PLT 5-9 (2)

formal assessment

-used during and after instructional unit -Planned ahead WITH scoring guidelines -Includes quizzes, tests, projects, scored with written responses

It improves student responses and questions

According to research, why is increased wait time after a teacher asks a question an effective instructional tool?

Differentiated

______________ instruction is the best way to meet all student needs.

measurable, observable, and within the cognitive domain because it refers to knowledge.

"Students will be able to identify the two things being compared in a simile." This is example is

Formative assessment (InFORMS instruction towards the learning objective)

-Assessments for learning -They are used to guide instruction and to see students progress so that teachers can adjust instruction -Help teachers answer what they should teach next.

Summative Assessment (sums up what the students have learned on the learning objective)

-Assessments of learning -used to gauge instruction by determining whether or not students mastered a learning objective. -Help teachers answer the question: "what did my students learn?" (what are they able to do?

Informal assessment

-given throughout instructional unit -Flexible, easily adjusted -can be seen through observation like facial expressions, comments, hand signals, quick-check written responses, thumbs up and down

Memory or recall

________________ processes can be described as providing facts from given sets of information.

Providing differentiated graphic organizers based on the students; proficiency level ( a beginner ELL could use a graphic organizer with more boxes/scaffolding/ sentence stems while a more advanced student may only need a traditional outline)

A fifth-grade English teacher has several English-language learners (ELL) in her class. They all seem to be struggling with an essay assignment, even though they are at various levels of English-language proficiency. Which of the following strategies will help all the ELLs in the class complete the essay assignment?

The student will understand that earth's surface is constantly changing (it provides a focus for the unit as a whole. The learning goal is the broad focus that the learning objectives will all support)

A fifth-grade teacher is planning a science unit in which the students will study the earth's surface and the impacts of erosion. He has begun by identifying the learning goal for the unit and the learning objectives for various lessons. Which of the following is the best example of a learning goal for this unit?

Address the same instructional goals and objectives as those in the original lessons (it focuses the main priority on the same goals and objectives that the other students experience)

A fifth-grade teacher's science class includes several English language learners who have varying levels of English language proficiency. As the teacher considers ways to adapt instruction to meet these students' learning needs, what approach would be most important?

psychomotor domain (phsyical and motor skills)

A lesson focused on teaching students how to use more that one finger when typing would fall under which learning domain?

Highlight examples of decimal and fraction use from the students' lives. By relating the concept to a familiar situation in the students' lives, the teacher takes an abstract example and provides students with real-world context through which to understand it.

A math teacher wants to introduce a lesson on the use of decimals and fractions. Which of the following strategies is most likely to increase the students' understanding of the concepts?

inform upcoming instructional strategies (data on student understanding, misconceptions, and error patterns is best used to inform instructional strategies on the same or subsequent topics)

A mathematics teacher gives her class a two-question clicker quiz at the end of each class period and tabulates their answers according to their mathematical understanding, misconceptions, and error patterns. If her goal is improvement in her students' mathematical proficiency, her best use of the data would be to use it to:

to develop a new activity with the same skills and standards. obtain ideas from the shared activity, but do not reproduce, modify, or distribute the same activity sheet.

A middle school English language arts teacher recently attended a conference in which sample lesson plans and activities were shared with participants. The teacher planned to use one of the activities until he noticed a copyright statement which indicated that the activity could not be reproduced, modified, or distributed. Which of the following responses ensures that the teacher complies with copyright laws?

The assignment allows the teacher to save class time by addressing administrative tasks such as attendance while students are engaged (this saves class time and develops a beneficial routine for the class)

A middle school English language arts teacher starts each class period with a grammar warm-up. Questions are posted on the board, and students respond in a section of their notebooks while the teacher takes attendance, passes out materials, and checks in with students who are returning from an absence. Which of the following describes the most significant benefit of this warm-up?

graphic organizer

A visual aid to help organize information.

seat students in groups of three that include a student from each school (heterogeneous seating arrangement would encourage students to get to know students from other campuses)

A middle school has three feeder elementary schools. To ensure that all students feel connected on their first day of school, the science teacher plans small group activities in her classroom. What is the best method to seat students?

Lead a group discussion about cliques and how it feels to be included and excluded from activities (allowing students to voice their support or opposition to cliques is the best strategy because it does not alienate the students and allows each student to voice a perspective on the situation)

A middle school teacher has noticed many students in her classroom have formed cliques and several students are being excluded from these social groups. The excluded students have demonstrated a decrease in their willingness to participate in classroom activities and group discussions. Which of the following strategies would be the best first step in rebuilding a positive learning environment for all of the students?

Move to another instructional activity that engages students' interests and reflects on how she can make the lesson more effective.

A middle school teacher, Ms. Andrews, notices that during her lesson many students are not paying attention and a few students are beginning to fall asleep. Which of the following would be the most appropriate action for the teacher to take?

a pacing guide for the district that aligns with state standards

A new middle school science teacher is planning lessons and units for the semester. Which of the following resources would be most useful for developing these types of plans?

What will be the main concepts or skills addressed during the unit. (so that they can plan activities to teach and reinforce these skills)

A new teacher is planning a unit of study. Which of the following should the teacher first consider when planning for instruction?

have the teacher ensure that the homework demonstrates the students' academic abilities and NOT their limitations of the English Language.

A social studies class has several students who are classified as English language learners. As the teacher reviews the class' homework, he notices the English language learners have the lowest grades in the class. The most appropriate response to this information would be to:

Copy and paste the chart in the paper, citing the source. (a chart from a website can be included, as long as the source is properly cited)

A student finds a chart on a website while doing research and wants to include the chart in her research paper. What should she do?

Setting up a student-teacher conference. (it allows the student to reflect on the impact of their behavior before there are more severe consequences. It also allows the teacher to determine the causes of the behavior)

A student has been acting silly and disrupting class lately. She needs frequent reminders to be on task and it is impacting her academic progress. What is the most appropriate first action in response to these behaviors?

Enrichment (this student would benefit from additional rigor and higher-level challenges)

A student has been completing most work much earlier than other students and making perfect scores on tests and quizzes. During class discussions, the student consistently asks higher-level questions and makes connections between units. Which of the following interventions would be most appropriate for this student?

emotional development (he believes that he is not good at math which has caused him to be reluctant to put forth his best effort. His unwillingness to engage is impacting his math performance and the opportunity to learn new math concepts)

A student in a sixth-grade math class has repeatedly made statements that he is "bad at math." When the teacher provides instruction on a new topic, the student often refuses to attempt the assignment. In this situation, which of the following areas of development is impacting the student's performance in math?

Behavioral contract (it was developed for the stuent and outline rewards and consequences)

A student is having difficulty using appropriate language and regulating emotions. The student frequently argues with the teacher and peers and starts conversations that are not appropriate for class. The teacher works with the student to develop a plan that outlines expected language and behaviors, consequences for inappropriate language and behaviors, and rewards for demonstrating appropriate language and behavior. The plan that is developed is individualized for this student. This strategy is an example of

abuse hotline (it could also be reported to an adminstrator after it has been reported to the authorities)

A student reports that a family member has been touching her inappropriately. The teacher is required by law to report this information to the:

Providing students with appropriately leveled texts (this provides students with the scaffolding they need as they gain vocabulary knowledge)

A teacher can best help English language learners build their reading skills by using which of the following techniques?

Does the classroom layout allow students to easily navigate the room?

A teacher is setting up the classroom at the beginning of the school. The teacher will have two students with physical impairments. Which of the following questions is the most important point for the teacher to consider?

A pictorial diagram using arrows to indicate the series of energy transfers (visual support that helps visual learners make sense of material)

A teacher is teaching a class that all of our food comes from the sun through a series of energy transfers. Which of the following supports would best enhance a visual learner's ability to explain the energy transfers that occur during this process?

Change the upcoming plans to meet the students' needs, but also revisit and revise the unit plan to ensure that all unit objectives will still be taught. (it meets the class's current needs while adjusting future pacing to make sure all objectives are taught)

A teacher used the scope and sequence provided by the district to plan a unit prior to beginning instruction. After reflecting on the first week's progress, the teacher realizes that the students are not ready to move on to the skill she currently has scheduled for the following week. Which of the following best describes how the teacher should move forward in this unit?

site license guidelines (the teacher needs to consult the website and the usage guidelines. It may not be allowed to use this site outside of school)

A teacher wants students to access a password-protected website at home for an assignment. Before giving out login credentials, the teacher should consult the:

password protecting an electronic version of the student's report and sending it via email

A third-grade teacher sends a monthly newsletter and includes a note that students' reading benchmark data reports are now available and will be sent home the following week in students' folders. One of the parents replies and asks if they can be sent an electronic copy instead. What is the best way for the teacher to respond?

