Plants

true

A saguaro cactus uses its thick stem to store water. True or False?

d

A sporangium a. produces diploid spores by mitosis b. produces haploid gametes by meiosis c. is found only in gametophytes d. none of the above

pollinator

A(n) _________________ is an animal that picks up pollen from a flower and carries it to another flower.

ovule

A(n) _________________ of a seed plant is a reproductive structure that contains a tiny female gametophyte.

aquatic

A(n) _________________ plant is any plant that lives in water.

d

Adaptations in xerophytes include a. widespread roots b. barrel-shaped stems c. thorns d. all of the above

true

After plant cells become specialized, they can no longer divide. True or False?

false

All modern seed plants produce flowers and fruits. True or False?

c

All of the following are functions of plant roots except a. storing food b. absorbing water c. releasing oxygen d. anchoring plants to the ground

c

Gravitropism occurs because of specialized cells in a plant's a. stems b. leaves c. roots d. flowers

c

Having a dominant sporophyte generation was an important adaptation for land plants because a sporophyte a. is haploid b. needs less water c. has a back-up copy of each gene d. all of the above

d

Parts of a seed include a. an embryo b. endosperm c. a hull d. all of the above

cellulose

Plant cells have cell walls that are made of _________________.

primary

Plant roots that grow downward are called _________________ roots.

secondary

Plant roots that grow out to the sides are called _________________ roots.

c

Plant stems and leaves always grow toward a. the sky b. the equator c. a light source d. a water supply

false

Plants are unable to resist predators because they cannot run away or hide. True or False?

air

Plants called epiphytes obtain moisture from the _________________.

true

Plants detect and respond to the daily cycle of light and darkness. True or False?

true

Plants have an immune system that protects them from disease. True or False?

true

Plants have reproductive organs that produce gametes. True or False?

false

Plants require oxygen for photosynthesis. True or False?

d

Plants such as Venus fly traps consume insects to get extra a. energy b. carbon c. water d. nutrients

true

Plants were the first organisms to colonize Earth's land surfaces. True or False?

d

Primary growth in plants a. occurs at the tips of roots b. allows plants to grow taller c. occurs only in very young plants d. two of the above

gravity

Primary plant roots always grow downward because of Earth's _________________.

water

Some plants close their leaves at night to prevent loss of _________________.

a

Sporophytes a. are plants in the diploid generation b. form from haploid spores c. produce haploid gametes d. none of the above

false

The earliest land plants were similar to modern ferns. True or False?

a

The earliest plants a. evolved from green algae b. were dominant aquatic organisms c. had vascular tissues d. evolved on land

false

The earliest plants to evolve were flowering plants. True or False?

germination

The early growth and development of a plant embryo inside a seed is called _________________.

adaptation

any trait that has evolved to help an organism survive and reproduce under certain conditions

tropism

any turning toward or away from a stimulus in the environment

pistil

female reproductive organ in a flower

chloroplast

plant organelle where photosynthesis takes place

epiphyte

plant that grows on other plants rather than in soil

xerophyte

plant that is adapted to very dry conditions

gymnosperm

plant that produces naked seeds in cones

angiosperm

plant that produces seeds in the ovaries of flowers

cone

reproductive structure made of overlapping scales where naked plant seeds develop

seed

reproductive structure that contains a plant embryo and a food supply

gravitropism

response of a plant to gravity

phototropism

response of a plant to light

dormancy

suspension of growth and development in a plant during periods of extreme coldness and dryness

false

A fibrous root system has a very long primary root and few secondary roots. True or False?

chemicals

A plant may produce _________________ to warn other plants of threats to their health.

growing

A plant's primary way of responding to stimuli is to change how it is _________________.

false

An ofspring plant is more likely to survive if it grows very close to the parent plant. True or False?

false

An orchid gets nutrients from its host tree. True or False?

d

Anything in the environment that causes a response in a plant is called a a. tropism b. pathogen c. toxin d. stimulus

false

Carnivorous plants do not undergo photosynthesis to make food. True or False?

c

Cuticle in plants is secreted by cells of a. ground tissue b. meristem c. dermal tissue d. vascular tissue

false

Each plant organ generally contains just one of the major types of plant tissues. True or False?

b

Epiphytes in a rainforest use rainforest trees for a. food b. support c. oxygen d. pollination

spermatophytes

Modern seed plants are called _________________.

false

Most modern plants spend the majority of their life in the haploid generation. True or False?

d

The life cycle of all plants includes a. alternation of generations b. sexual and asexual reproduction c. haploid and diploid generations d. all of the above

false

The narrow, strap-like leaves of cattails help them float on water. True or False?

fruit

The ovary of a flowering plant develops into a(n) ____________.

false

The part of a seed plant that develops into a seed is the pollen. True or False?

ovary

The pistil of a flower consists of a stigma, style, and _________________.

false

The scales of cones are modified flower petals. True or False?

true

The stamen of a lower has a stalk-like ilament that ends in an anther. True or False?

xylem

The vascular tissue called _________________ carries water and dissolved minerals from a plant's roots to its leaves.

pholem

The vascular tissue called _________________ carries water and dissolved sugar from a plant's leaves to other parts of the plant.

a

Tracheophytes include a. ferns b. liverworts c. hornworts d. two of the above

aerobic

What are organisms that use oxygen called?

b

What is a function of flower petals? a. making seeds b. attracting pollinators c. forming fruits d. producing spores

celery

What is an example of ground tissue in stems storing food or water during cold or dry seasons?

b

Which statement about aquatic plants is true? a. They have ancestors that lived on land b. They do not need any special adaptations c. They must have extensive root systems d. none of the above

a

Which statement about vascular plants is false? a. Vascular plants evolved after seed plants had appeared b. Vascular plants are the dominant land plants on Earth c. Vascular plants have specialized tissues to transfer water d. Vascular plants can grow taller than nonvascular plants

d

Which structure finally freed plants from depending on moisture to reproduce? a. root system b. pollen tube c. vascular tissue d. seed cone

d

While plants are actively growing, they need a. sunlight b. temperatures above freezing c. carbon dioxide d. all of the above

vascular plants

Who are the dominant land plants today?

stoneworts

Who were the first plants similar to?

Leaves

________________ are plant organs that have the primary role of collecting sunlight and making food.

Transpiration

_________________ is the process in which plants release water vapor to the air from their leaves.

Pollen

_________________ of a seed plant is a reproductive structure that contains a tiny male gametophyte enclosed in a tough capsule.

Carnivorous

_________________ plants get some or most of their nutrients from other organisms.

stamen

male reproductive organ in a flower

bryophyte

modern nonvascular plant

stoma

tiny pore in a plant leaf through which gas exchange takes place

meristem

type of plant tissue consisting of undiferentiated cells that can continue to divide

ground tissue

type of plant tissue that carries out biochemical reactions

dermal tissue

type of plant tissue that covers the outside of a plant

vascular tissue

type of plant tissue that transports fluids

cuticle

waxy substance secreted by plant cells that helps prevent water loss