POLS 111 - Chapter 3

State laws banning interracial marriage were struck down by the Supreme Court in ________.

1967

Prior to the Supreme Court's 2015 ruling in Obergefell v. Hodges, ________ states recognized same-sex marriage.

37

The power of Congress to regulate commerce with foreign nations, among the several states, and with Native American tribes is found in ________ of the U.S. Constitution.

Article I

________ is the strategy of delegating authority to a lower level of government.

Devolution

Commerce among the several states" was first defined in

Gibbons v. Ogden

Who articulated the doctrine of nullification before the Civil War?

John C. Calhoun

Who wrote the Supreme Court opinions in both McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) and Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)?

John Marshall

Who was the first president to promote New Federalism?

Nixon

The Constitution stipulates which of the following about relationships between states?

No state shall enter into a compact or agreement with another state without the approval of Congress.

Which type of grant requires state and local governments to submit proposals to the federal government and compete for funding?

Project

An example of ________ federalism is when federal officials establish environmental standards that every state must follow.

Regulated

Which of the following statements best describes the history of American federalism?

Since the Founding, there has been considerable debate about the allocation of responsibilities between the states and the federal government.

Why do many political scientists and economists believe that states and localities should not be in charge of redistributive programs?

States and local governments have to compete with each other and therefore do not have an incentive to spend money on the needy people in their areas.

Why did local governments become administratively important in the early years of the Republic?

States lacked the power to implement and enforce laws and relied, therefore, on local governments.

Which statement best describes the Supreme Court's decisions about federalism during the 1990s?

The Court limited the power of the national government over the state governments.

Which event was most influential in the rise of a more active national government?

The Great Depression

Which of the following statements is true about the Defense of Marriage Act?

The act stipulates that the federal government will recognize same-sex marriage

Which of the following statements best describes the 2005 Supreme Court's ruling on medicinal marijuana?

The federal government has the power to regulate use of medicinal marijuana under the commerce clause.

Which of the following is the best example of a unitary system of government?

The federal government sets detailed educational guidelines that all local governments must implement.

State governments are often called the "laboratories of democracy" because they

allow governments to experiment with many different approaches in order to find the policies that best meet the needs of their citizens.

Federal officials seeking to give states more authority are most likely to support ________.

block grants

A federal grant to states to assist in the building of new public schools is an example of a ________ grant.

categorical

The privileges and immunities clause of Article IV is also referred to as the ________ clause.

comity

Which clause of the U.S. Constitution has been important in allowing the growth of national power?

commerce clause

The ability to charter banks is an example of a ________ power

concurrent

One argument for a strong federal government is that it promotes ________ across states.

equality

The fact that state governments are required to enforce restraining orders placed on stalkers and batterers in other states is a result of the

full faith and credit clause of the Constitution.

The goal of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act was to

limit the costs associated with unfunded mandates by ensuring that Congress knows how much it is expecting of state and local governments and the private sector.

The purpose of the Tenth Amendment is to

limit the powers of the federal government by reserving certain powers to the states and to the people.

Which clause is the source of implied powers under the U.S. Constitution?

necessary and proper

Marble cake federalism" is associated with the

pattern of intergovernmental cooperation that has blurred the lines between the states and the national governments.

The main function of the privileges and immunities clause of Article IV is that it

prevents states from discriminating against nonresidents.

When Alaska passed a law in the 1970s that gave state residents preference over nonresidents in obtaining work on oil pipelines, this law violated the ________ clause.

privileges and immunities

During the era of dual federalism, the primary goal of the federal government's domestic policies was to

promote the development of commercial activity between and among the states.

The fugitive slave clause of the Constitution ensured that slavery would be

protected by obligating free states to return runaway slaves to the state from which they escaped

Economic policies that attempt to benefit the poor with an increase in taxing and spending are referred to as ________.

redistributive programs

Unfunded mandates are unpopular among those who want to

reduce the power of the federal government

The Secure Communities program

required state and local authorities to check the fingerprints of people being booked into jail against a Homeland Security database.

The Supreme Court's decision in Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) was significant because it

required that all states offer marriage licenses to two people of the same sex

Which powers, derived from the Tenth Amendment, are neither delegated to the national government nor denied to the states?

reserved

In the 1990s, the Supreme Court's "federalism revolution" helped to

return more power to the states.

In a federal system, governmental responsibilities are

shared by both state and federal governments.

A major reason that the slogan "states' rights" became tarnished in the 1950s and 1960s was that it had been used by

southern opponents of the civil rights movement to support Jim Crow laws

Under the traditional system of American federalism, most of the fundamental governing in the United States was done by________.

state governments

Which level of government writes the majority of criminal laws?

state governments

The full faith and credit clause of the Constitution requires the

states to honor each other's public acts and legal decisions.

The Southern Manifesto

was written by southern officials who declared that their states were not bound by Supreme Court decisions outlawing racial segregation.