Plant quiz 2
1) Of the following, which is not a process involved in the movement of water through a plant? A) transpiration B) cohesion C) translocation D) absorption E) evaporation
C
10) Which of the following statements if not correct? A) The cells involved in the transport of organic materials in the phloem are the sieve tube members. B) The column of connected sieve tube members is called the sieve tube. C) Adjoining each sieve tube member is a companion cell with a large nucleus that "controls" the adjacent sieve tube member through numerous plasmodesmata. D) In monocots, xylem and phloem are found in a ring at the periphery of the stem. E) Springwood has cells that are noticeably larger than those of summerwood.
C
13) Which of the following is not considered to be a heavy metal? A) Lead B) Cadmium C) Ozone D) Mercury E) Aluminum
C
15) The polarity of water molecules creates ________ bonds between adjacent molecules. A) covalent B) ionic C) hydrogen D) peptide E) glycosidic
C
16) The appearance of annual rings in wood is created by which of the following? A) smaller springwood cells and larger summerwood cells B) heavily pigmented springwood cells and lightly pigmented summerwood cells C) larger springwood cells and smaller summerwood cells D) the presence of cells in springwood and the absence of cells in summerwood E) vascular rays that extend to the cork cambium
C
18) In what direction do dissolved sugars move in a plant? A) upward towards the stomata B) downward towards the roots C) to areas in need of energy regardless of direction D) upward during the day and downward at night E) Sugars stay where they are produced.
C
19) On what tissue would you find the Casparian strip? A) pericycle B) cortex C) endodermis D) epidermis E) primary xylem
C
20) The most common disaccharide transported in the phloem is which of the following? A) glucose B) fructose C) sucrose D) starch E) maltose
C
20) What is the function of the Casparian strip? A) Maximizes photosynthesis. B) Conducts sugars to the cortex. C) Regulates the flow of water and minerals into the xylem. D) Converts sugar into starch. E) Prevents water from entering the epidermis.
C
23) Which of the following choices is not a zone of the root tip? A) apical meristem B) zone of elongation C) zone of maturation D) vascular cylinder E) zone of cell division
C
27) Most photosynthesis takes place in the ________ of a typical leaf. A) spongy mesophyll B) epidermis C) palisade mesophyll D) vascular bundles E) guard cells
C
29) This plant is biennial and is important for the production of vitamin A. The part eaten is the tap root. This plant could be which of the following? A) radish. B) lettuce. C) carrot. D) asparagus. E) None of the above are correct.
C
3) Which of the following gives rise to leaves? A) cork cambium B) vascular cambium C) apical meristem D) more than one of these gives rise to leaves E) None of the above are correct.
C
3) Which of the following prevents water moving through the xylem from falling back towards the roots? A) osmosis B) simple diffusion C) cohesion and adhesion D) gravity E) ionic bonds
C
4) A single layer of flattened cells on the outer surface of an herbaceous stem defines the A) cortex. B) pith. C) epidermis. D) apical meristem. E) periderm.
C
41) The first stable product of the Calvin Cycle is a ________ molecule. A) glucose B) fructose C) phosphoglyceraldehyde D) phosphoglyceric acid E) sucrose
C
44) How are CAM plants different from all other plants? A) The final product of CAM photosynthesis is sucrose. B) The CO2 that diffuses into CAM plants is incorporated into an organic acid. C) Carbon fixation occurs at night. D) Stomata remain open during the day. E) More than one of the above are correct.
C
5) Which of the following is not correct? A) The loss of water vapor from leaves is the force behind the movement of water in xylem. B) About 90 percent of the water lost by evaporation is through the stomata. C) Transpiration by plants is not a major force in the global cycling of water. D) Stomata are generally open during daylight and closed at night. E) Xerophytes are plants that can grow in arid environments, partly due to reduced or sunken stomata.
C
7) Which of the following cells regulate the opening and closing of stomata? A) companion cells B) trichomes C) guard cells D) vessel elements E) tracheids
C
8) Which of the following would not prevent the flow of water through a plant? A) 100% relative humidity B) very dry soils C) hypotonic soil solution relative to the plant D) damaged xylem tissue E) All of the above would prevent the flow of water through a plant.