Without telling the correct answer, Mr. Obangi should have students discuss their reasoning with one or two neighbors, and which students click in new answers to the question.

After several lessons in Newton's laws, Mr. Obangi presented his class with the first of several difficult questions based on misconceptions about Newton's laws. The students used clickers to register their answers, but only about 75% of the students selected the correct answer. Which of the following is the best follow up for Mr. Obangi?

minimum requirements

All states have _____________________ for attendance that includes home school, private school, and public school.

Ask the student if there is something preventing them from being at school and offer resources to overcome the obstacle (this helps the student learn to identify the problem and resources to solve it)

An at-risk student has had multiple absences and tardies over the past month. What is the most appropriate way to help this student?

she will incorporate that question into a future lesson, and does it by having a lesson comparing the costs and benefits of alternative energy sources. (this is a teachable moment)

As Ms. Harrigan is teaching about alternatives to fossil fuels, a student speaks up complaining that alternative sources are not a good idea because they cost more. Which response would best lead the class through a learning experience related to this objection?

questioning

Asking questions and gathering information describes the ______________ process.

building a sense of community (this shows students that the teacher is interested in them but respects their privacy while building a sense of community as the teacher responds to questions)

At the beginning of the school year, a middle school teacher gives students note cards and asks students to write one thing they would like to share about themselves and one question they have for the teacher. The teacher responds to one question from the note cards at the end of each class period without sharing any of the personal information of the students. Which of the following describes the primary purpose of this activity?

Need remediation

At the end of a lesson, a teacher gives her students an exit ticket. This formative assessment can help to identify students who:

Divide the class into groups and provide enrichment activities for those that demonstrated mastery (this is a great way to engage all students and differentiate for lessons they have already mastered)

Before beginning an instructional unit, a teacher administers a pretest and finds that half of the students have already mastered the learning goals for the new unit. How should the teacher proceed?

no idioms straight-forward language gestures non-verbal cues slow down pause after complete thoughts

How to adjust delivery for ELLS

Creative thinking

Brainstorming, having a debate (looking from a new perspective) is what type of process?

personal interest

By asking Thao about his Winter break, Ms. Martin expresses a _______________________ in the lives of her students. This simple exchange helps create a positive classroom environment because students feel cared for and have someone who listens to them.

industrious; competence

Children who are encouraged and feel confident in their ability to achieve goals feel __________ while those who are discouraged or doubt their abilities feel inferior. Children who succeed in this stage develop ____________.

Typical behavior of child at the given age Typical development of child at the given age

Constructed response: You might be told to "Base your response on principles of human develop" common elements to know:

Backward design and backward planning Flexible grouping

Constructed response: You might be told to "Base your response on principles of planning instruction" Common best practices:

Identify specific assessments that will allow the teacher to gather the needed data try to use at least one example of each

Constructed response: you might be told to "base your response on principles of formal and/or informal assessment." common best practices:

Reasoning and planning

Create a model, demonstrate a method, make up a game (solving problems and making decisions) is what type of process?

Critical thinking

Designing an experiment, determine important part of a world problem, make a flow chart (analysis and judgement) is what type of process?

Discuss the connection between the news report and the lesson. (this is a teachable moment to help students connect the classroom to the real world, which enhances learning.)

During a lesson about cloning, a student interrupts the teacher and mentions a news report about scientist in China working on cloning technology. Which of the following is the most appropriate and immediate response to the interruption?

MID-adolescence (during this time, peer groups often demand conformity to increase similarities among individuals, reduce stress in decision making, and decreases the changes of exclusion from the peer group. Adolescents tend to rely more on peers and less on family during this time of conformity)

During adolescence, peers play an important role in psychosocial development and identity shaping. At which stage of adolescence do individuals tend to rely most on peers and least on family?

Put out a sheet where students can write questions that will be addressed between chats (this allows student to have their needs met throughout class without being disruptive)

During independent work time, a teacher has book chats at the conference table in the room. In order to be available to all students without interrupting the book chat, the teacher should:

unethical because it breaches privacy laws protected under FERPA (academic issues are protected under FERPA)

During lunch, there are four teachers in the lounge eating. One teacher begins discussing a student's academic issues, which she believes are affected by the student's home life. This discussion is considered:

weaken the content or instructional objectives

ELL are not low-achieving students nor do they have special needs. Any accommodation to instruction should not ______________________ as their barrier to learning is not the material, but the language of the classroom.

various ways

ELL students should be given multiple opportunities to demonstrate their knowledge in

linguistically supported

English language learners should not receive different content, they should receive _______ _______ content.

A student punches another student out of frustration (a contract is not appropriate because another student was involved as a victim of violence. This should be escalated and dealt with according to district and campus policy)

For which of the following problems would it be least appropriate to utilize a student-teacher contract as a solution?

She is used to a collectivist culture, where modesty is valued

Haruka is an ELL student from Japan. Mr. Laserna, her English literature teacher, was very impressed by her essay and read a portion to the class, pointing out all the things that she had done well. While he was reading, Haruka became visibly uncomfortable and looked down toward the floor. What could be the reason for this?

identifying areas where the students' perception of group participation does not align with the teacher's observations (this way, the teacher can positively adjust future group activities)

Having students submit individual self-assessments regarding their participation in group projects can be most helpful to the teacher in:

auditory learner (learn better when the subject matter is reinforced by sound)

Henri is an ELL student from France. Henri's teacher has observed that he likes to read out loud to himself and he often repeats what she says in his own voice. He isn't afraid to speak up in class and always performs well on listening tasks. According to these details, Henri's teacher can infer that he is a(n):

listen for a choice about them FORMING instruction answer: The teacher reads through the portoflios weekly before planning the next week's instruction.

How could portfolios be used for the purpose of formative assessment in the classroom? (what would you need to look for when answering the question)

public domain

Images taken from the __________ have no exclusive intellectual property rights, so they can be used freely.

Reserve computers for revisions; facilitate student rotations with a computer station to provide time for all students.

In Mrs. Deaver's fifth-grade classroom, many students seem to enjoy using a word-processing program for writing. However, there are only four computers in the room. How could the teacher best make use of the limited classroom computer access?

the teacher states that there may be MANY good answers. There will not be one SPECIFIC answer, but each group's creative response to the scenario must be grounded in facts as well as evaluated with the rubric by the whole team.

In explaining a group problem-solving task, the teacher should always be sure to motivate and encourage students to be risk takers and use their creative thinking abilities. Which of the following lesson elements would be the most effective in achieving this goal?

Love/belonging (the teacher is attempting to facilitate a greater connection between her students in hopes that an increased sense of belonging will improve their participation in their groups)

In order to support the students who are not participating or interacting with their other group members, the teacher plans a variety of icebreaker activities, games that facilitate teamwork, and low-pressure sharing opportunities. Based on these plans, which level of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs does the teacher believe is not being met for some students in her class?

incorporate activities into the instruction that appeal to the interests and strengths of both male and female students. (find activities that both genders tend to like and can enjoy together)

In planning instructional units with a large group of both male and female students, it is important for the teacher to:

Convey the importance of the information and content being taught, as well as help the students see the content as a coherent whole (so that they are able to see how each concept works together and complements each other).

In summarizing an instructional unit, it is most important for the teacher to:

participating with the class in an ice-breaker game, in which personal interests are revealed (the best way to build a strong relationship is to get to know them on a more personal level.)

In the past, Mr. Garcia felt like he hadn't been able to establish a strong relationship with his students. This year, his goal is to create a positive classroom environment in which he has strong, trusting relationships with each student. Which of the following activities could Mr. Garcia try on the first day of school to best support this goal?

A student is struggling with a concept after whole group instruction. (a student that understands it may be able to explain it in a way that helps the student understand)

In which of the following situations would it be appropriate to use peer tutoring?

