PM Chapter 9, chapter 10, System Analysis and Design: Project Management Quiz 12 (CH11)
_____ emphasizes things such as job rotation, broadening of skills, generalization versus specialization, and the need for continuous training of workers.
"Theory Z" workers, it is assumed, can be trusted to do their jobs to their utmost ability, as long as management can be trusted to support them and look out for their wellbeing. Theory Z emphasizes job rotation, broadening of skills, generalization versus specialization, and the need for continuous training of workers.
Using the formula for calculating the number of communication channels, how many channels would two people require?
1
Using the formula for calculating the number of communication channels, how many channels would five people require?
10
A team has 10 communication channels between its various members. Using the formula for calculating the number of communication channels, it can be deduced that the team has _____ members.
5
_____ a highly respected psychologist, rejected the dehumanizing negativism of psychology and proposed the hierarchy of needs theory.
Abraham Maslow: , a highly respected psychologist who rejected the dehumanizing negativism of psychology in the 1950s, is best known for developing a hierarchy of needs
According to Lencioni, which of the following qualities is present in organizations that succeed?
According to Patrick Leniconi, ""Teamwork" remains the one sustainable competitive advantage that has been largely untapped .. teamwork is almost always lacking within organizations that fail, and often present within those that succeed."
According to Thamhain and Wilemon, _____ is the legitimate hierarchical right to issue orders.
According to Thamhain and Wilemon, "authority" is the legitimate hierarchical right to issue orders.
According to Thamhain and Wilemon, _____ is the ability to improve a worker's position.
According to Thamhain and Wilemon, "promotion" is the ability to improve a worker's position
Key outputs of _____ process are project staff assignments, resource calendars, and project management plan updates.
Acquiring the project team: involves assigning the needed personnel to work on the project. Key outputs of this process are project staff assignments, resource calendars, and project management plan updates.
_____ involves assigning the needed personnel to work on the project.
Acquiring the project team: involves assigning the needed personnel to work on the project. Key outputs of this process are project staff assignments, resource calendars, and project management plan updates.
Psychologist David Merril describes _____ as reactive and task-oriented.
Analyticals: are reactive and task-oriented. They are past-oriented and strong thinkers. Adjectives to describe analyticals include critical, indecisive, stuffy, picky, moralistic, industrious, persistent, serious, expecting, and orderly.
At the bottom of Maslow's structure are _____ needs.
At the bottom of the pyramid structure of Maslow's hierarchy of needs are "physiological" needs. Once physiological needs are satisfied, safety needs guide behavior.
As a manager, you want to praise a team member, Phil, for doing a good job on a particular project. However, you know he tends to be an introvert. Which communication method would Phil be most comfortable with?
Call Phil in for a private meeting to appreciate his work.
_____ involves using punishment, threats, or other negative approaches to get people to do things they do not want to do.
Coercive power: involves using punishment, threats, or other negative approaches to get people to do things they do not want to do. For example, a project manager can threaten to fire workers or subcontractors to try to get them to change their behavior.
The main outputs of the _____ process are team performance assessments and enterprise environmental factors updates.
Developing the project team involves: building individual and group skills to enhance project performance. The main outputs of this process are team performance assessments and enterprise environmental factors updates.
_____ involves building individual and group skills to enhance project performance.
Developing the project team: involves building individual and group skills to enhance project performance.
_____ is best known for developing Theory X and Theory Y.
Douglas McGregor: was one of the great popularizers of a human relations approach to management, and he is best known for developing Theory X and Theory Y.
Recognizing an employee as the "Star Performer of the Month" would be satisfying the _____ need of the Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
Esteem: needs include recognition, prestige, and status.
Communication becomes simpler when you increase the number of team members.
False
E-mail is the most appropriate medium for all types of communications.
False
Geographic location and cultural background have no impact on communications.
False
Improving an organization's ability to communicate is an easy process.
False
Minutes must be a comprehensive report of the meeting that was scheduled.
False
Project members should either have strong technical skills or soft skills.
False
Status reports should be written in a consistent format, regardless of the stakeholders' needs.
False
The last step in project risk management is deciding how to address the knowledge area for a particular project by performing risk management planning. Answers: True False
False
_____ is best known for distinguishing between motivational factors and hygiene factors when considering motivation in work settings.
Frederick Herzberg: is best known for distinguishing between motivational factors and hygiene factors when considering motivation in work settings. He referred to factors that cause job satisfaction as motivators and factors that could cause dissatisfaction as hygiene factors.
Which question is typically addressed by a project forecast?
How much more money will be needed to complete the project?
Which is a guideline that project managers should follow when communicating with teams through e-mail?
If the entire message can fit in the subject line, put it there.
In the MBTI, the _____ dimension relates to the manner in which you gather information.
In the MBTI, the "Sensation/ Intuition "dimension relates to the manner in which you gather information. Sensation (or Sensing) type people take in facts, details, and reality and describe themselves as practical. Intuitive type people are imaginative, ingenious, and attentive to hunches or intuition. They describe themselves as innovative and conceptual.