C
9) Which of the following cells is not commonly found in gymnosperms? A) sieve tube members B) tracheids C) vessel elements D) parenchyma E) sclerenchyma
C
11) Soils are most commonly deficient in ________ and ________. A) calcium; phosphorous B) nitrogen; calcium C) magnesium; nitrogen D) nitrogen; phosphorous E) calcium; nitrogen
D
13) The conducting cells of xylem are ________ and ________. A) tracheids; companion cells B) phloem; tracheids C) companion cells; sieve tube members D) tracheids; vessel elements E) none of the above are correct
D
15) Looking at a cross section of a plant stem under a microscope, you see a clearly defined pith in the middle of the stem and vascular bundles in a ring surrounding the pith. You conclude that this plant is likely which of the following? A) monocot B) woody dicot C) conifer D) herbaceous dicot E) fern
D
2) Which of the following is not an area of active cell division? A) apical meristem B) lateral meristem C) cork cambium D) secondary phloem E) vascular cambium
D
21) Trees with roots submerged in water, like cypress trees, are able to take in oxygen thanks to which of the following? A) aerial roots B) prop roots C) contractile roots D) pneumatophores E) deep tap roots
D
24) Which of the following statements is correct? A) After being uploaded from the phloem, sugars are usually converted to starch or other storage carbohydrates. B) During the Middle Ages, sugar was an expensive luxury. C) Columbus introduced sugarcane to the Caribbean Islands, and many islands were denuded of native forests and planted with sugarcane soon afterward. D) The growing of sugarcane was indirectly responsible for the establishment of slavery in the Americas. E) All of the above are correct.
D
24) You are viewing a cross section of a plant structure. There is a pith in the middle of the plant structure surrounded by xylem and phloem, which in turn are surrounded by an endodermis. You are most likely looking at which of the following? A) herbaceous dicot stem B) herbaceous dicot root C) monocot stem D) monocot root E) woody dicot trunk
D
25) Which of the following statements is not correct? A) Sugarcane, Saccharum officinarum, is a perennial member of the grass family, Poaceae. B) Sugarcane owes its importance to the sucrose stored in the cells of the stem. C) Sugarcane, which uses the C4 pathway for photosynthesis, is considered to be one of the most efficient converters of solar energy into chemical energy. D) Sugar beet, Beta vulgaris, is closely related to sugarcane. E) One gram of sugar has fewer calories than a gram of fat.
D
25) Which of the following structures is found in an herbaceous dicot root but not in a monocot root? A) epidermis B) endodermis C) cortex D) pericycle E) All of these structures are found in both herbaceous dicot roots and monocot roots.
D
26) The Second Law of Thermodynamics states which of the following? A) In every energy exchange, some energy is destroyed. B) Energy cannot be created or destroyed. C) All of the energy in the Universe has existed forever. D) No energy conversion is 100% efficient. E) More than one of these statements are correct.
D
26) The leaves of corn (Zea mays) exhibit parallel venation. Corn is classified as which of the following? A) herbaceous dicot B) woody dicot C) conifer D) monocot E) fern
D
28) Adding a phosphate group to a molecule is called ________. A) photosynthesis B) aerobic respiration C) oxidation D) phosphorylation E) reduction
D
28) This plant is a dioecious perennial. The part eaten is the aerial stem. Of the following choices, this plant would likely be a(n) A) radish. B) lettuce. C) carrot. D) asparagus. E) turnip.
D
29) Which of the following statements is not correct? A) The First Law of Thermodynamics states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed but can be converted from one form to another. B) The Second law of Thermodynamics states that in any transfer of energy there is always a loss of useful energy to the system, usually in the form of "heat" or radiant energy. C) All forms of energy are broadly classified as either potential energy or kinetic energy. D) When a molecule gains an electron, it is said to be oxidized; and when that molecule gives up the electron, it is said to be reduced. E) All of the above are correct.
D
31) When a botanist speaks of wood, she is really speaking of the ________. A) secondary phloem B) periderm C) cortex D) secondary xylem E) None of the above are correct.
D
32) Which of the following cells does not occur in the phloem? A) sieve tube members B) companion cells C) parenchyma cells D) vessel elements E) fibers
D
33) When ADP is phosphorylated, it becomes which of the following? A) DNA B) hydrolyzed C) AMP D) ATP E) oxidized
D
35) Chlorophyll is most concentrated in the ________ of the chloroplast. A) stroma B) matrix C) cristae D) grana E) nucleus
D
36) The oxygen (O2) from photosynthesis is derived from the "splitting" of ________. A) CO2 B) ATP C) NADPH D) H2O E) glucose
D
4) What structure of the guard cells allows them to expand outward instead of spherically when inflated with water? A) thick outer walls in contact with epidermal cells B) thin inner walls that border the stomata C) thin outer walls in contact with epidermal cells D) thick inner walls that border the stomata E) a pericycle within the stomata
D
40) The energy to power the Calvin Cycle reactions come from the ________ of the light reactions. A) reactants B) products C) redox reactions D) photophosphorylation reactions E) enzymes
D
46) The main purpose of cellular respiration is the production of which of the following? A) CO2 B) NADH C) glucose D) ATP E) water
D
48) Where in a plant cell does most ATP production take place? A) stroma of the chloroplast B) grana of the chloroplast C) matrix of the mitochondrion D) inner membrane of the mitochondrion E) cytoplasm of the plant cell
D
8) The water-conducting cells found in angiosperms include which of the following? A) tracheids B) vessel elements C) sieve tube members D) both tracheids and vessel elements E) both tracheids and sieve tube members
D
14) Which of the following is not a correct association? A) Epidermis :: protection B) Periderm :: protection C) Collenchyma :: support D) Xylem :: water conduction and support E) Sclerenchyma :: photosynthesis and storage
E
19) Regarding translocation, which of the following tissues serves as a sink? A) an actively growing fruit B) an apical meristem C) the cortex of a root D) the pith of a stem E) All of the above may serve as sinks.
