Plant Biology SIU semester final

What are archegonia? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a Structures that produce spores. b Multicellular structures that produce eggs and sperm. c Multicellular structures that produce eggs only. d Multicellular structures that produce sperm only. e Single-celled structures that produce eggs only.

c Multicellular structures that produce eggs only.

Which of the following cell wall components exhibits the greatest mechanical strength? a. glycoproteins b. hemicellulose c. pectin d. cellulose

cellulose

Which of these cell wall components is the strongest and resistant to decay?

cellulose

alive at maturity and not uniformly thick walled

collenchyma

pinnately compound leaves

cycads

Leaves various (broad or scale-like or only ever producing cotyledons)

gnetophytes

Which organelle is found in both plants and animals?

golgi

Which biome is the most dry, frequently having succulent plants?

desert

What is the ploidy of a fern sporophyte?

diploid

When does a stomate open?

When K ions are being pumped into the vacuoles of the guard cells

Which of these statements is true about sporophytes? a They are always diploid b They are always larger than the gametophyte c They always produce gametes d They are always non-photosynthetic

a they are always diploid

During which eon(s) was life present in Earth's oceans (check all that apply) Multiple answers:Multiple answers are accepted for this question a Archean b Proterozoic c Phanerozoic d None of these

archean, proterozoic, phanerozoic

In algae and plants, which process gives rise to spores? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a mitosis in a sporophyte b meiosis in a sporophyte c mitosis in a gametophyte d meiosis in a gametophyte

b. meiosis in a sporophyte

The term "stele" refers to the xylem and phloem tissue found running through the center of stems and roots. Order the following types of stele from the most primitive to the most advanced. siphonostele protostele eustele

siphonostele protostele eustele

What is the dominant portion of the life cycle in gymnosperms? a sporophyte b gametophyte c lycophyte d viridophyte

sporophyte

Which group of bryophytes has growth from the base of the sporophyte?

hornwort

This fruit is dry at maturity, from a single carpel, and splits on two sides. What fruit type is it?

legume

Which group of bryophyte includes both "leafy" and "thalloid" members?

liverwort

Peat is a ​[blank] and is a major biological source of fuel, soil additive in horticulture and carbon sequestration.

moss

Which structure produces the megasporangium in gymnosperms? a microgametophyte b ovule c micropyle d pollen

ovule

Early bacteria profoundly altered the Earth's atmosphere. Which atmospheric gases were largely absent until added by bacterial metabolism? Check all that apply. a carbon dioxide b nitrogen c oxygen d methane e ammonia

oxygen

Which phylogenetic grouping includes a common ancestor and some but not all of the descendants. This grouping is best thought of as a "grade" of taxa.

paraphyletic

alive at maturity and thin walled

parenchyma

Which kind of vascular cell type is found in all vascular plants?

tracheids and sieve cells

what botanic discipline is involved with the metabolic functions of platns?

physiology

What is the approximate percent oxygen in the atmosphere today? Answer with a number between 0 and 100.

21

Meiosis results in ​[blank] daughter cells that are each ​[blank].

4 haploid

Which flowering plant family has flowers are arranged in heads, flowers have pappus for dispersal?

Asteraceae

A plant is succulent and lives in the desert. What type of photosynthesis is it likely to utilize?

CAM

found in succulents

CAM

Which of the following taxa is NOT a lycophyte? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a Lycopodiaceae b Equisetopsida c Isoetaceae d Selaginellaceae

Equisetopsida

Why does chlorophyll appear green?

It absorbs red and blue wavelengths

What is an annulus? a. It is the ring of cells in the sporangia of a fern b. It is a circle of sporangia in horsetails c. It is the unique way that a leaf unfurls in a fern

a. It is the ring of cells in the sporangia of a fern

Which of these is true about sporophyte/gametophyte dominance? a. ferns have a dominant sporophytic stage b. mosses have a dominant sporophytic stage c. liverworts have a dominant sporophytic stage d. gymnosperms have a dominant sporophytic stage

a. ferns have a dominant sporophytic stage d. gymnosperms have a dominant sporophytic stage