Check with the school nurse to see if Joseph has taken his medication (A teacher should NOT ask a child about taking ADD/ADHD medication in front of other students or parents- this would violated FERPA)

Joseph has ADHD. His teacher, Mr. Quinn, is aware of Joseph's diagnosis and knows that Joseph goes to the nurse to take his medication every day after lunch. One afternoon, Joseph is acting out more than usual and fidgeting in his seat. Mr. Quinn suspects that Joseph has forgotten to take his medication. What should Mr. Quinn do?

Curriculum-Based assessment

Measures student progress using materials taken directly from the cirriculum

Plan with team members for unified instruction and use of a rubric concerning what it means to be organized in a classroom. This will provide a rationale for both students and parents on the required supplies and how they will be used. (expectation is important and needs to be reinforced by the reachers to conform to the school/district policy)

Miss Brown knows that being organized is not necessarily one of the attributes of many sixth-grade students. She hopes to help her students become more organized than her past students were. Which of the following would be the best strategy for helping her students plan for organization this coming year?

Show a movie that clearly illustrates the pheomenon of tides (this would be the best option sine most students have never been to the ocean)

Mr. Baker's school is located in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado. Most of his students have never been to the ocean, nor have they experienced tides. Still, he is supposed to teach his students about tides. In this situation, which of the following activities is likely to be the most helpful when starting the unit on tides?

Do my questions ask for factual information that does not require the use of higher-order thinking? (the teacher must FIRST conclude that the issue does not originate with instruction. If the teacher does not ask questions that require the use of higher-order thinking skills, then the teacher cannot expect the students to demonstrate higher-order thinking skills in response)

Mr. Brown's economics students often reply to his questions with short answers that do not demonstrate higher-order thinking skills. In evaluating the students' responses, which of the following questions should Mr. Brown first ask himself?

Sandra is a visual learner (visual learners like to see and observe things, including pictures, diagrams, written directions and more)

Mr. Franco has noticed that Sandra, an ELL student in his class, is always doing something with her pen, whether doodling, making a list or taking notes. From this information, Mr. Franco might infer that:

Yes, if they are high-intermediate students and understand the concept at a minimal level (reteaching is recommended when a student doesn't understand a concept at grade level or if a high-intermediate student only understands a concept at a minimal level)

Mr. Frango is teaching his ELL students how to write persuasive essays, but they are still struggling to correctly use subordinate conjunctions to express their ideas. Is it necessary for him to reteach his students?

The stock market page from the local newspaper

Mrs. Love is a seventh-grade mathematics teacher. Her students continue to ask how the material on determining slope will apply to their lives outside of school. Of the following, what would be the most effective resource to teach about the practical uses of mathematics outside the classroom?

He maximizes class time and incorporates the expertise of fellow educators in classroom instruction.

Mr. Herrera takes his English class to the library to begin research on the recently-assigned research project. He has sixteen students and divides them into two groups. He takes one group to the computer section of the library to teach them researching techniques using the Internet; the librarian takes the other group to the periodical section to learn how to research using periodicals. After a brief lesson, the groups will switch to learn the other method of research. What is the greatest benefit in dividing the class into two groups?

Teach the class a short song that has the key components of the pythagorean theorem.

Mr. Ivin's algebra class is learning the pythagorean theorem. He has two students that are auditory learners and are struggling with the concept. What activity would best help them learn the theorem?

have students write and perform a play to act our the process of a caterpillar changing to a butterfly (a play allows the students to learn by acting out, which benefits kinesthetic learners)

Mr. Jeffords would like to show his students that all living things grow and develop and that metamorphosis is a process some animals go through as they grow and develop. He knows that he has several kinesthetic learners in his class. Which of the following activities would best address the needs of these students?

Greeting each student as they enter the classroom. (it allows him to make one-on-one contact with his students)

Mr. Jolly wants to create a positive climate for his classroom. Which of the following actions would best promote a positive classroom climate?

the scope and sequence (guiding).

Mr. Mahoney teaches science in a public school and is working over the summer to plan experiments for the upcoming school year. What guiding document from the school or district will he need before beginning his planning process?

Explain the many ways in which people in America use the metric system. (relating current learning to the real world is always a good idea. information should be shown as relevant)

Mr. Muldoon is teaching about converting between metric and English units. One of his students refuses to engage in the activity and states "I am never leaving America so I don't need to learn this." How should he respond?

Create classroom rules during a group discussion with students, where they can provide their input and opinions for behavioral consequences (gives students ownership and they will be more likely to hold themselves and their classmates accountable to the behavioral standards)

Mr. Oden would like to develop a set of classroom behavior standards to create a positive environment. Which of the following strategies would be the best way for Mr. Oden to accomplish this goal?

it creates an incentive for students to behave to meet the approval of their peers

Mr. Ray's seventh-grade class continually disrupts instruction and is proving difficult to manage. Mr. Ray decides to create a system where each disciplinary infraction results in the class earning a checkmark. If, at the end of the week, the class has below a certain number of checkmarks, they receive a class-wide reward. This classroom management strategy is likely to be a success because:

create a clear, overarching outline to identify skills, themes, or concepts that overlap between subject areas.

The seventh-grade teachers at Malcolm Middle School have a collaborative meeting each summer to discuss how best to implement the interdisciplinary units for the upcoming school year. The first step the teachers should take in planning the units should be to:

The teacher should contact the campus administrator about the situation, as well as Child Protected Services. (this is the legally-required route)

Mr. Smith notices that one of his students, Andrew, is having trouble sitting down and constantly shifts his weight during class. He asks Andrew if something is wrong and he replies that his thigh is bruised because his father hit him, but he asks Mr. Smith not to tell anyone because he is embarrassed. Mr. Smith suspects the student might be abused. Which of the following is the best response to the suspicion?

use multiple assessment formats (oral, written, and performance) to allow the students multiple opportunities to show their knowledge. (this is beneficial because some students may not perform well in a certain assessment, but they could better demonstrate their knowledge using other assessments)

Mr. Smith wants to assess his English language learner students accurately. To best ensure an accurate assessment, Mr. Smith should:

Flexibility and the ability to adjust a lesson that is not working as intended. (it allows him to have more concrete steps for the students to process through before turning in the paper)

Mr. Valdez planned a revision lesson where he shows the class before and after examples of the rough and final draft of an essay. He then provides class time for students to begin revising their work, but many students are emphatic that their essay is done and want to turn it in as is. Mr. Valdez backs up and models the process of revision, and writes a list on the board, specifying what to look for as they revise. What does Mr. Valdez demonstrate in this scenario?

Accommodation and enrichment (adapting materials or instructions to meet the level of a student who needs additional support.)

Mr. Whitlock provides texts at varying reading levels depending on a student's needs, but he does not change the objective of the lesson for each student. This is an example of which effective teaching practice?

Consider which topics and skills could be taught after the rough draft is completed, to then be used during the revision process to improve the essay.

Mr. Williams is planning a research unit. He remembers feeling disappointed in the revision step of the writing portion the previous year. The first draft was due just a few days before the final draft, and very little revision was actually completed by the students. This year, he wants to prioritize completing a rough draft of the essay early enough to provide plenty of opportunity for revision. Which of the following would be the most logical way to achieve this goal?

Creating a rubric for the final project that corresponds to the state standards. (this would ensure that all the state expectations are being considered when planning the lead-up activities)

Mr. Williams is using backward design to plan the research unit. Which of the following would be the most logical first step in this planning process?

Have students perform a fitness test and review how the skeletomuscular system helps them peform each task in the test. (it helps students draw connections to their daily lives because they will see how the skeletomuscular system affects their ability to perform tasks they do on a daily basis.)

Mrs. Hurd is teaching a unit on the skeletomuscular system to a class that consists mostly of athletes and students who enjoy being active. Which of the following activities would most help them draw connections between the course material and their daily lives?

It helps students reflect on new concepts and evaluate their ideas on what they are reading. (helps students process their thoughts on the literature)

Mrs. Kirsten is an eighth-grade language arts teacher at McNabb Middle School. Each day at the end of class, she has students spend ten minutes journaling about their views of the characters and situations of the current book they are reading. Which of the following describes the greatest benefit of journal writing for students?

Take the cell phone to the administrator's office to be picked up (do not look through it)

Mrs. Leon finds a cell phone that she believes belongs to one of her students, Jeremy. Just last week, Jeremy's phone was taken away in class after he had texted a classmate and disrupted the class. Mrs. Leon suspects that Jeremy's message might have been an inappropriate comment about her. What should Mrs. Leon do?

