per week.
3-5
Consuming ______ or more drinks for men and ______ or more drinks for women is considered binge drinking.
5; 4
Which type of workout uses the aerobic system?
60 continuous minutes on a stationary bike at 70-75% maximum heart rate
A VO2 max test of an elite endurance athlete lasts around ____ to ____ minutes.
6; 8
Which of the following is NOT a major factor that influences personal health?
education
Which of the following statements regarding the Female Athlete Triad are true? (mark all that apply)
A triangle is used to depict the interconnectedness of disordered eating, amenorrhea and osteoporosis, Excess loss of body fat halts menstruation, When amenorrhea occurs there is a decline in bone mass due to lost calcium, and Stress fractures can lead to depression via decreased activity
What strategy did MIDAS models identify as the best effort to reduce disease in the H1N1 pandemic?
A vaccination of school children
The term Epigenetics means:
Above genetics
A chronic, relapsing brain disease, characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use, despite harmful consequences.
Addiction
Identify potential health risks when using stimulant medication for nonmedical cognitive enhancement.
Addiction, Cardiovascular events, psychosis
_______________ is the most complex energy system and used in endurance activities.
Aerobic System
Continuous running for 20 minutes at the same intensity is considered ____________.
Aerobic Training
The optimal time to perform static stretching in order to increase flexibility is ____________.
After the cool-down
Choose the physiological signs of overtraining.
Altered resting heart rate and Chronic fatigue
_____________ are holistic systems of health care.
Alternative Health Care Systems
What is name for the 'Alarm system' in the brain involved in the experience of eating?
Amygdala
When finding a trigger for behavior change, use:
An existing behavior
_____________ means muscle building.
Anabolic
During skeletal muscle contractions, we often use ______________ as a quick source of ATP production and then later, when oxygen is available, we continue to _________________ for increased ATP production.
Anaerobic metabolism; Aerobic metabolism
Who is at risk for contracting a Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI)?
Anyone who engages in oral, anal or vaginal intercourse
If overtraining from resistance exercise has occurred, several steps can be taken.
Avoid monotonous training, Avoid performing every set of every exercise of every session to absolute failure, Avoid excessive use of eccentric muscle actions, Ensure training volume and intensity are inversely related
Which of the following is a step to prevent overtraining from resistance exercise?
Avoid overuse of certain muscles or joints
Someone suffering from which of the following conditions would be most likely to use CAM?
Back pain
Which of the following can be treated with antibiotics?
Bacterial meningitis
Identify which of the following approaches, already supported by research, is recommended to delay or prevent age-related health problems.
Balanced diet and physical diet
________________ stretching involves bouncing movements, and is usually not recommended.
Ballistic
Which of the following are ways for you to help someone you suspect has an eating disorder?
Be both supportive and non-judgmental
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for eating disorders?
Being properly informed of ideal weight
Which of the following is NOT a sleep theory of "why we sleep"?
Biological Clock
What part of the brain provides protection from many potentially harmful substances circulating in the blood?
Blood-brain barrier
Air displacement, hydrostatic weighing and bioelectrical impedance are methods for determining an individual's:
Body composition
Building muscle strength requires:
Breaking down muscle tissue through exercise, Improving glycogen storage in the muscle, Repairing muscle tissue, and Increasing the amount of energy available for contraction
Which of the following is NOT one of the most common cancers among 15-24 year olds?
Breast cancer
Anabolism is:
Building up molecules
Which macronutrient can be catabolized during anaerobic metabolism?
Carbohydrates
Select all possible causes of cancer
Carcinogens, radiation, bacteria/viruses, heredity
There are two ways you can accomplish long term changes (mark two):
Change your environment and Make behavior change tiny
Why might a user of K2 or Kush notice that effects from each use are different?
Chemical composition may change from batch to batch
_______________ is the most commonly used form of CAM by people with back pain in the United States.
Chiropractic
The two STIs that often lead to pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility are:
Chlamydia and Gonorrhea
The phase of muscle contraction that occurs when the muscle shortens is ___________; whereas, the phase of contraction that occurs as the muscle lengthens is ___________.
