Pleurae

The trachea subsequently laterally branches, forming the _____. The _____ grow toward each precursor pleural sac.

bronchi bronchi

The thoracic surface (superior surface) of the diaphragm is associated with ____ _____.

diaphragmatic pleura

The parts of the pleural sac lining everything else (thoracic wall, thoracic surface of diaphragm, the membranes of the mediastinum) are called ____ _____.

parietal pleura

Alternatively, ____ ____ ___ & ____ ____ can result in air escaping the lungs into the pleural cavity causing spontaneous atelectasis.

ruptured visceral pleura & lung tissue

The ____ ____ also produces surface tension adhesion between visceral and parietal pleurae.

serous fluid

The pleurae contain _____ _____ that secrete a ______ _____ into the pleural space between _____ & _____ _____.

serous membranes serous fluid visceral parietal pleurae

The costo-diaphragmatic recess is accessed between the ___ & ___ ___ at the level of the ____ ____ ____.

9th & 10th rib mid-axillary line

Thoracic viscera in the mediastinum includes:

Heart Great vessels Esophagus Thymus

Superiorly, the parietal pleura forms an apex that extends somewhat ____ ___ ____ in the base of the neck. It is called _____ ____.

above 1st rib cervical pleura

Without adhesion between pleural surfaces, the lungs collapse under inherent elastic recoil (______).

atelectasis

The interior surface of the thoracic wall is lined with parietal pleura more specifically referred to as _____ ______.

costal pleura

The inferior & lateral margins of the pleural cavity region is called the ______ ______ _____.

costo-diaphragmatic recess

Similar to pneumothorax, bleeding into the pleural space can break surface tension maintaining expanded lungs, promoting recoil and atelectasis is called _____.

hemothorax

Pleural effusions can also result from _____ of the pleural cavity.

infections

If patient is upright, pleural fluid will accumulate in recess in ____ & ___ ____ of pleural cavity.

inferior & lateral margins

The pleura lines the _____ _____ of the pulmonary cavities, including the outer surfaces of the lungs.

internal surfaces

The serous fluid ____ ___ ____ of expanding and deflating lungs within thoracic cavities.

lubricates the movement

These bronchi displace the pleural sac & they continue to branch to form the _____.

lungs

The left (8) and right (7) pulmonary cavities contain the ____ & _____.

lungs & pleurae

The ____ ____ covers the lateral aspects mediastinum.

mediastinal pleura

The _____ contains the remaining thoracic viscera (everything else besides the lungs).

mediastinum

The left and right pulmonary cavities are separated by an intervening _______.

mediastinum (9)

While pneumothorax is often caused by a ____ ____, hemothorax is often caused by...

penetrating injury fractured ribs tear pleural lining of lungs

A _____ ____ can cause air to fill the pleural cavities, which can break the surface tension between parietal pleurae and the lung surface.

penetrating wound

In the end, the outer surfaces of the lungs become lined with _____.

pleura

The _____ are serous membranes that line the pulmonary cavities and the outer surfaces of the lungs.

pleurae

The blood filling the pleural space is referred to as a ____ _____.

pleural effusion

Each pulmonary cavity is lined by a ____ ____ or _______.

pleural membrane or pleura

Bleeding from ruptured intercostal vessels then fills the _____ _____.

pleural space

Infected pleura can cause inflammation (_____) leading to accumulation of pus and inflammatory fluids or ________.

pleuritis hydrothorax

Air in the pleural cavity causing atelectasis is called _____.

pneumothorax

During development, the trachea buds from the ______ _____.

primitive esophagus

The parietal pleura lines many features of _____ ______.

pulmonary cavities

Each lung is invested by and enclosed in a ____ ____ _____.

serous pleural sac

The visceral pleural is difficult to appreciate directly, but it does give outer lung surfaces a ____ & ____ appearance.

shiny and smooth

The needle is usually inserted using the ____ _____ of the rib as a guide.

superior border

This _____ _____ prevents lungs from collapsing under their own elastic recoil.

surface tension

In the embryo, the pulmonary cavities are lined with _____ _____, the precursor tissue of the pleura.

thoracic coelom

When a sample of pleural serous fluid is required, it can be obtained via ________.

thoracocentesis

The thoracic cavity is divided into ____ compartments.

three

The parts of the pleural sac directly lining the lungs are called the ____ ____.

visceral pleural