Tell the other teacher that it is inappropriate for her to discuss any student's performance or behavior outside of school and they should determine a time during school to discuss options to solve the issue. (it ends the conversation immediately and allows for future resolution)

Mrs. McDowell meets another teacher in the supermarket one day after school. The teacher begins to discuss a situation at school involving two students and which student is to blame for the incident. What is the most appropriate response by Mrs. McDowell?

Discuss the concerns with Julio's parent. (this is the first step to take, as the parent must give permission prior to an evaluation)

Mrs. Pontian is concerned about Julio because his fine motor skills seem to be lacking compared to the other students in her class. He struggles with using scissors and holds a pencil with an odd grip. What should be her first step in addressing this issue?

Differentiate instruction, offering both remediation and enrichment.

Mrs. Smithers has just completed a beginning-of-the-year assessment of her student's reading fluency skills. The results revealed that she has students with reading skills ranging from significantly below grade-level to above grade-level. To accommodate these different skill levels, Mrs. Smithers should:

Meet with the social studies and science teachers to see if there is any content she could support with her nonfiction instruction.

Mrs. Smithers teaches language arts and is beginning a nonfiction unit. Which of the following should she consider when planning this unit, in order to link instruction with other content areas?

Have students look for a chemical or physical change they see after they leave school, and then tell the class about it the next day. (examples from their own lives will motivate and help them apply the idea outside of school)

Ms. Babu feels her class has a good understanding of the definitions and theories associated with physical and chemical changes, but she wants them to apply the concepts. Which homework assignment would best help students connect the concepts to their everyday lives?

take more class time than doing things in a familiar way (its beneficial to repeat the same activities enough times so that teachers don't waste time explaining, modeling, practicing, and reinforcing expectations. If an activity is engaging, students won't mind doing it routinely)

Ms. Drucker is a very creative teacher. She is always coming up with ideas for new ways to teach concepts and new activities to try with her English Language Arts students. She has a new activity planned for students almost every day. A potential problem with this approach is that introducing new activities:

continue the discussion by asking students what they have learned about the industrial revolution in their history class. (displaying flexibility by adjusting the discussion to incorporate the connection that the students have made. This is an excellent opportunity for cross-curricular study)

Ms. Engles' students are reading a novel in English language arts class. While discussing characterization after reading a chapter in the novel, one of the students notes that the novel is set during the same time period of the Industrial Revolution, which students are currently studying in history class. What is the best way for Ms. Engles to respond?

Differentiation. Offering students different methods to acquire and show mastery of subject area content is an effective method for reaching a broad range of learning styles.

Ms. Flannigan surveyed her students on their preferred method of learning. After seeing the wide range of response, she offered students the choice of creating a presentation, taking a written test, or writing an essay for the unit assessment. This is an example of which of the following?

adjust instruction to meet each child where they are, differentiating for their different learning styles

Ms. Frank's first period is made up of students with a range of abilities, some testing below grade level and some testing above grade level. What would be the best approach to use when planning lessons for this class?

to provide instruction to a minority of students who have not demonstrated mastery of a specific content objective. (Intervention groups allow teachers to create a group based on ability.)

Ms. Johnson has implemented small, homogeneous, intervention groups in her class to provide instruction to students who have similar needs. This allows Ms. Johnson to invite individual students to join the group to work on a specific set of skills. Which of the following would be the best use of these intervention groups by Ms. Johnson?

"Shall we find out why the stars have colors?" (this can be the beginning of an investigation about temperature and the color of starlight. This is the best response to the teaching moment)

Ms. Jolly projects a picture of the night sky from NASA for her students. One student, Pam, exclaims "The stars are colored!" Which of the following is the best response for Ms. Jolly to make if she is to use Pam's outburst as a teaching moment?

positive

Notes of encouragement are an effective way to promote a ____________ environment, in which students feel a sense of belonging and feel comfortable taking risks.

Demonstrate the most efficient ways to search for topics, identifying the best words to use and how punctuation can influence search results (this will yield more effective search results in a shorter amount of time)

Of the following, which would be most beneficial to students using the Internet for research purposes?

will know the topic of class and what they are to learn about it (this can help keep students on track and teach self-motivation)

One advantage of posting the learning objectives for the day on the board is that students:

Progress monitoring

Periodic assessments given to keep track of student growth

maximize classroom instruction

Providing students with a task to complete as soon as they enter the classroom is an efficient way for teachers to ____________________ time. Students should have a routine for coming into the classroom, so they do not waste time wondering what to do while the teacher sets up for the lesson or completes administrative tasks.

Memory/Recall

Recite a poem, make a timeline, list main evens (providing facts from given information) is what type of process?

linguistically

Relating to words or language

having students answer questions on mini wipe boards to check for understanding (student must stay engaged to answer the questions, but there is not a grade associated with the answer given. This can promote participation, since students know that they will not be penalized for incorrect answers)

Research shows that de-emphasizing grades can increase student motivation, participation, and confidence. Which of the following best demonstrates this practice?

developing students' ability to understand the legitimacy of alternate perspectives.

Students are assigned to write one paragraph on the advantages of socialism and one paragraph on the disadvantages of socialism. Which of the following is most likely to be the most beneficial aspect of this assignment?

positive and extrinsic. It is positive in nature as there is a reward for completion and it is extrinsic because the motivator is another person: the teacher!

Teacher: If you complete the bonus questions, you can receive extra credit. This statement is both

negligent behavior

Teachers are not at fault in all cases of student injury during a school event. Fault is found based on

seeing growth in all students

Teachers should adapt instructions and materials to accommodate students at different levels with the goal in mind of

as an introduction to the unit (an exciting, personal, real story motivates students interests in an upcoming lesson)

The Dalton School District has access to a short exciting, personal, eye-witness story about a tornado that struck across their state and killed 36 people. The author describes how she felt during the approach, destruction, and aftermath of the tornado. Of the following choices, which is the best place in the lesson plan for the science teacher to read the story to the class?

"fair use exemption" (follow copyright requirements for the use of published materials)

The ___________________ allows some copyrighted materials to be used for educational purposes. It is important for the teacher to have an understanding of this policy in order to determine whether or not the materials can be used.

Maslow (hierarchy of needs shows how emotional needs develop)

The basic needs of a human, such as hunger and thirst, must be met before a person can move onto more complex needs such as safety, belonging, and self-confidence. These ideas are the work of which theorist?

carry over to each state

The certification process varies by state, and does not

Identity vs Role Confusion (ages 12-18 years). The description identifies what a person would typically be experiencing during this stage.

The following descriptions are identified as which of the eight life stages? -Developing sexual identity and self-discovery -Identity crisis might occur during this transition into adulthood -Confusion about the age-appropriateness of some activities -Potential crisis because of expectations from peers and parental figures

Students can view how their writing has improved over time

The greatest benefit to the portfolios is that:

If they cannot reach an agreement with the school or school district, they are guaranteed due process to resolve the dispute

The parents of a student with disabilities have complained that their student is not getting the services they need. Which of the following statements accurately describes the rights of students and parents in a dispute with the school?

-connect previous learning to current concepts -to maintain a continuous record of personal knowledge -to allow students to evaluate their individual learning style

The purpose of a learning log is:

knowledge in how to better engage students

The purpose of the collaboration of various teaching strategies is to gain

Interdisciplinary

This unit draws on four subject areas: math, science, social studies, and English/language arts. Because students are making connections between multiple subjects, the unit is referred to as ________________. On the assignment sheet, Mr. Milby has clearly set an academic goal for each subject students will be focusing on to complete their learning activities.

-ALL relevant parts of the case study -ALL parts of the question are adressed -Evidence-supported explanation -Demonstrates knowledge of the best teaching practices

To get all of your points for the response you should have:

Questining

Troubleshoot an issue, design a questionnaire (asking questions to gather information) is what type of process?

wants to please others thrive on friendships recognize different types of relationships

What are Elementary social milestones?

-Understand embarrassment -Show empathy -Begin developing their own identity

What are elementary emotional milestones?

classroom-specific homework assignments and due dates (this is public information which can be shared through a public medium)

What can be communicated through an open forum where all students, parents, and teachers can view the information?

