POLS 2311 Ch 5 & 6 Exam

Which of the following are most important external influences on how political opinions are formed in the market place of ideas?

the government, private groups, and the news media

Which of the following sets of terms best describes America's fundamental political values?

liberty, equality of opportunity, and democracy

In general, FCC regulations apply only to

over-the-air broadcast media

Which of the following statements about the marketplace of ideas is true?

Private groups and the news media play important roles in shaping opinions in the marketplace of ideas.

Today, the term __________ refers to someone who generally supports the social and economic status quo and is suspicious of efforts to introduce new political formulas and economic arrangements.

conservative

More than 3/4 of daily print newspapers are owned by

large media conglomerates

The process by which political values are formed is known as

political socialization.

A familiar polling problem is the "bandwagon effect," which occurs when

polling results influence people to support the candidate marked as the probable victor in a campaign

What is the social desirability effect?

the fact that respondents report what they think the interviewer wishes to hear or whatever they think is socially acceptable, rather than what they actually believe

A shared American ideal that all people should have the freedom to use whatever talents and wealth they have to reach their fullest potential is _____________________.

the pursuit of happiness

Which agency regulates broadcast media?

Federal Communications Commission

Most leaks originate with

senior government officials, prominent politicians, and political activists

The practice of push polling involves

the procedure of asking loaded questions in order to subtly shape the respondent's opinion.

Media's power to bring public attention to a particular issue or problem is known as

agenda-setting

A 'push poll' is a poll in which

the questions are designed to shape the respondent's opinion rather than measure the respondent's opinion

If a person supports a candidate because he or she is the front-runner in a poll, it is an example of the

bandwagon effect.

Bernie Sanders is best described as a

democratic socialist.

Individuals with home high-speed internet access and the technology and literacy skills to use it are called

digital citizens.

Libertarianism is a political ideology that

emphasizes freedom and voluntary association with small government.

A widely circulated story during the 2016 presidential election stating that the Pope had endorsed Donald Trump for president was a good example of

fake news.

________ is the power the media have to shape what issues Americans think about and ________ is the power the media have to influence how Americans think about those issues.

Agenda-setting, framing

"Socialism" refers to

a political ideology that emphasizes social ownership, strong government, and reducing economic inequality.

Which statement best describes the relationship between public opinion and government policy?

The relationship between government policy and public opinion is dynamic, wherein government policy responds to public opinion but public opinion also shifts based on new government policies.

Which statement best describes the relationship between public opinion and government policy?

The relationship between the two is dynamic wherein policy responds to opinion but opinion also shifts based on new government policies.

News reported and distributed by citizens, rather than by professional journalists and for-profit news organization is called citizen journalism.

True

What is niche journalism?

news reporting targeted for a demographic of readers based on content or ideological presentation

Pollsters use random digit dialing to gather national samples for surveys because

there is not a complete list of all Americans that can be used to identify the population.

In Red Lion Broadcasting Company v. Federal Communications Commision, the Supreme Court ruled that a radio station

was required to provide a liberal author with an opportunity to respond to a personal attack broadcast by one of the station's conservative commentators

Low-level officials who hope to publicize what they view as their bosses' or the government's improper activities are usually called

"whistle-blowers."

Today, the term liberal refers to someone who generally supports the social and economic status quo and is suspicious of efforts to introduce new political formulas and economic arrangements.

False

The term "public opinion" is used to describe

attitudes about political issues, leaders, institutions, and events.

Which of the following requires an FCC license in order to legally broadcast in the United States?

over-the-air television stations

"Public broadcasting" refers to any television, radio, and digital media that

receive funding from the public through license fees, subsidies, or tax dollars.

Which of the following is the term used in public-opinion polling to denote the small group representing the opinions of the whole population?

sample

The small group selected by pollsters to represent the entire population is called a

sample.

The tendency to focus news coverage on only one aspect of an event or issue, avoiding coverage of other aspects is called

selection bias.

The requirement that broadcasters provide candidates for the same political office equal opportunities to communicate their messages to the public is called the

the equal time fule.

The now-defunct requirement that broadcasters provide time for opposing views when they air programs on controversial issues was called

the fairness doctrine

The fact that women tend to oppose military intervention more than men do is an example of

the gender gap

Which of the following is NOT an agent of socialization?

"all are" family, social groups, education, political environment

Large media conglomerates, such as the Hearst, McClatchy, and Gannett corporations, own approximately ________ percent of daily newspapers.

75

Which of the following is an example of the "gender gap"?

Men are more supportive of Donald Trump's presidency than women.

Socialism refers to a political ideology that emphasizes social ownership, strong government, and reducing economic inequality.

True

The process of preparing the public to take a particular view of an event or political actor is called priming.

True

Which of the following is not an agent of socialization?

Which of the following is not an agent of socialization?

A political ideology is best defined as

a cohesive set of beliefs that form a general philosophy about the government.

Public broadcasting outlets that receive government funding through license fees, subsidies, or tax dollars

account for less than 5 percet of media market share in the US

Reporting in which the media adopt a skeptical or even hostile posture toward the government and public officials is referred to as

adversarial journalism.

If public concern and interest in data security issues increased after a number of television and newspaper stories about "hacking," it would be an example of the media's

agenda-setting power.

Adversarial journalism refers to

an aggressive form of journalism that attempts to expose and antagonize the status quo

News produced by individuals and organizations who are not employed as professional journalists is called

citizen journalism.

Digital citizenship requires

high-speed internet access and the technical and literacy skills to evaluate and use information online

The fact that Americans strongly support minimal governmental interference with individuals' lives and property illustrates their commitment to

liberty.

The process by which Americans learn political beliefs and values is called

political socialization.

Which of the following news sources reaches the MOST Americans?

television

The fact that only 63 percent of high school graduates have broadband internet access at home while almost 90 percent of college graduates do is an example of

the "digital divide."

In the United States, freedom of the press is protected by

the First Amendment of the Constitution.

Which of the following is NOT a reason why many Americans appear to prefer online news?

the accuracy and objectivity compared to traditional media outlets

Which of the following is not a reason that many Americans appear to prefer online news?

the accuracy and objectivity compared to traditional media outlets

The term 'public opinion' is used to describe

the beliefs and attitudes that people have about issues, events, elected officials, and policies

The concept of a marketplace of ideas refers to

the competition between varying opinions and ideas that are aired in public forums.

The fact that almost 90 percent of college graduates have home broadband access but only 63 percent of high school graduates do is an example of

the digital divide