E
31) Which of the following statements is not correct? A) The sun is basically a thermonuclear reactor producing electromagnetic radiation. B) Visible light is only a tiny spectrum of the full electromagnetic radiation but makes up about 40 percent of the radiant energy reaching the Earth. C) Photons have a fixed quantity of energy. D) The wavelengths of visible light useful to plants resides in the electromagnetic spectrum ranging from 380 to 760 nm in wavelength. E) All of the above are correct.
E
39) How many turns of the Calvin Cycle are required for the production of one glucose (C6H12O6)? A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5 E) 6
E
51) Which of the following statements is correct? A) The major organ of photosynthesis is the leaf. B) The actual site of photosynthesis is the chloroplast. C) Thylakoid sacs comprise the grana, sites of the light reaction. D) The stroma contains the enzymes that carry out the Calvin Cycle. E) All of the above are correct.
E
6) Which of the following is a correct statement? A) Mitotically active regions of vascular plants are called meristems. B) The three basic types of tissues in higher plants are dermal, ground, and vascular tissue. C) Apical meristems give rise to primary growth (leaves, nonwoody stems, and roots). D) Secondary growth results from vascular cambium and cork cambium. E) All of the above are correct statements.
E
1) Which of the following is correct? A) The earliest forms of cellular life were unicellular. B) Single-celled organisms cannot carry out all the functions of life by themselves. C) Tissues are composed of specialized organs. D) Most cells of multicellular organisms such as plants are not highly specialized. E) The organs of flowering plants include roots, stems, and leaves.
A
11) To what cells are companion cells actually "companions"? A) sieve tube members B) tracheids C) vessel elements D) epidermal cells E) more than one of these
A
12) Your tomato plants are stunted, older leaves are dark green, and there are patches of deep red pigmentation on the stems and leaves. Your tomato plant is likely suffering from ________ deficiency. A) phosphorous B) nitrogen C) magnesium D) calcium E) copper
A
16) Which one of the following regulates the movement of water and minerals into the stele? A) xylem B) phloem C) Casparian strip D) root hairs E) None of the above are correct.
A
17) In a mature tree, the cortex has been completely replaced by the ________. A) periderm B) secondary phloem C) secondary xylem D) vascular rays E) epidermis
A
17) Transpiration occurs because of which of the following? A) evaporation of water at stomatal surfaces B) hypertonic soil solutions relative to the root solution C) absorption of water and dissolved minerals by root hairs D) osmotic pressure within xylem tissues E) the closing of guard cells
A
2) The evaporation of water at stomatal surfaces on the leaves creates a(n)________ that pulls the water through the plant. A) tension caused by the cohesive pull on the water column B) osmotic pull caused by cohesive push on the water column C) vacuum created by diffusing water D) evaporative push created by osmosis E) a diffusion gradient
A
27) Starch and glycogen are energy-storage molecules. The energy stored in these molecules is an example of ________ energy. A) potential B) kinetic C) reduced D) oxidized E) electrical
A
30) Enzymes are which of the following? A) catalysts B) proteins C) highly specific for certain reactants D) required to lower the energy for reactions to occur in biological systems E) All of the above are correct.
A
30) The formation of secondary xylem is due to the activities of which of the following? A) vascular cambium B) cork cambium C) epidermis D) cortex E) None of the above are correct.
A
32) During the Calvin cycle, ________ and ________ supply energy for the fixation and reduction of carbon dioxide. A) ATP; NADPH B) O2; CO2 C) ATP; O2 D) H2O; NADPH E) H2O; O2
A
34) Botanically, the radish is a composite vegetable consist of both ________ and ________. A) root; hypocotyl (base of stem) B) root; root hairs C) epicotyl; hypocotyl D) root; modified leaves E) None of the above are correct.
