Planet Earth Chapter 2 (SmartWorks Questions)

A rock that forms from molten material is called _________ whereas a rock that forms from a preexisting rock and undergoes changes in heat and pressure is called ________.

igneous; metamorphic

What happens when seismic waves travel into denser material?

B. they speed up

At 100km/hr, how long would it take to travel through the mantle?

C. 28.9 hours

How does the lithosphere differ from the asthenosphere?

C. The lithosphere is rigid; the asthenosphere is plastic.

Which of the following is not one of Earth's domains?

C. the Moon

What visible evidence illustrates the interaction between Earth's magnetic field and solar wind?

C. the aurora borealis

lace Earth's layers in order from highest to lowest density.

(Highest to Lowest) Inner Core, Outer Core, Mantle, Crust

Sort the characteristics typical of continental and oceanic crust into the correct categories below. (Both)

1. igneous rocks 2. sedimentary rocks on top

Sort the following characteristics based on whether they correspond to comets, asteroids, or both. (Comets)

1. made of ice and rock 2. can orbit along a plane other than the ecliptic plane 3. formed in the Kuiper Belt

Sort the following characteristics based on whether they correspond to comets, asteroids, or both. (Both)

1. part of the Solar System 2. orbit the Sun 3. have irregular shapes 4. have collided with Earth

Sort the following characteristics based on whether they correspond to comets, asteroids, or both. (Asteroids)

1. reside between Mars and Jupiter 2. made of rock and metal 3. orbit only along the ecliptic plane

Sort the characteristics typical of continental and oceanic crust into the correct categories below. (Oceanic Crust)

1. shallow Moho 2. thin 3. higher density

Sort the characteristics typical of continental and oceanic crust into the correct categories below. (Continental Crust)

1. thick 2. deep Moho 3. sits higher in the asthenosphere 4. deeper roots

At 100 km/h (62 mph), how long would it take to drive a distance equal to the thickness of the breathable atmosphere?

A. 3.3 minutes

At 100km/hr, how long would it take to travel through the (thickest) oceanic crust?

A. 6 minutes

The highest point on Earth is _____ km above sea level, and the lowest point on Earth is _____ km below sea level.

A. 8.85; 10.9

Which of the following has a similar atmosphere to Earth's?

A. None of the other terrestrial planets' atmospheres are similar to Earth's atmosphere.

A material that can exist as a gas on the Earth's surface is called

A. a volatile.

What percentage of the Earth's radius does the thickness of the lithosphere represent?

A. no more than 1%

Which layer is responsible for the magnetic field?

A. outer core

People once thought that Earth's interior contained open spaces. What observations showed that such spaces don't exist, that the interior is mostly solid, and that very dense material is concentrated in the core?

A.tidal behavior B.Earth's shape D.density studies

What percentage of the lithosphere is continental, and what percentage is oceanic?

B. 30% continental, 70% oceanic

At 100 km/hr, how long would it take to travel through the continental crust?

B. 42 minutes

How do scientists study meteorites to better understand Earth? What assumptions are made?

B. Stony meteorites probably have the same composition as Earth's mantle. C. Iron meteorites probably have the same composition as Earth's core. D. Meteorites are likely pieces of planetesimals that were broken apart after differentiation.

Which of the following best describes a meteorite?

B. a piece of material that landed on Earth from space composed of rock, iron, or a combination of the two

What does the solar wind consist of?

B. dangerous radiation

Up to what elevation can you live without needing supplemental oxygen?

D. 5.5 km

How do sediments differ from melts?

D. Sediments are loose, unconsolidated grains; melts are liquids that were derived from solids.

What is between objects in space?

D. a vacuum

Which of the following best describes the habitable zone?

D. the distance from the Sun where temperatures range between 0°C (freezing) to 100°C (boiling)

What are seismic waves?

D. waves of energy released by earthquakes

In which layer does convection occur?

E. asthenosphere

How can glass be distinguished from a mineral?

Minerals have a crystal form; glass does not because its atoms are not arranged in an orderly manner.

How does Earth's inner core differ from its outer core?

The inner core is solid; the outer core is liquid.

How do Earth's magnetic poles differ from the geographic poles?

The magnetic poles represent the axis of Earth's magnetic field; the geographic poles are where the Earth's axis of rotation intersects the surface.

Which type of rock represents the average composition of the two different types of crust and the mantle?

continental crust granite, oceanic crust basalt, mantle peridotite.