Which is true of push communication?
Information is sent to recipients without their request.
_____ involves tracking team member performance, motivating team members, providing timely feedback, resolving issues and conflicts, and coordinating changes to help enhance project performance.
Managing the project team: involves tracking team member performance, motivating team members, providing timely feedback, resolving issues and conflicts, and coordinating changes to help enhance project performance.
_____ refers to matching certain behaviors of the other person.
Mirroring: is matching certain behaviors of the other person. People tend to like others who are like themselves, and mirroring helps you take on some of the other person's characteristics.
Managers who follow _____ assume that the average worker wants to be directed and prefers to avoid responsibility.
People who believe in "Theory X" assume that workers dislike and avoid work if possible, so managers must use coercion, threats, and various control schemes to have workers make adequate efforts to meet objectives. They assume that the average worker wants to be directed and prefers to avoid responsibility, has little ambition, and wants security above all else.
People with a high need for _____ seek to excel and tend to avoid both low-risk and high-risk situations to improve their chances for achieving something worthwhile.
People who have a high need for "achievement" (nAch) seek to excel, and tend to avoid both low-risk and high-risk situations to improve their chances for achieving something worthwhile. Achievers need regular feedback and often prefer to work alone or with other high achievers
According to McClelland's acquired-needs theory, people with a high need for _____ desire harmonious relationships with other people and need to feel accepted by others.
People with a high need for affiliation (nAff) desire harmonious relationships with other people and need to feel accepted by others. They tend to conform to the norms of their work group and prefer work that involves significant personal interaction.
According to McClelland's acquired-needs theory, people who need personal _____ want to direct others and can be seen as bossy.
People with a need for "power" (nPow) desire either personal power or institutional power. People who need personal power want to direct others and can be seen as bossy.
In the Tuckman model, _____ occurs when the emphasis is on reaching the team goals, rather than working on team process.
Performing: occurs when the emphasis is on reaching the team's goals rather than working on team process. Relationships are settled, and team members are likely to build loyalty towards each other.
According to Herzberg, which of the following is a motivational factor?
Recognition
_____ is based on an individual's personal charisma.
Referent power: is based on a person's own charisma. People who have referent power are held in very high regard; others will do what they say based on that regard.
_____ is a technique for resolving resource conflicts by delaying tasks.
Resource leveling: is a technique for resolving resource conflicts by delaying tasks. It is a form of network analysis in which resource management concerns drive scheduling decisions (start and finish dates). The main purpose of resource leveling is to create a smoother distribution of resource usage.
_____ refers to the amount of individual resources an existing schedule requires during specific time periods.
Resource loading: refers to the amount of individual resources an existing schedule requires during specific time periods. It helps project managers understand the demands of a project on the organization's resources and on individual people's schedules.
_____ involves using incentives to induce people to do things.
Reward power: involves using incentives to induce people to do things. Rewards can include money, status, recognition, promotions, and special work assignments.
_____ is at the top of Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
Self actualization: is at the top of Maslow's structure. Self-actualized people are problem-focused, have an appreciation for life, are concerned about personal growth, and are able to have peak experiences.
In the Tuckman model, _____ occurs as team members have different opinions as to how the team should operate.
Storming: occurs when team members have different opinions for how the team should operate. People test each other, and there is often conflict within the team.
The _____ presents subjects with a series of ambiguous pictures and asks them to develop a spontaneous story for each picture, assuming they will project their own needs into the story.
The "Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)" is a tool to measure the individual needs of different people using McClelland's categories. The TAT presents subjects with a series of ambiguous pictures and asks them to develop a spontaneous story for each picture, assuming they will project their own needs into the story.
The acquiring of the project team is a subprocess associated with the _____ process of project human resource management.
The acquiring of the project team is a subprocess associated with the "executing" process of project human resource management.
The bottom four needs in Maslow's structure are referred to as _____ needs.
The bottom four needs in Maslow's hierarchy, physiological, safety, social, and esteem needs, are referred to as "deficiency needs", and the highest level, self-actualization, is considered a growth need.
The highest level of needs in Maslow's structure is referred to as a _____ need.
The bottom four needs in Maslow's hierarchy, physiological, safety, social, and esteem needs, are referred to as deficiency needs, and the highest level, self-actualization, is considered a "growth need."
The first step in the framework for defining and assigning work is _____.
The first step in the framework for defining and assigning work is "finalizing the project requirements".
A(n) _____ is a column chart that shows the number of resources assigned to a project over time.
The staffing management plan often includes a "resource histogram", which is a column chart that shows the number of resources assigned to a project over time.
A facilitator can help the team solve any communication problems.
True
A probability/impact matrix or chart lists the relative probability of a risk occurring on one side of a matrix or axis on a chart and the relative impact of the risk occurring on the other. Answers: True False
True
A risk-seeking person prefers outcomes that are more uncertain and is often willing to pay a penalty to take risks. Answers: True False
True
Adding more people to a project that is falling behind schedule often causes more setbacks because of the increased complexity of communications.