It sets an example for problem-solving strategies that the student can use in multiple situations (having students think through problems and their causes allows the students to develop problem-solving strategies. These strategies can apply to multiple situations)

What is the primary benefit of a teacher working with a student to think about the step-by-step causes of a problem and the possible solutions?

gives a high level view of information and skills that students are expected to learn over the course of the year in a reasonable and useful order.

What is the purpose of a scope and sequence document?

allow each student to use the medium that best suits their learning style

When instructing students to look through primary and secondary sources, the most important reason for offering as wide a variety of research media as possible is to:

norm-= ranked or compared to each other answer: to identify the potential need for academic support (see who needs support)

When might a teacher use a norm-referenced assessment?

Printed notes to highlight (this allows the student to participate while focusing on the spoken language)

Which accommodation is most appropriate for a beginner ELL student when a teacher plans to give information through a lecture with skeleton notes?

encouraging students to use kind words and praise their peers' effort when trying new or difficult tasks (this will appeal to students' need for peer approval since they will be reminded of the class expectation to speak kindly. focus on efforts rather than performance will help all peers to feel a sense of accomplishment for trying their best)

Which of the following activities could be implemented in an elementary school classroom to appeal to students' need for peer approval?

assigning each student an organelle and acting out a play about them (kinesthetic learners learn by doing)

Which of the following activities for studying cell organelles would best serve a kinesthetic learner?

Ask students to write a song or rap about different social systems and make a music video to go along with it (auditory learners learn best by using music and rhythm)

Which of the following activities would be most suitable for an auditory learner during a unit on animal behavior?

(remember, formative= FORMING instruction) Exit slips are formative assessments to check for understanding.

Which of the following assessments is formative?

Closure activities help the teacher to reinforce key concepts from the lesson and identify any gaps. (the teacher can review student responses to determine if any review is needed at the beginning of the next class)

Which of the following best describes the benefits of ending each class period with a closure activity turned in as students leave the room?

To ensure that the teaching of instructional concepts and goals progress logically.

Which of the following best describes the purpose of a scope and sequence?

1) ensure logial sequencing by first considering the learning GOAL of a UNIT as a whole 2) Then, plan lessons to match specific learning objectives that will culminate in the identified learning goal.

Which of the following describes the most effective approach to planning units of instruction?

ask the student to color a picture of the DNA molecule and RNA molecule. Ask the student to highlight the differences.

Which of the following interventions would be most beneficial for a visual learner who is struggling to differentiate between DNA and RNA?

standards and curriculum. (interactions with parents, teaching style, and classroom manangement can be influenced by the students cultural background)

Which of the following is a factor in students from diverse cultural backgrounds' education that is not influenced by a teacher's own cultural values, beliefs, and attitudes?

Science practices and interdisciplinary connections cut across the sometimes artificial boundaries of subject specific science classes. These practices and connections will be useful in future studies and careers?

Which of the following is the best reason a teacher should mindfully include science practices and interdisciplinary connections when planning a science lesson?

Students will be able to explain how various cultures have contributed to the development of mathematics throughout history. (this learning goal covers the entire scope of all the cultures who have developed math)

Which of the following learning goals is most appropriate when teaching an eighth-grade class about cultural contributions to mathematics?

Real-world applications for the unit's concepts will help them internalize the learning goals and increase student motivation.

Which of the following should be discussed with students on the first day of starting a new unit?

analyzing the checks and balances system in the three branches of government (ANALYSIS requires higher-level thinking)

Which of the following social studies activities would require higher-order thinking skills?

In addition to developing their recycling plan recommendations, the teacher asks the students to analyze the trash problem and present possible student-involvement solutions. The group then must write a letter to the school's administrators, outlining how this solution could be implemented.

While an eighth-grade team researches the campus recycling practices for an interdisciplinary project, the students notice that a great deal of trash can be seen in various spots around campus. Which of the following is the best example of the teacher using this teachable moment to support eighth-grade curriculum?

Create a greater awareness in the school community to help achieve important student goals.

Wilmer Middle School has invited more parent volunteers to help the classroom teachers. By increasing the number of parent volunteers present in the school's classrooms, the school is most likely to achieve which of the following?

CAPTA (child abuse prevention and treatment act)

_______ states that teachers are mandated reporters and must notify local authorities of possible cases of abuse or neglect.

acceptable use policy

__________ pertains to using school technology in an appropriate manner.

short-term memory

___________ memory is used within a few minutes of the event happening.

family and peers

_____________ and _____ are the most influential groups on a child's development.

Non-interventionists (non involving)

_________________ assume people are naturally striving to be good and they want to improve, and thus the teacher does not need to intervene regarding behavior issues. _________________ believe that adults need to allow children as much room as needed so they can grow and improve naturally on their own.

Portfolio

a collection of student work to show growth over time

individual personality

a fussy temperament, developmental delay, learning disability, or a serious health issue are ___________ __________ risk factors that can affect a child's psychosocial development.

exit slip

a short response completed and submitted at the end of a lesson.

social interaction

a strong foundation in _______________ will help a person have greater success in new experiences as they grow.

physical activities

a tactile, or kinesthetic learner learns best through

argumentative reasoning

a well-crafted, convincing argument requires higher levels of thinking and requires students to use ____________ _________ to write a persuasive letter

come to conclusions on their own and clear up their own misconceptions.

asking leading questions helps students to

cited appropriately

based on fair use guidelines, students can generally use copyrighted images in their classroom projects as long as they are

Criterion-Referenced Assessment ex: state tests, unit tests

compare student performance to a predetermined standard (which is a criteria) Scores come in the form of a percentage.

Norm-Referenced Assessment ex: SAT or IQ tests

compare students to each OTHER rank them according to performance these scores come in the form of a percentile, grade-level equivalency

values, ethics, and relationships than the american culture.

english language learners native culture might place different emphasis on

Quantitative= used more regularly (standardized tests or multiple choice quizzes) Qualitative= measure attitudes and are less common (surveys or reflections)

explain quantitative vs qualitative assessment

(the word "punishment" will not be a correct answer) -Have a conference with the student. The goal is to identify the root of the behavior - Have a behavior contract - Involve the parents

how to improve student behavior

word walls vocabulary lists pictures gestures props

how to provide visuals for ELLS

pre-teach key terms reference materials word banks dictionaries glossaries

how to provide vocabulary support for ELLS

creative commons license

images published under a ____________ can be used by the public, as they have been granted permission by the creater.

collectivist cultures

many Asian countries have ______________ cultures, which value the group over the individual. Singling out an individuals achievement can be seen as a negative in collectivist groups because of its implicit slighting of others' abilities.

Positive reinforcement

presenting a stimulus in reaction to a behavior to increase the likelihood of that behavior (a student answers a question and the teacher gives him a compliment)

instructional flexibility

relates to adjusting teacher plans based on student needs.

negative punishment

removing a stimulus in reaction to a behavior to decrease the likelihood of the behavior (removing phone privlidge from a student for using it to play games during instructional time)

Negative reinforcement

removing a stimulus in reaction to a behavior to increase the likelihood of a behavior (ex: teacher allows students to talk to each other if they all earn A's on a quiz. the teacher is REMOVING silence in response to a behavior to increase the likelihood of the behavior)

accuracy and confidentiality

rules concerning records can vary by state, but ______ and ____ are universal

Performance-based assessment

students apply knowledge or skills to compare a process or create a product. Typically scored using a rubric or a checklist.

exploring content

students are __________ in a variety of ways through review, direct instruction, partner work, and evaluation of skills.

social

students who learn appropriate __________ skills tend to have great academic success and graduate from college at a higher rate.

Collaborative learning projects among groups (when desks are in groups, it makes collaboration easier, because all the students in the group can see and communicate with each other)

students' desks organized into four rows of five where each student faces the whiteboard of the classroom. what would be the least suited for this teacher organizing the classroom this way?

sentence stems

teachers can provide scaffolds such as ________ to help ELL students with writing or speaking

thesis statement (one sentence that summarizes the main point or claim of the essay)

the first paragraph should include a

48 hours or the teacher can be held legally responsible for physical harm against the student. If any teacher suspects child abuse, they are required by law to report it to their campus adminstrator and to Child Protective Services.

the law requires that abuse signs be reported within

Wait time

the period of silence after a question is asked and after a student is called on to answer

student's right to privacy of their grades

the teacher should not address a student's grades in front of other students. This is illegal and violates the

Diagnostic/ Pre-assessment

used to identify students SPECIFIC strengths and weaknesses

allowed

using parts of various websites for instructional purposes is ______ under fair use guidelines

inability to control self few to no friendships

what are Elementary concerns?

