PNB Lab Quiz 2
external obliques
compress abdomen, flex vertebral column, rotate trunk, lateral flexion of trunk
internal obliques
compress abdomen, flex vertebral column, rotate trunk, lateral flexion of trunk
transversus abdominis
compresses abdominal contents
costal cartilage
connects ribs to sternum made up of hyaline cartilage
structure of a vertebra
consists of a body, vertebral arc and processes
pectoralis minor
protracts and depresses scapula
serratus anterior
pulls scapula anteriorly and downward
vertebral column
spine 24 bones, each called a vertebrae
pronation
turning the palm downward
latissimus dorsi
extends and adducts humerus
osteocytes
mature bone cells
laminae of vertebral arch
roof of the vertebral arch
functions of spongy bone
-Reduces density of bone and allows ends of long bones to compress as the result of stresses applied to the bone -Support shifts in weight distribution -Storage of red bone marrow
how many pairs of ribs are there?
12
thoracic cage
12 pairs of ribs sternum
how many bones in skull
22 (8 cranial, 14 facial)
sacrum
5 fused vertebrae
osteoclasts
Bone-destroying cells
adduction
Movement toward the midline of the body
lateral pterygoid
Opens mouth; pushes lower jaw out and upper jaw Moves lower jaw to side
supination
Palm up
false ribs
Ribs 8-12 Costal cartilage from these ribs do not attach directly to sternum Ribs 8-10, costal cartilages attached to the cartilage of next higher rib (cartilage of rib 10 attached to cartilage of rib 9) Last 2 false ribs are called floating ribs (vertebral ribs) Short ribs that do not attach to the sternum at all
extension
Straightening of a joint
anterior muscles on pectoral girdle
Subclavius Pectoralis minor Serratus anterior
pedicle of vertebral arch
The left or right "side" of the vertebral arch
axial skeleton
The portion of the skeleton that supports and protects the head, neck, and trunk
supraoribital margin
Upper margin of the anterior orbit
facial bones
Zygomatic Nasal Lacrimal Vomer Inferior nasal conchae Palatine Mandible Maxilla
rectus abdominis
abs
insertion
attachment site that does move when the muscle contracts
flexion
bending a joint
dorsiflexion
bending of the foot or the toes upward
osteoblasts
bone forming cells
vertebral foramen
canal through which spinal cord passes
circumduction
circular movement of a limb at the far end
temporalis
closes jaw
subclavis
depresses clavicle
masseter
elevates mandible
medial pterygoid
elevates mandible and moves it from side to side
Sternocleidomastoid
flexes neck; rotates head
plantar flexion
flexion of the toes moving the foot downward
cranial bones
frontal, 2 parietal, 2 temporal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid,
mandible
lower jaw
abduction
movement away from the midline
rotation
moving a limb or structure about a point
axial muscles
muscles of head and neck
Supraorbital foramen
opening above each orbit allowing blood vessels and nerves to pass
intervertebral foramen
opening through which a spinal nerve exits from the vertebral column
infraorbital foramen
opening under the orbit carrying the infraorbital nerves and blood vessels the the nasal region
muscles of the abdomen
rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis
rhomboid major
retracts scapula
rhomboid minor
retracts scapula
true ribs
ribs 1-7 costal cartilage from each of these ribs attaches directly to sternum
vertebral canal
serve as the bony protection and passageway for the spinal cord down the back
muscular system
skeletal muscles are composed of many skeletal muscle fibers, blood vessels, nerves and connective tissue
what bones does axial skeleton consist of
skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage, sacrum, cocyx
vertebral arch
structure that encloses the nerve cord
coccyx
tailbone
orbit
the bony socket that holds the eyeball
hyperextension
the extreme or overextension of a limb or body part beyond its normal limit
trapezius
upper back