True
Do not have a meeting if there is a better way of achieving the objective at hand.
True
Good information technology project managers must have strong technical and communication skills.
True
In a project, communicating badly exponentially increases the possibility of making mistakes.
True
It is extremely important to document any changes in technical specifications that might affect product performance.
True
Large, complex projects involving leading-edge technologies often require extensive quantitative risk analysis. Answers: True False
True
Most WBSs include a section for project communications to ensure that reporting key information is a project deliverable.
True
One possible response to managing negative risk it to accept the potential effects from the risk. Answers: True False
True
People have different personality traits that often affect their communication preferences.
True
Project managers must assess the needs of the organization, the project, and individuals in determining which communication medium to use, and when.
True
Rarely does the receiver interpret a message exactly as the sender intended.
True
The communications management plan varies with the needs of the project.
True
The project manager often combines information from all of the lessons-learned reports into a project summary report.
True
The risk register can be created with a simple Microsoft Word or Excel file. Answers: True False
True
According to Blake and Mouton, project managers who use the _____ method use a give-and take-approach to resolving conflicts.
With the "compromise mode", project managers use a give-and-take approach to resolving conflicts. They bargain and search for solutions that bring some degree of satisfaction to all the parties in a dispute.
An example of pull communication is _____.
blogs
What is e-mail communication is most suited for?
communicating simple information
As the number of people involved in a project _____, the complexity of communications _____.
decreases, increases
According to the guidelines provided by Practical Communications, Inc., a(n) _____ is a medium that is "excellent" for encouraging creative thinking.
During which phase must project teams address important considerations for managing information (and often end up updating business processes through improved communications)?
execution
Which document predicts future project status and progress based on past information and trends?
forecasts
Which process involves determining what risks are likely to affect a project and documenting the characteristics of each? Answers: a. planning risk management b. performing quantitative risk analysis c. identifying risks d. performing qualitative risk analysis
identifying risks
Which is a fact-finding technique that can be used for collecting information in face-to-face, phone, e-mail, or instant-messaging discussions? Answers: a. the Delphi technique b. interviewing c. brainstorming d. Monte Carlo analysis
interviewing
The items discussed in a(n) _____ include reflections on whether project goals were met, whether the project was successful or not, causes of variances on the project, reasoning behind corrective actions chosen, use of different project management tools and techniques, and personal words of wisdom based on team members' experiences.
lessons-learned report
According to the guidelines provided by Practical Communications, Inc., what is the most appropriate medium for addressing negative behavior?
meeting
According to the guidelines provided by Practical Communications, Inc., which is the most appropriate medium for giving complex instructions?
meeting
Which communication method is most appropriate for assessing the commitment of project stakeholders?
meeting
The formula to determine the number of communication channels is _____, where n is the number of people involved.
n (n-1)/2
Which process involves prioritizing risks based on their probability of occurrence and impact? Answers: a. monitoring and controlling risks b. project closing c. performing qualitative risk analysis d. planning risk management
performing qualitative risk analysis
The output of the _____ process is a communications management plan.
planning communications
Which process involves determining the information and communications needs of the stakeholders?
planning communications
Unenforceable conditions or contract clauses and adversarial relations are risk conditions associated with the project _____ management knowledge area. Answers: a. human resources b. procurement c. integration d. quality
procurement
Which document describes what the project team has accomplished during a certain period?
progress reports
What documents include a complete set of organized project records that provide an accurate history of the project?
project archives
Which action involves changing the size of the opportunity by identifying and maximizing key drivers of the positive risk? Answers: a. risk sharing b. risk enhancement c. risk exploitation d. risk acceptance
risk enhancement
Which action involves doing whatever you can to make sure the positive risk happens? Answers: a. risk enhancement b. risk exploitation c. risk sharing d. risk acceptance
risk exploitation
Which action involves reducing the impact of a risk event by reducing the probability of its occurrence? Answers: a. risk mitigation b. risk transference c. risk acceptance d. risk avoidance
risk mitigation
Which type of person achieves a balance between risk and payoff? Answers: a. risk-averse b. risk-fearing c. risk-seeking d. risk-neutral
risk-neutral
Which technique is used to show the effects of changing one or more variables on an outcome? Answers: a. Monte Carlo analysis b. decision tree c. systems analysis d. sensitivity analysis
sensitivity analysis
Which method of communication is likely to be most effective for conveying sensitive or important information?
short face-to-face meetings
Which document addresses where the project stands in terms of meeting scope, time, and cost goals?
status reports
Which document describes where the project stands at a specific point in time?
status reports
The _____ line for any e-mail messages you write should clearly state the intention of the e-mail.
subject
An example of push communication is _____.
voice mails
A(n) _____ is a website that enables anyone who accesses it to contribute or modify its content.
wiki
According to research by Albert Mehrabian, which is NOT a way that information is communicated through face-to-face interaction?
written content