-Inability to control self -few to no friendships

what are elementary emotional concerns?

-Growth slows -Proportions become less child-like and more adult-like -Males and females have similar body shapes and proportions -Fine and gross motor skills become more refined

what are elementary school growth characteristics?

-Adolescent growth spurt leads to a significant increase in height and weight -Students go through puberty, the physical process of sexual maturation -Onset of growth spurt and puberty occurs earlier for females than males

what are secondary school characteristics?

withdrawl of significant change in personality

what are secondary school concerns?

-Withdrawl or significant change in personality

what are secondary school emotional concerns?

-developing a sense of self -show a wide range of emotions -proud of success

what are secondary school emotional milestones?

Reject other's opinions Recognize bullying Openly share emotions

what are secondary school social milestones?

Congruence

when learning objectives align with the assessment.

Students will compare and contrast haikus and cinquain poems using a Venn diagram. (this objective is measurable and observable because it specifically states what a student will be able to do (compare and contrast) and how they will do it (by completing a Venn diagram))

which objective is observable and measurable? -Students will understand the theme of a free verse poem written by a rapper. -Students will identify the influence of Shakespeare's sonnets on theater. -Students will compare and contrast haikus and cinquain poems using a Venn diagram. -Students will be able to recognize the role of poetry in the history of literature.

I have a clear introduction paragraph and my thesis statement is the last sentence in my introduction. My thesis directly responds to the prompt. Each of my body paragraphs includes a main idea which supports my thesis and relevant details. I addressed my audience with formal, standardized English. I wrote from a consistent point of view throughout my paper. My essay has a strong conclusion. I used correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation. I replaced repeated words with synonyms.

writing checklist:

intrinsic motivation

these are examples of what: -"Remind your students that they are capable of doing the assignments. Sometimes they need to be reminded that they can do it" -"learn more about student interests and add those interests into the lessons" -"Allow your students to have more freedom in choosing their research topics"

The concept map helps students make connections between unfamiliar topics (it helps students to organize their thoughts and visually make connections)

A middle school science teacher asks students to complete a concept map whenever they are reading about a new topic in the textbook. Which of the following describes the primary reason for providing students with a concept map?

the learning objective only says that the students will learn about the differences. It doesn't contain a measureable outcome. The objective should be revised to state that "students will differentiate between similies and metaphores"

A language arts teacher writes the following learning objective for the day's lesson: The students will learn about the differences between similes and metaphors. How should this teacher revise the learning objective?

Before beginning independent work time, teachers remind students that they may ask for help by raising their hands or flipping a card on their desks from red to green to indicate that they are stuck (in middle school, students may be reluctant to ask for help due to social pressure from peers or being unsure of how to articulate when they need assistance)

A group of seventh-grade teachers at a middle school are discussing the need to help their students to increase self-advocacy skills. The teachers have noticed that while working on independent assignments in class, students who are struggling often shut down and stop working until teachers come to assist individual students. Which of the following strategies would be most effective in building self-advocacy skills?

Providing interdisciplinary instruction (biology, math, and ELA)

A history teacher is planning a unit on The Great Depression. The teacher is developing the following activities for this unit: an analysis of common illnesses and how they impacted the population in the absence of certain vaccines, a review of typical wages and a budgeting activity for a fictional family of six during this time period, and a reflection of themes exhibited in a poem written during the time period. Which of the following strategies is the teacher using based on these activities?

Describe the impact of sequencing the human genome and how this discovery continues to impact modern science. (this is the best because it requires students to analyze, synthesize, and draw conclusions)

A middle school science teacher regularly holds class discussions, and the teacher is incorporating more higher-order thinking questions to promote students' critical thinking skills. Which of the following questions is the best question for the teacher to include in a class discussion about genetics?

Incorporate more discussion questions into the activity. The student's level of engagement indicates that the activity was well received, so the teacher should capitalize on students' interests and use this as an opportunity to extend the activity and help students to make connections.

A middle school teacher planned a lesson that went quicker than anticipated. After the lesson finished, students were eager to continue the discussion and learn more. How could the teacher modify this lesson with the next class?

open-ended question

A question that has no prelisted answers, which requires the respondent to answer is his or her own words.

Writing a short story about the typical day of a white blood cell from the perspective of a white blood cell cell (this is at the synthesis level, which is he second highest level of Bloom's taxonomy)

A science class has just completed an instructional unit about the immune system and how it fights off infection and disease. Which of the following student activities would demonstrate the highest level of critical thinking?

Ask the students questions about their lab to encourage critical thinking to correct the misconception (this action encourages students to self-identify their misconception and correct it using critical-thinking skills)

A science class is working on a laboratory activity. Their teacher is monitoring progress throughout the activity and notices that the two students' lab report shows that they have a misconception about the topic. Which would be the most effective action for the teacher to take?

visual, kinesthetic, auditory

A science teacher uses labs to reinforce concepts taught in class. Students must read the lab as they participate, then turn in a written conclusion that has at least one illustration and one graph. Then, they will receive points for a class discussion about data at the end. What type of learner is the teacher targeting?

extrinsic motivation (comes from an external source, such as a grade given by a teacher)

A seventh-grade student completes all of the homework assignments during a unit and studies for the test. She makes an A on the test. Reflecting on her grade earned, she decides to continue this work pattern for the next unit. What type of reward system is at play?

By helping him understand and be able to monitor his progress in implementing the new organizational strategies (the teacher can monitor the student's improvement and offer suggestions as the student matures in his organizational skills)

A student asks his teacher to help him become better organized. After discussing the situation with the student and offering strategies to improve the student's organization, the teacher offers to meet with him once a week for a few weeks. This is most likely to benefit the student in which way?

Extrinsic motivation (because the student is motivated by an external reward (extra credit))

A student completes an extra credit assignment in order to earn a higher grade is an example of what?

self-chosen, differentiated for their learning level, and contains a presentation component.

A student is more likely to complete quality work if it is

Student needs, interests, and abilities (these should drive lesson plans, along with the state standards. These will make the material interesting and help students retain the information)

A teacher has identified the state standards associated with a unit of study. Of the following, what is the most important consideration to make as she now plans activities for the unit?

Reading, identifying, and highlighting information in articles that contain pertinent information to the subject being researched. (this is the best answer because it allows students to differentiate relevant and irrelevant information in an entire article, not just a section)

A teacher has introduced a research project. One resource the teacher will require the students to use is a website. Which of the following activities would best help students differentiate between relevant and irrelevant information?

learning objectives

A teacher uses backward design when planning to ensure that she teaches all necessary components of a concept. Which of the following should the teacher create first when using this approach to lesson planning?

work with students to create questions to help guide their exploration during the unit (by working with the students, the teacher is able to incorporate their interests into the learning activities to engage the students)

A teacher wants to ensure the upcoming instructional unit she has planned will be meaningful and engaging for the students. Which of the following strategies would be most effective in achieving this goal?

This practice makes the content concrete and relevant to student's lives (making history relevant to students will increase engagement)

A teacher wants to improve student interest in social studies. During the next unit, which is historical, the teacher plans to read personal narratives about key people that describes parts of their childhood and personal triumphs while achieving success. How does this practice increase student engagement?

decide how to measure student success and create assessments

After determining the unit learning goal and the learning objectives that support the goal, what is the next step for a teacher implementing a backward design in the lesson planning process?

promotes the students' use of higher-order thinking skills in their writing. (students develop their higher order thinking skills and the process of analyzing and synthesizing information are two of the best ways to promote this among students)

An English class has recently finished reading a chapter of Ender's Game. Mrs. Weyenberg assigns the class an essay in which the students must respond to the story by analyzing the conflict between the main character, Ender, and a fellow character. She asks the students to explain the conflict, write about each character's emotions towards the other character, and tell how the situation could have been resolved without the use of violence. The teacher's assignment of this prompt best:

Students were not responding to other students' comments but rather repeating their own. If students are not responding to other comments, there is a strong indication that they are not actively listening to the other comments in the discussion, or are more concerned about being heard than understanding differing viewpoints.

An English teacher is assessing the effectiveness of a class discussion on a recent reading topic. Of the following features, which should be cause for the most concern?