Concentric; eccentric
For an individual participating in a sexual activity, the BEST method of protection against a sexually transmitted infection is:
Condom
Identify the base component (the foundation) of the "Blue Zone" model.
Connecting with others
Activity level, stress and nutrition are considered ______________ risk factors for many hypokinetic conditions.
Controllable
In what type of research would scientists make specific changes to participants' diets and see how those changes affect them?
Controlled trial
Based on the Blue zone findings, identify the most significant wellness factor to increase longevity and enhance quality of life.
Deep, meaningful friendships and the long-term adventures associated with those connections
The risk associated with short, high exposure to UV light is ____________, meaning that limited exposure over a long period of time increases the risk of many types of skin cancers.
Cumulative
Identify a physiological change that occurs during sleep.
Decrease in blood pressure
When chronically exposed to a drug, a person relies on the drug because of typical adaptations.
Dependence
Individuals with _______________ may also have a higher prevalence of chronic pain.
Depression
According to the text, eating disorders are often accompanied by other psychiatric disorders such as ____________.
Depression, substance abuse, and anxiety disorders
DWI laws are automatic for 0.08 BAC, but many drivers show signs of intoxication at a lower level. Select the common effects of a driver at 0.05 BAC.
Difficulty steering, Trouble doing two tasks at once, Loss of judgement
Reduced levels of chemical neurotransmitters in the brain have been found in people suffering from both ___________ and _____________, linking these diagnoses.
Eating disorders; depression
The___________contraction seems to be the primary cause of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS).
Eccentric
Which stress hormone helps convert glycogen to glucose in the liver:
Epinephrine
Emmeline Edwards in her neuroscience research blog states that both the public and the scientific community at large consider that most meditation is done for the following reasons: (mark all that apply)
Enhancing quality of life, Reducing psychological stress, Improving health outcomes
Identify factors that contribute to drug addiction.
Environmental, Developmental, Genetics, Epigenetic, Biological processes
Methods to monitor cardiovascular intensity include:
Evaluating the intensity subjectively (i.e. Borg scale), Measuring heart rate, and Conversing with your training partner
Identify a safe, life-time strategy for weight maintenance after weight loss.
Exercise
Brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) can be influenced by which of the following?
Exercise, DHA, caloric restriction
Which of the following is/are major findings from the 90 and Older study?
Exercisers lived longer than those who didn't exercise, Moderate alcohol intake was associated with living longer, The caffeine equivalent of 1-3 cups of coffee was better for participantsâ health than none or more
Which of the following is NOT a true statement about addiction?
Exposure of a drug during adolescence has little influence on a person's risk for addiction
When people talk about health behavior change they are mostly concerned with short-term change.
False
While fats can be directly absorbed into the bloodstream through the small intestine, carbohydrates cannot.
False
Identify Hans Selye's model to explain stress.
Fight or flight
_________ fitness is a broad term that describes exercises that make us more efficient in everyday life.
Functional
Which of the following is the MOST important factor in personalized cancer care?
Genetic makeup of a patient's tumor
The relationship between marijuana use and later development of psychosis was influenced by: (mark all that apply)
Genetic variables, the dosage, the potency of the THC, and the age at which the marijuana was first taken
Which of the following is NOT a true statement concerning smoking and adolescence:
Genetics does NOT contribute to addiction among people who start smoking during their teens
Which of the following does NOT happen during the first trimester of pregnancy?
Genitals can be determined as male or female
Which of the following are ways women are capable of achieving rapid and substantial increases in muscle mass?
Good genes, extreme nutrition, exercise training regimes, performance enhancing drugs
Which of the following STIs can be prevented with a vaccine?
HPV and Hepatitis B
In the 15 ways behavior can change, the one that matters most is ______________.
Habits
As a psychiatrist, Dr. Kevin M. Gray became interested in researching substance use disorders and treating marijuana dependence. Identify the motivation for his research.