Which lineage of plants is known for having sporophytes that produce spores and gametophytes that produce gametes? a. mosses b. lycophytes c. ferns d. gymnosperms

a. mosses b. lycophytes c. ferns d. gymnosperms

What was the cause of the Huronian Glaciation Event between 2.4 and 2.1 bya? a Cyanobacteria removed oxygen from the atmosphere, causing the Earth to cool. b Oxygen released by cyanobacteria reacted with the potent greenhouse gas methane, removing it from the atmosphere and causing the Earth to cool. c Oxygen released by cyanobacteria reacted with the potent greenhouse gas carbon dioxide, removing it from the atmosphere and causing the Earth to cool. d Cyanobacteria released nitrogen gas into the atmosphere, causing the Earth to cool.

b Oxygen released by cyanobacteria reacted with the potent greenhouse gas methane, removing it from the atmosphere and causing the Earth to cool.

Bryophytes contain sporopollenin in their < blank >, while charophyte algae contain it in their <blank.> Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a zygotes; spores b spores; zygotes c spores; gametophytes d zygotes, gametophytes e gametophytes, zygotes

b spores; zygotes

Which of these groups of plants can be heterosporous? a mosses b liverworts c ferns d lycophytes e gymnosperms

c. ferns d. lycophytes e. gymnosperms

most common type of photosynthesis

c3

common in grasses

c4

needle like leaves

conifers

Which of the following statements about stromatolites and cyanobacteria is FALSE? a Stromatolites are layered mounds formed by the growth of photosynthetic cyanobacteria. b Fossil evidence suggests that stromatolites were present in the Earth's oceans 3.5 billion years ago. c Stromatolites still form today in shallow, salty sea water with a very high temperature. d Ancient stromatolites are thought to have removed oxygen from the Earth's atmosphere. e Prior to the activity of cyanobacteria and other photosynthetic organisms, carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere were as high as 30%.

d Ancient stromatolites are thought to have removed oxygen from the Earth's atmosphere

Which of the following is NOT evidence that supports the endosymbiotic theory? a Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own DNA and ribosomes, which resemble those of bacteria. b Mitochondria and chloroplasts divide like bacteria within living cells; if they are destroyed, the cell cannot make more of them. c Mitochondria and chloroplasts have two membranes, one of which was derived from the host cell plasma membrane. d Mitochondria and chloroplasts both use oxygen to release the stored energy from sugars.

d Mitochondria and chloroplasts both use oxygen to release the stored energy from sugars.

Give the ploidy of the following: gametophyte, spore, gamete, sporophyte, zygote a n, n, 2n, 2n, n b 2n, 2n, n, 2n, n c n, 2n, 2n, 2n, n d n, n, n, 2n, 2n e n, n, n, 2n, n

d n, n, n, 2n, 2n

What is a synapomorphy of ALL land plants?

embryo

fan shaped leaves

ginkos

What is the term for gametophyte and sporophyte generations that appear identical?

gamete

Which portion of the life cycle of a moss is dominant?

gametophyte

What is the term for gametophyte and sporophyte generations that appear identical?

isomorphic

A guard cell is under water stress and becomes flaccid. What happens to the stomate?

it closes

Which of these is not part of a seed of a gymnosperm? a integument b microphyll c micropyle d nucellus

microphyll

What do we call primitive lycophyte leaves with a single central leaf vein?

microphylls

Which structure produces pollen in gymnosperms? a microgametophyte b megagametophyte c microsporangium d megasporangium

microsporangium

In Hydnophytum, ants make a home in the pithy stem (see holes and chambers in the images. The ant protects the plant, the ant gets a home. What is the nature of this ant/plant interaction?

mutualism

Which cell wall polymer is highly hydrophilic? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a pectin b hemicellulose c plasmodesmata d cellulose

pectin

Name one cell wall component that is a heteropolymer.

pectin or hemicellulose

In a Eudicot root, what are these clustered, vascular, parenchymatous cells called?

phloem

How did the plastid come to be in green algae?

primary endosymbiosis

dead at maturity and uniformly thick walled

sclernchyma

Is the origin of brown algal plastids the result of primary or secondary endosymbiosis?

secondary

Which is NOT a function of the vacuole? a generating positive hydrostatic pressure inside the cell b synthesizing sugars c storing pigments and defense compounds d breaking down unneeded macromolecules

synthesizing sugars

Which biome gets the most rain and has the highest annual precipitation?

tropical rain forest