A
34) Visible light is a form of ________ radiation. A) electromagnetic B) ultraviolet C) cosmic D) magnetic E) chemical
A
37) The wavelength for the maximum light absorption of the reaction center of Photosystem I is in the ________ region. A) red B) blue C) green D) yellow E) None of the above are correct.
A
38) The ultimate source of electrons in the light reactions of photosynthesis is which of the following? A) H2O B) CO2 C) ATP D) glucose E) NADP+
A
42) The first step of the Calvin Cycle is the fixation of ________. A) carbon dioxide B) ATP C) water D) oxygen E) glucose
A
45) Which of the following statements is correct? A) The products of photosynthesis are the reactants of cellular respiration. B) Photosynthesis is a catabolic pathway; respiration is an anabolic pathway. C) Only in cellular respiration is ATP produced. D) If photosynthesis did not exist, cellular respiration would be unaffected. E) The electromagnetic energy involved in photosynthesis is in the ultraviolet region.
A
47) In what stage of cellular respiration is glucose split? A) glycolysis B) Krebs cycle C) electron transport D) Calvin cycle E) anaerobic cycle
A
49) What is the role of oxygen in aerobic cellular respiration? A) It is the final electron acceptor in electron transport. B) It provides energy for ATP synthase to function. C) It supplies electrons to electron transport. D) It is responsible for splitting glucose. E) It donates hydrogen ions to electrons.
A
6) The absorption of water from the soil is accomplished by two pathways: ________ and ________. A) Symplast; apoplast B) Apoptosis; hydroponics C) Hypertonic; hypotonic D) Diffusion; osmosis E) None of the above are correct
A
10) What is the source of the minerals required by plants for normal growth and development? A) the atmosphere B) the soil C) mycorrhizal fungi D) root hairs E) None of the above are correct.
B
12) Of the following, which one functions as a living cell at maturity? A) fibers B) collenchyma C) tracheids D) vessel elements E) cork
B
14) What is the name given to plants that can concentrate minerals at levels 100 times more than normal? A) Hydroponicals B) Hyperaccumulators C) Phytoremediators D) Toxic accumulators E) None of the above are correct.
B
18) In the roots of herbaceous dicots, where is the phloem found? A) in vascular bundles B) between the "cross-like arms" of the xylem C) in alternating bands with the xylem D) in the very center of the root E) between the pericycle and the endodermis
B
21) In the Pressure Flow Model of the movement of sugar through the phloem, what process causes the pressure? A) photosynthesis B) osmosis C) transpiration D) dialysis E) reverse osmosis
B
22) Which of the following is correct? A) Products of photosynthesis move from source to sink. B) The Pressure Flow Hypothesis may explain translocation in the phloem. C) The highly concentrated solution of sugar in the sieve tube members causes water to enter by osmosis from nearby xylem elements. D) After being uploaded from the phloem, sugars are usually converted to starch or other compounds. E) All of the above are correct.
B
22) Which of the following root tissues gives rise to lateral root branches? A) endodermis B) pericycle C) apical meristem D) cortex E) primary phloem
B
23) Which of the following is a correct statement? A) Transpiration is a passive process; translocation requires metabolic energy. B) Translocation is a passive process; transpiration requires metabolic energy. C) Transpiration and translocation are both passive processes. D) Transpiration and translocation both require metabolic energy. E) None of the above are correct.
B
33) Celery and rhubarb are which of the following? A) leaflets B) petioles C) stems D) vines E) fruits
B
43) The enzyme responsible for the first step of the Calvin Cycle is which of the following? A) ATP synthase B) RUBISCO C) catalase D) amylase E) NABISCO
B
5) All of the following would be found in epidermis tissue except one. Choose the exception. A) guard cells B) companion cells C) cuticle D) stomata E) trichomes
B
50) What is the importance of glucose in cellular respiration? A) When it splits, it generates the ATP necessary for metabolism. B) It provides electrons for the electron transport system. C) It powers the ATP synthase in chemiosmosis. D) It is the final electron acceptor in electron transport. E) It provides the fuel for making proteins from glucose.
B
7) What is the big dilemma plants face on a hot, dry day? A) allowing H2O in while minimizing O2 loss B) allowing CO2 in while minimizing H2O loss C) allowing O2 in while minimizing H2O loss D) allowing O2 in while minimizing CO2 loss E) None of the above are correct.
B
9) The intercellular pathway of water movement from the soil to the xylem of the root is the ________ pathway. A) symplastic B) apoplastic C) leucoplastic D) chromoplastic E) pyroclastic
B