He found substance abuse to be common among his young patients in his clinical psychiatry practice,He realized substance abuse was difficult to treat, He found marijuana use to worsen the course of psychiatric illnesses.
Which of the following groups could be helped by a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction program? (Mark all that apply)
Healthcare professionals, People living with chronic pain, people living with PTSD
According to the CDC, which of the following populations is at high risk for serious flu complications?
Healthcare workers
Individuals suffering from an eating disorder can experience which of the following serious health effects?
Heart conditions, Kidney failure, Osteoporosis, fertility problems
Sleep deprivation can lead to higher risk of chronic health problems like:
High blood pressure, heart disease, stroke
An individual who is overweight is at an increased risk for conditions such as: (mark all that apply)
High blood pressure, high cholesterol, stroke, and diabetes
Which of the following are benefits of hormonal methods of pregnancy prevention?
High effectiveness rates with consistent and correct use and Decreased risk of uterine and ovarian cancers
Which healthcare practitioner is most likely to consider all of the wellness dimensions when treating the patient?
Holistic practitioner
Which of the following hormonal contraceptive methods offers the longest protection against pregnancy?
Implantable contraception
Identify benefits of eccentric exercise.
Improved balance, Increased range of motion strength, and Improved recovery from tendon-related injuries
When preforming a VO2 Max test, what are ways to manipulate the intensity? Mark all that apply.
Increase the speed and Increase the Incline
The probability of transmitting genital herpes to another person ________ during an outbreak.
Increases
Cancer is the leading cause of __________-related death in adolescents and young adults.
Infection
Which of the following can help be prevented with a vaccine?
Influenza and Haemophilus influenza type b (can cause bacterial meningitis)
Central nervous system depressants work by:
Inhibiting brain activity
Which of the following items would NOT be beneficial for successful behavioral change?
Initiating change with minimal social support
As Laura Hill describes, when you eat breakfast, the ____________in the brain tells you if you're hungry or full.
Insula
How is Naloxone administered?
Intramuscular and Intranasal
Trace minerals include:
Iron and zinc
Which of the following is/are TRUE statements from the resource "Science Should Guide Marijuana Policy"?
Legalization of marijuana will likely increase the number of teens who use marijuana regularly, Teens who use marijuana regularly put themselves at a competitive disadvantage in school, and Legalization of marijuana in the United States will hurt our academic competitiveness.
In the "Forget Big Change, Start with a Tiny Habit" video, the three elements needing to occur simultaneously to cause behavior change are:
Level of motivation, ability, trigger
Besides being used as a complementary treatment for marijuana dependence, what else has N-acetylcysteine (NAC) been used and/or considered for? (mark all that apply)
Liver protection following acetaminophen overdose, Treatment for compulsive gambling, Clearing excess mucus in respiratory disorders
Which of the following is considered an example of chronic stress?
Loneliness
What violation is punishable by fines, community service, loss of driver's license, alcohol awareness class, and possibly jail?
MIP (minor in possession)
Select the health benefits that have been identified with meditation: (mark all that apply)
Lower blood pressure, Reduced stress, Controlled eating habits, and Pain management
Which of the following organs can be negatively impacted by excessive alcohol consumption?
Lungs, Kidneys, Heart, Pancreas, Stomach
Viral STIs can be ____________ through treatment.
Made less severe
The original Framingham Heart Study participants were:
Male and female and primarily caucasian
The CDC recommends that which of the following groups should receive the HPV vaccine?
Males between 12 and 21 years old, Females between 12 and 26 years old, Young males with compromised immune systems
_______________ involves manipulation of muscle and connective tissue to enhance function of those tissues and to promote relaxation and well-being.
Massage
The take home message from Dr. Sara Lazar's TED Talk on How Meditation Can Reshape Our Brains is:
Mediation can literally change your brain
What is the first stage of effective drug treatment?
Medically assisted detoxification
Laura Hill says food is perceived as ______________ while a person is trying to recover from an eating disorder.
Medicine
Studies on mindfulness meditation have yielded which of the following results? Mark all that apply.
