PNB Lab Quiz 2

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external obliques

compress abdomen, flex vertebral column, rotate trunk, lateral flexion of trunk

internal obliques

compress abdomen, flex vertebral column, rotate trunk, lateral flexion of trunk

transversus abdominis

compresses abdominal contents

costal cartilage

connects ribs to sternum made up of hyaline cartilage

structure of a vertebra

consists of a body, vertebral arc and processes

pectoralis minor

protracts and depresses scapula

serratus anterior

pulls scapula anteriorly and downward

vertebral column

spine 24 bones, each called a vertebrae

pronation

turning the palm downward

latissimus dorsi

extends and adducts humerus

osteocytes

mature bone cells

laminae of vertebral arch

roof of the vertebral arch

functions of spongy bone

-Reduces density of bone and allows ends of long bones to compress as the result of stresses applied to the bone -Support shifts in weight distribution -Storage of red bone marrow

how many pairs of ribs are there?

12

thoracic cage

12 pairs of ribs sternum

how many bones in skull

22 (8 cranial, 14 facial)

sacrum

5 fused vertebrae

osteoclasts

Bone-destroying cells

adduction

Movement toward the midline of the body

lateral pterygoid

Opens mouth; pushes lower jaw out and upper jaw Moves lower jaw to side

supination

Palm up

false ribs

Ribs 8-12 Costal cartilage from these ribs do not attach directly to sternum Ribs 8-10, costal cartilages attached to the cartilage of next higher rib (cartilage of rib 10 attached to cartilage of rib 9) Last 2 false ribs are called floating ribs (vertebral ribs) Short ribs that do not attach to the sternum at all

extension

Straightening of a joint

anterior muscles on pectoral girdle

Subclavius Pectoralis minor Serratus anterior

pedicle of vertebral arch

The left or right "side" of the vertebral arch

axial skeleton

The portion of the skeleton that supports and protects the head, neck, and trunk

supraoribital margin

Upper margin of the anterior orbit

facial bones

Zygomatic Nasal Lacrimal Vomer Inferior nasal conchae Palatine Mandible Maxilla

rectus abdominis

abs

insertion

attachment site that does move when the muscle contracts

flexion

bending a joint

dorsiflexion

bending of the foot or the toes upward

osteoblasts

bone forming cells

vertebral foramen

canal through which spinal cord passes

circumduction

circular movement of a limb at the far end

temporalis

closes jaw

subclavis

depresses clavicle

masseter

elevates mandible

medial pterygoid

elevates mandible and moves it from side to side

Sternocleidomastoid

flexes neck; rotates head

plantar flexion

flexion of the toes moving the foot downward

cranial bones

frontal, 2 parietal, 2 temporal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid,

mandible

lower jaw

abduction

movement away from the midline

rotation

moving a limb or structure about a point

axial muscles

muscles of head and neck

Supraorbital foramen

opening above each orbit allowing blood vessels and nerves to pass

intervertebral foramen

opening through which a spinal nerve exits from the vertebral column

infraorbital foramen

opening under the orbit carrying the infraorbital nerves and blood vessels the the nasal region

muscles of the abdomen

rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis

rhomboid major

retracts scapula

rhomboid minor

retracts scapula

true ribs

ribs 1-7 costal cartilage from each of these ribs attaches directly to sternum

vertebral canal

serve as the bony protection and passageway for the spinal cord down the back

muscular system

skeletal muscles are composed of many skeletal muscle fibers, blood vessels, nerves and connective tissue

what bones does axial skeleton consist of

skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage, sacrum, cocyx

vertebral arch

structure that encloses the nerve cord

coccyx

tailbone

orbit

the bony socket that holds the eyeball

hyperextension

the extreme or overextension of a limb or body part beyond its normal limit

trapezius

upper back


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