The student uses a self-monitoring chart that lists steps to take to record homework and organize materials before leaving the classroom (using a checklist will help the student to organize the materials independently. using the same checklist for each class will reinforce this skill)

An eighth-grade student is having difficulty writing down homework and staying organized when gathering materials to transition to the next class period. Which of the following strategies would be most effective in helping the student to become better organized and implement these strategies when preparing to transition between classes?

physiological needs (if students are not hungry, they will be more able to focus in class and this may mitigate negative behaviors)

An elementary school teacher allows students to bring a morning snack to eat during break time and has extra snacks available for students who cannot bring their own. This applies to which of the following levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

ownership of their work.

Because Ms. Wright does not correct the student errors, students are left with the responsibility to correct the errors and improve their work. This responsibility, combined with the fact that the students have chosen their own topics to research, gives the students a sense of

bitterness toward the teacher.

By confronting the students as a group and demanding an explanation, the teacher places the students in a defensive position. This will encourage students to disengage from the conversation because they feel they are being attacked or judged by the teacher unfairly. These emotions will likely result in

ownership

Providing calendars and giving students the responsibility of setting a timetable within the project will encourage time-management skills and give students more ___________ over their learning.

close-ended questions

Questions that can be answered in short or single word responses.

A system will help him learn how to monitor his own progress and performance more effectively.

Conner is a sixth-grade student who consistently forgets to bring his homework and the necessary school supplies (paper, notebook, pen or pencil) to his classes. Repeated reminders and grade penalties have not changed his organizational skills, but he readily admits that he needs to get organized. His language arts teacher meets with him to develop a system and checklist for keeping track of his assignments. She has him report to her, at first daily and then weekly. What is the best reason that this plan would likely help Conner?

It focuses the class on a single topic of debate while providing a framework for response (students attention needs to be focused on a specific issue. The teacher facilitates the debate by focusing the attention of the class on a student's statement about a real-world problem)

During a heated debate in Mr. Martinez's government class, a student declares that the problem with government spending is that the Congress spends so much money on themselves that they become unaware of the value of a dollar. Mr. Martinez then addresses the class in a calm voice saying, "It has been suggested that the incentives of Congress voting themselves pay raises and benefits results in a problem of fiscal irresponsibility of the government. Who agrees or disagrees with this statement?" Mr. Martinez's rephrasing of the student's declaration is most helpful because:

Have students research their own ideas and the ideas of other students to gather evidence and evaluate the situation objectively (having students research their own viewpoints and the viewpoints of others promotes their ability to research, formulate arguments, and consider other viewpoints)

During a science lesson on climate change, the students begin debating the merits of man-made climate change. The class becomes divided, with each group saying the other group's science is flawed. Which of the following would be the best approach to develop the students' long-term learning skills?

The students' learning is reinforce, and teachers receive information on student learning. (it reinforces learning by having students actively consider what was taught. In this manner, teachers can also assess student learning)

During the units and most of the lessons, a teacher provides students the time to reflect on and assess what they have learned. What is the best reason for this instructional strategy?

Trust vs Mistrust (which begins at birth and typically ends when a child is 18 months old)

Erik Erikson's infancy to birth stage is referred to as what?

Initiative Vs. Guilt (ages 3-5) The description identifies what a person would typically be experiencing during the Initiative vs. Guilt life stage.

Erikson's theory states that people must pass through eight life stages in order to fulfill their own potential. Failure to complete any phase will hinder their ability to continue growth with success. The following descriptions are identified as which of the eight life stages? Learns to explore and do things independently Learns new concepts in school and practices in real life If unable to complete learned tasks independently, they may feel a sense of guilt

-Accomplishing unsuccessful stages later in life -A decrease in the ability to accomplish other stages (which may result in a poor sense of self)

Failure to accomplish a stage of Erikson's stages of psychosocial development can result in which of the following?

higher order thinking

Group work is a great way to stimulate

breaking tasks into smaller steps and providing immediate feedback (providing immediate feedback can be motivating and encouraging for students. By breaking tasks into smaller steps, more feedback can be given)

Jackson is a student who has displayed higher-than-average intelligence and a desire to succeed; however, his classroom performance and participation do not reflect this. Which of the following would be most effective for encouraging Jackson?

"There is no single correct answer to this problem, and every group could have a different correct answer" (students are made aware that the teacher does not expect a single correct answer, and they are more likely to take a risk with the understanding that their answer will not automatically chastised for being incorrect. This is a positive way to encourage student involvement)

Mr. Cates notices that his students are timid during group problem-solving activities. He wants to encourage his students to take more risks and demonstrate more creativity. Which of the following statements could he use that would best encourage this?

He should ask the students leading questions to get them thinking about how earthworms breathe, which stimulates they are responding to, and why they need an environment with more moisture

Mr. Geller's students are studying earthworm responses to soil moisture content. They set up an experiment where they place earthworms in the middle of a pan of soil, with half the soil moistened and half dry. Mr. Geller hears some of his students discussing how the earthworms must be heading toward the wetter soil because they are thirsty. What should Mr. Geller's response be in order to support critical thinking?

Provide the student a brief promt to help them remember the correct answer. (frequently, students need a hint to provide the correct answer. This allows the student to demonstrate their knowledge without feeling embarrassed)

Mr. Graham is introducing a lesson about the US Constitution to his students. He periodically calls upon students to assess their knowledge as he lectures. When a student cannot answer a question after an appropriate amount of time, what strategy should Mr. Graham use to best support the student's learning?

Have the students pair up, ask the question, let students discuss the answer with their partner, then ask the question again of the entire class. (students may hesitate to answer due to shyness or fear that they are wrong. Allowing students to discuss the answer in pairs will give them confidence to answer publically)

Mr. Gwynn finds that only one or two students answer when he asks the class questions about the effects of land on climate. Which of the following is the best technique for getting more students to respond?

Use word to type a letter to an elected official about a student-chosen need in the community. Print and send the letters. (it allows the student to write about a need in their community; it is the most meaningful and authentic of all the choices)

Mr. Harris wants to create a writing assignment that allows students to write with an authentic and meaningful purpose. Which one of the following assignments would best accomplish Mr. Harris' goal?

has an increasing need for autonomy. (a simple way to give students a sense of autonomy is to provide them with activities in which they can make choices about the topics they will learn or how they will learn)

Mr. Johnson always designs his lessons with some flexibility. He likes to give his students the ability to choose between a wide range of options when completing assignments. He does this because he knows that the average middle school student:

Lead students in a debate about whether individuals should be required by law to use renewable energy sources (structured debates allow students to see both sides of an issue and apply their knowledge to make a decision based on a real-world scenario)

Mr. Klement's seventh-grade class is studying renewable and nonrenewable resources. He would like to encourage the students to apply their knowledge of resources to a real-world scenario and make an ethical judgment. Which of the following activities would best allow him to do this?

Review the questions before allowing the students to begin their observations (it is best for students to be aware of what they should be trying to observe. By presenting the questions, Mr. Luther lets the students know what they should be looking for, and what information they will be responsible for on the assessment)

Mr. Luther plans a field trip to the local park for his science class. During the morning, they will observe various animals and plants and record their observations. At lunch, Mr. Luther will gather the class to discuss their observations using predetermined questions. Which of the following instructional activities would most benefit the students and increase the chance for success of the field trip?

Activating students' prior knowledge about conductors and insulators

Mr. Popov's students are building circuits. The ends of the conducting wires have alligator clips that students use when making connections. Mr. Popov notices that several students are connecting the alligator clips to the plastic that coats each of the conducting wires instead of connecting the metal clips to metal. What did Mr. Popov specifically forget to include in his lesson plans?

He first models the appropriate way to address suggestions, and the areas the students should assess in creating feedback for their peers (using a rubric is a great method for ensuring specific feedback and clear expectations)

Mr. Rodriguez is a speech teacher at Franklin Middle School. He is having his students practice their public speaking by giving speeches to their classmates and then having the classmates offer suggestions for improvement. Which of the following would best ensure a productive peer assessment environment in Mr. Rodriguez's classroom?