Meditation acts on areas of the brain involved in attention, self-awareness, and emotion, Long-term training can result in sustained effects, and Short-term training may have effects in helping individuals cope better with stress
_____________ tap into the connection between the physical body and the very powerful mind.
Mind-Body Medicine
According to a study that compared HITT and continuous endurance training, the higher levels of ________________________________seen among the subjects led to improved skeletal muscle metabolic function.
Mitochondrial Enzymes
Increased metabolic fitness (i.e. glucose tolerance, cholesterol levels, etc) are benefits of cardiovascular exercise that can be obtained through _____________ amounts of exercise.
Moderate
Strategies to prevent STI's requires strategic efforts, including:
Monitoring and responding to STI antimicrobial resistance
Identify principles of effective treatment for drug addiction.
No single treatment is appropriate for everyone, Counseling and behavioral therapies are the most commonly used forms of treatment, For certain drug addictions, medications are an important element of treatment when combined with counseling and other behavioral therapies, A person's treatment must be assessed continually and modified as necessary to meet their changing needs
According to the National Institute on Aging, is long-term calorie restriction a safe method of slowing the aging process in human subjects?
Not enough information
Unintentional overdose deaths involving ____________ have quadrupled since 1999, and by 2007, outnumbered those involving heroin and cocaine.
Opioids
________________ are commonly abused prescription drugs.
Opioids
Identify commonly abused prescription drugs.
Opioids, Central nervous system depressants, stimulants
When designing a plan for behavior change, you should NOT design for the:
Outcome
_____________ produce estrogen and progesterone.
Ovaries
Fat can be broken down in which Metabolic System to provide energy?
Oxidative (Aerobic)
Heroin and ______________ have similar chemical structures and bind to the same receptors in the brain.
Oxycontin
Contraction of _______ contributes to spinal stability.
Pelvic floor muscles
__________is considered as important a risk factor for heart disease as high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure, and cigarette smoking.
Physical inactivity
According to Dr. Kawas, it is possible to show signs of dementia while living and then once deceased, when the brain is examined, find no plaques and tangles. But the opposite has also been found in the 90 and older study; no signs of dementia while living, but yet still have plaques and tangles when the brain is examined. How does she explain her findings? (mark all that apply)
Plaques and tangles may have nothing to do with it and Plaques and tangles could be very important, but some subjects have found a way around them
Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that is associated with: (mark all that apply)
Pleasure, movement, attention
During which stage of change are students impacted by both campus-wide AND cohort data?
Precontemplation
A systolic blood pressure reading of 120-139 or a diastolic blood pressure reading of 80-89 indicates a blood pressure category of ____________.
Prehypertension
Which is a goal of the ongoing research from the National Institute on Aging in the National Institutes of Health:
Promote "active life expectancy"
Which of the following are approaches utilized in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy as a treatment option for an individual with an eating disorder/disordered eating?
Recognizing patterns of false thinking, Discussions about attitudes towards body image and perfectionism, Changing the response to unhealthy foods, and Establishing realistic beliefs and self-expectations
Periodization ensures the body undergoes stress that allows both progress and ___________.
Recovery
The general purposes of metabolism occurs in the following order:
Remove the energized hydrogen atoms containing additional energy from their source; cause the hydrogen electron to release its additional energy; use that energy to produce ATP in order to transfer the energy to the appropriate location
During sleep, the central set temperature in our body is:
Reduced by 1 to 2 degrees F
Resistance training is beneficial for the following reasons.
Reduced risk of musculoskeletal injuries, Correction of existing imbalances, and Increased strength in the lumbar extensors
______________ a type of energy work that utilizes touch and visualization.
Reiki
Cancer growth is caused by uninhibited ____________ by mutated cells, whose ______________ has become disengaged and cannot be destroyed by the immune system.
Replication; apoptosis
Rapamycin has been found to extend median and maximum lifespan of mice. However, in humans, treatment is associated with serious toxicity. Which statement below is true about Rapamycin use?
Researcher still do not know if potential benefits outweigh the risks.
Jonathon has not squatted in several weeks. This week he tries to squat as much as he did last time, but is not able to lift the same amount of weight. What fitness principle is he currently experiencing?
Reversability
What type of milk is recommended by the "MyPlate" message?
Skim or 1%
Melanoma is a tumor that starts in __________ cells.
Skin
Which of the following is/are major findings from the 90 and older study?
Smokers died earlier than nonsmokers and As you age, it's better to maintain or gain weight
An exercise used to improve functional movement would be:
Squat
In functional fitness, a ____________ is a bend and lift movement.
Squat
Nicotine acts as a:
Stimulant
Which of the following does NOT decrease the risk of coronary heart disease?
Stress
With repeated cardiovascular exercise, the chamber size of the heart (particularly the left ventricle) increases, leading to increased:
Stroke Volume, resting heart rate while you're sitting on the couch, and ability to sustain exercise for longer
According to Nora Volkow's interview with the American Psychological Association, patients with depression or chronic pain and who are prescribed opioids are at a heightened risk for __________.
Suicide
Identify the component in cigarettes that paralyze and destroy the cilia lining the bronchi in the lungs, causing the "smoker's cough".
Tar
Which of the following are risks involved with Fad diet
Tend to be very low in calories, Ignore the importance of physical activity in healthy weight loss, Alter metabolism, making it easier to regain the weight after the diet has ceased
The reproductive ball-shaped glands inside the scrotum, responsible for sperm production.
Testes (a.k.a., testicles)
Because no single set of results or single model can predict exactly what will happen, scientists often will ask different models ______________. When different models yield similar results, researchers have more confidence in the predictions.
The same questions
Which of the following statements about histones is true:
They are the spools that DNA wraps itself around, More loosely wound genes can express more, and More tightly wound genes express less
According to studies reported in this module, after 8 weeks of meditation, which parts of the brain grew?
Those for empathy, compassion, and self-awareness
Which is the following is a mechanism for the spread of disease?
Through droplets from an infected person's sneeze, from animals to people, and through an insect vector
Identify TRUE statements about the incidence of tobacco use:
Tobacco is one of the most widely abused substances in the United States, There has been a 50 percent decrease in smoking in the last 50 years, There has been a decline in smoking among young people, The mentally ill have a 2 to 4 times higher rate of smoking than the general population
A person's ability to experience pleasure is reduced. The person must take the substance to feel normal.
Tolerence
Which of the following can negatively impact a woman's fertility?
Treatment of cervical cancer
A cure for addiction was never thought possible until a smoker who suffered a stroke forgot to smoke.
True
A short-term decrease in bone mass is a disadvantage of injectable progestin.
True
Certain medications and medical conditions can affect a woman's basal body temperature, decreasing the effectiveness of Natural Family Planning.
True
Mindfulness interventions are safe to be conducted with children.
True
Most microbes don't cause illness; many of them protect us.
True
One way to check the accuracy of a nutrition label is to add the calories from fat, protein, and carbohydrates and compare this to the total calories listed per serving.
True
Resting heart rate will decrease with cardiovascular conditioning due to an increase in stroke volume.
True
Some individuals respond very little or not at all to an aerobic exercise program.
True
Susie, a previously inactive 65 year old, begins resistance training. She can achieve the same benefits of increased size and strength as her active 20 year old niece.
True
The biologic factors associated with mindfulness meditation may include changes in brain function.
True
The effects of inhalants are similar to alcohol but the risks are unpredictable.
True
The erector spinae, rectus abdominus, internal and external obliques, latissimus dorsi, and gluteus maximus are all part of the "core" musculature.
True
The major challenge in making an anti-drug vaccine is the cells that make antibodies (B lymphocytes) normally do NOT detect or respond to drugs.
True
Exercise can help prevent or manage:
Type II diabetes, Low back pain, osteoporosis, breast cancer
Which of the following is an effective stress management technique?
Using self management strategies to set priorities and delegate work, Seeking social support in demanding situations, Engaging in family and community activities, Exercising daily and eating sensibly
_________________is considered the uppermost ability of the body to consume, distribute and utilize oxygen for energy production.