Designing a travel brochure for a landmark, including climate-appropriate attire and activities (determining climate-appropriate attire and activities requires using critical thinking skills)

Mr. Scott is teaching his class about weather and climate. Which of the following activities would be the most likely to encourage his students' critical thinking skills?

ask the student why he responded in the manner her did (this is the best answer because the student has the opportunity to convey the reason for his actions to the teacher, prior to the teacher responding)

Mr. Wilhelm instructs this student to go outside the classroom and wait for Mr. Wilhelm to come out. Which of the following would be the best initial response when Mr. Wilhelm talks with the student outside the classroom?

Understanding and taking responsibility their their learning

Mrs. Crow provides her students a self-assessment rubric to complete after a semester-long group research project. Which of the following does a self-assessment rubric best promote among students?

Ask students who owns a cloned sheep: the owners of the sheep who provided the DNA, the scientists who created it, or the owner of the new incubating sheep? lead students on a structured debate about this topic. (it shows that biotechnology leads to many ethical questions. these questions about the cloned sheep ownership will lead students to think critically about other applications of biotechnolgy)

Mrs. Fischer would like to be sure her students know the implications of biotechnology and how it will affect society. Which of the following activities would be most appropriate for exposing students to a variety of perspectives?

to show the students that they were taken seriously by elected officials, which could encourage them to engage in political activity in the future.

Mrs. Vazquez is a seventh-grade history teacher with students from a wide geographic area. For a class project, she has her students write their state representatives asking them to come visit and speak at their school. Out of the three representatives contacted, two wrote a letter thanking the students for their time but declined the request, and one representative made a visit to the campus. The most likely benefit for the students in writing the letters is:

Provide student will a blank calender for them to fill in, with teacher guidance, the project due dates and progress goals for the long term aspects of the project. Refer to those calendars regularly. (this brings awareness to the long term goals and due dates while still allowing students to have responsibility for their own calendar)

Mrs. Williams is worried about her students' ability to stay caught up on an upcoming multi-week research project. There will be grades taken throughout the process as well as a grade on the final project. Which of the following would be the best way for Mrs. Williams to support the students' time management skills with this project?

Helping students to recognize their strengths and find strategies to improve areas of difficulty. (when students recognize their individual strengths, they will be more engaged and open to trying new strategies to address areas of need)

Ms. Newman, an eighth-grade teacher, has high expectations for her students' performance and hopes to increase their intrinsic motivation. Which of the following should Ms. Newman emphasize when setting expectations for her students?

In the book, Brain has on tool that helps him survive the wilderness. What is one item you would bring in a similar survival situation and why? (this question is open-ended and requires the students to analyze aspects of the story and apply their own knowledge to the situation. It allows students to offer divergent answers and would also increase participation)

Ms. Pepper is using discussion to stimulate higher-order thinking skills after the class has read a story. Which of the following questions would be the best choice to accomplish this goal?

Ms. Prabha's because it provides an opportunity for collaborative, student-driven learning. She can also catch students' misconceptions in real time and gauge student understanding.

Ms. Prabha and Mr. Tsai are teaching their students about the requirements of life. Ms. Prabha plans to give the students 10 unknown specimens and ask them to make observations and then, with a partner, classify them as living or nonliving and give reasons why. Mr. Tsai plans to ask his students to go home and write down the names of 10 living things and 10 non-living things around their house. Which teacher's plan will be more effective?

an increase in the students' motivation (students are motivated when they have a choice in their learning. By allowing students to choose the questions to ask and analyze, students are likely to be more interested in their results)

Ms. Wright's decision to allow her students to create their own statistical questions is likely to result in:

Offer responses when no students speak quickly (some classes will refrain from speaking if they expect the teacher to answer her own questions. Make sure to give ample time for students to respond)

Of the following methods, which is not useful in helping students participate in whole-class discussions?

Projects require higher level thinking and can demonstrate greater concept mastery than tests.

Rather than give a unit test, Mrs. Kirby decides to assign a major project to her students. They are provided a rubric that sets the expectations and guidelines. Students will be given 2 class periods to work on it and the rest must be completed at home. Students will then present their projects in class. What is the main advantage to giving a project rather than a test?

Interactionist (interacting by altering the factors)

The ______________ theory assumes that actions can be explained by analyzing the factors around the child and that growth occurs by altering the various factors. Within this theory, teachers and students work together to monitor behavior.

refer the students to a gifted and talented program. (it allows students to get taken out of the classroom so that instruction can be targeted at the typical development stage)

There are a handful of students in Mr. Underwood's class who show signs of being at a higher developmental stage than that of their classmates. Mr. Underwood wants to ensure that these students are being challenged. What should he do?

Facilitator (because students are researching their own topics, Mr. Johnson acts as a facilitator during this time)

To prepare for students to mail out their persuasive letters, Ms. Johnson creates a protocol for reviewing the content of each letter. She then contacts the community relations managers for the organizations and businesses students have identified in order to determine who within the organization could most benefit from receiving the letter. Which of the following terms best describes Ms. Johnson's role when students are researching the topics they have chosen?

Math and other academic subjects work together in the real world. (providing students an honest answer with a real-world connection will increase their engagement)

When Mr. Troutner introduces scientific notation to his math class, Jerome asks why they are learning about science during math class. What is the best answer to his question?

The difficulty level of the question (more complex and difficult questions require longer periods of time for students to formulate and communicate responses)

When asking a student a question, which of the following should be the primary consideration of the teacher for response time by a student?

determine the goals; plan how to assess student mastery of those goals.

When using the backward design apporach to lesson planning, teachers will first _________, then ______

use color-coded pieces of yarn to represent the chromosomes. The yarn acts as a manipulative the student can use the represent the phases of mitosis. (it would benefit the tactile learner because it involves physical activity on the part of the student in order to represent the phases.

Which of the following activities would be most effective for a tactile learner to learn about the phases of mitosis?

learning occurs as a result of processing information and making associations between stimuli and responses.

Which of the following expresses how a behavioral theorist views learning?

Have students try each step of the game as the teacher explains.

Which of the following is a learner-centered method of explaining a game to a student?

The teacher poses a problem and prompts students to explore potential solutions using a concept map (this is divergent because students are encouraged to use creative thinking and free-flowing ideas to consider multiple ways to solve a problem)

Which of the following is the best method for a teacher to improve the divergent thinking skills of students?

give students time to discuss and form opinions from evidence. (participating in the scientific process by developing conclusions from evidence helps students better understand the scientific process)

Which of the following is the best way to help students understand the scientific process when they are learning about potentially controversial topics such as the origin of the universe?

Provide students with modeling clay to touch and squish while the teacher describes the mantles.

Which of the following is the most effective way for a teacher to help a tactile learner understand the consistency of Earth's mantle?

a middle school student has signed up for the school's Student Council and enjoys planning an event at the school (when children recognize the benefits of applying themselves and contributing to group efforts is Industry vs. Inferiority)

Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates Erikson's psychosocial stage Industry vs. Inferiority?

the learning standards and objectives published by the state (planning begins with the learning goal, and the learning goal will be directly related to the state standards)

Which of the following serve as a starting point when a teacher begins lesson planning using backward design?

a tactile learner (role-play is a great activity for tactile or kinesthetic learners. These students learn best when they are involved in the learning process by DOING)

Which of the following types of learners would benefit most from the activity described below? A history class is learning about US presidents. The teacher asks each student to pick a president that they want to learn more about, and the class has a day in which the students dress up as the president and provide information about the goals they achieved during their term in office.

Allow students to create and have access to a computer folder to store and maintain their research notes and outlines (this will prevent confusion and allow students to organize their thoughts and notes quickly)

Which of the following would most help students maintain organization through a long research project?

Ask the question, wait 5-10 seconds,and then call on a specific student to answer

Which would be the recommended sequence to follow when asking questions in the classroom?

concrete

While pairing direct instruction with experiments and activities is helpful, students in the ____________ operations phase are able to understand some abstract content and these reinforcements are not always required.

Instructional facilitators at the district level. (this ensures that similar content is being taught at similar times across the district)

Who is generally responsible for creating the scope and sequence of a curriculum?

1. Physiological needs: food, water, shelter, etc 2. Safety: security, freedom from fear 3. Love/belonging: Relationships, family 4. Esteem: confidence, feeling of achievement 5. Self-actualization: meeting potential, creative abilities

Write Maslows Hiarchy of needs in order:

student-centered

________ learning should allow the students to explore on their own within guidelines.

backward design

________ refers to the approach to lesson planning where a teacher begins by establishing the objective, then works backward to ensure that the activities meet the needs of the learning objective.