VO2 Max
__________________ is the best way to measure cardiovascular fitness.
VO2 max test
The ________________ in males and the _____________________ in females are permanently blocked when an individual undergoes a sterilization procedure.
Vas deferens; fallopian tubes
Your body will have what rate of ATP production with a workout of 5 X 10 seconds at close to top speed with 3:00 to 4:00 passive rest.
Very high
________________ is a process of making informed choices that will lead over a period of time, to a healthy lifestyle that should result in a sense of well being.
Wellness
Which nutrient is essential for all metabolic reactions in cells?
Water
Whole wheat bread and brown rice are examples of:
Whole grains
Holistic self-care includes which of the following?
Wholesome diet, adequate sleep, and exercise
When a person first stops using a drug or decreases the dose, they may experience a variety of physical and emotional symptoms including depression, anxiety, mood disorder, restlessness, and sleeplessness.
Withdrawal
According to the American Cancer Society, a successful smoking cessation program should include:
a 15 to 30 minute counseling or support group session, at least 4 sessions, a 2 week minimum (longer is better)
In the Fogg Behavior Model, the ____________________ indicates that the trigger for a behavior occurred at the same time as the appropriate amount of motivation and ability.
activation threshold
Identify enzymes that break down ethanol: (mark all that apply)
alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase
Essential activities such as breathing and circulating blood require a minimum level of calories called the:
basal metabolic rate
Synthetic _________________ act on the same brain cell receptors as THC.
cannabinoids
Select TRUE statements regarding the effects of stress on memory, concentration and learning.
chronic stress may cause a person to become accident-prone and high levels of cortisol may shrink the memory center of the brain, the hippocampus
Nicotine increases heart rate while also:
constricting blood vessels
Which of the following are examples of external stressors?
hot or cold temperatures
Mental illness __________ risk of substance abuse disorders.
increases
Internal stress includes:
infection, illness
Engaging in new and ongoing learning opportunities strengthens _______________ health.
intellectual
Negative health effects from synthetic cannabinoids include:
kidney damage, seizures, psychosis
A precancerous condition that produces thick, rough, white patches on the gums, tongue and inner checks.
leukoplakia
The dosage of stimulant medication prescribed by a doctor starts out ______ and ______ gradually.
low; increases
When you're sleep deprived, the effects of alcohol consumption are __________, as is your risk of being involved in an accident.
magnified
Flexibility exercises
maintain freedom of movement to do everyday activities
The goal of the ________________ stage in the Stages of Change Model (SCM) is to avoid relapse.
maintenance
Which is a TRUE statement about ethanol breakdown and its enzymes?
many Asians have an inactive form of alcohol dehydrogenase
The key to endurance training is _____________________.
periodization
Sally is interested in quitting smoking. She has scheduled an appointment with a nurse practitioner for advice. Identify Sally's "Stage of Change".
preparation
Balance exercises
prevent falls
___________ factors, such as self-control, positive relationships and parental support reduce a person's risk of developing addiction.
protective
Strength exercises
reduce risk of osteoporosis
Having the necessary skills to perform a behavior and perceiving a lack of obstacles or constraints is ______________.
self efficacy
Alcohol intensifies ______________; the neurotransmitter which helps regulate emotional expression.
serotonin
The plate used in the "MyPlate" recommendations is __________ a typical dinner plate.
smaller than
Oogenesis in females is similar to ________ in males.
spermatogenesis
A nicotine vaccine would:
stimulate the production of antibodies, block access of nicotine to the brain, prevent nicotine's reinforcing effects on the reward center, help in relapse prevention
Muscular conditioning of an Olympic athlete helps by:
strengthening key muscles and generating muscle memory
Sleep is necessary to keep the central nervous system functioning properly allowing: (mark all that apply)
the brain to rest busy neurons and forms new pathways, the brain to release growth hormone in children and young adults, and the body to produce proteins that help cells repair damage
To calculate how much alcohol a person has consumed, you need to know: (mark all that apply)
the volume contained in the glass or container and how much of that volume is ethanol
